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Fig. 5 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 5. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of of Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978. A, F. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-54841). B–E, G–H. ♀, non-type from Turkey (NHMD-616810). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 4, ventral view. D. Segments 5 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view. G. Detail of segments 7 to 8 showing middorsal spines. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 3 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, showing distribution of inner oral styles (full circles), outer oral styles (diamonds), primary scalids (triangles), spinoscalids (thick open circles), and trichoscalids (stars), with positions of trichoscalid plates and placids indicated. Table shows the scalid arrangement by sector; single-lined boxes mark quincunxes, double-lined boxes mark 'double diamonds'.

Fig. 4 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863. A–B, D, G–H, K. ♀ (MVS, personal reference collection). C, E–F, I–J. ♂ (MVS, personal reference collection). A. Lateroventral overview. B. Head with mouth cone and introvert, ventral view; inset shows detail of primary spinoscalid fringes attaching along a longitudinal line, and the median basal sheath spike of the Ring 03 spinoscalid. C. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. D. Segments 1 to 2, lateral view. E. Segments 1 to 2, ventral view. F. Segments 4 to 7, subdorsal view; inset shows the minute midlateral sensory spot on segment 4. G. Segments 8 to 9, lateral view; inset shows detail of sieve plate and lateroventral spine of segment 9. H. Segments 5 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism; inset shows detail of glandular cell outlet type 1, sensory spot and female papillae on left sternal plate of segment 6. I. Segments 10 to 11 ventrolateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. J. Segments 10 to 11 lateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11 ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 2 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 2. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, non-types from Ria Formosa, Faro, Portugal.A–D, F–G. ♂ (NHMD-616804). E, H. ♀ (NHMD-616824). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 9, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 7 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 1 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 1. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes aureus Adrianov et al., 2002. A. Allotype, ♀ (SMBL-397). B–C. Non-type ♀ from Tanegashima (NHMD-664220). D–K. Topotype, ♀ (ICHUM-6124). A. Ventral overview. B. Dorsal overview. C. Ventral overview. D. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. E. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. F. Segments 3 to 6, dorsal view. G. Segments 6 to 8, dorsal view. H. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. I. Segments 7 to 9, dorsal view. J. Segments 10 to 11, focused on posterior margin of tergal plate of segment 11, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Figure 98‒99 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figure 98‒99. Distribution maps of cave-adapted diplurans in Asia: Campodeinae Condé, 1956 (red circles), Plusiocampinae Paclt, 1957 (black circles), Lepidocampinae Condé, 1956 (brown circles), Japygidae Haliday, 1864 (red squares). In yellow: karst areas (source: Chen et al. 2017). In orange: deserts (source: Olson & Dinerstein 2002). In violet, encircled by discontinued line: hypogean karst systems (source: Klimchouk 2007). 98. In blue: ice cover and permafrost extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (sources: Ehlers et al. 2011; Lindgren et al. 2016). 99. In blue: areas covered with either continuous or patched permafrost at present (source: Brown et al. 2002).

Figs 92‒97 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 92‒97. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 92. Urite X and cerci, ventral side. 93. Proximal and ventral side of the cerci. 94. Ventral proximal portion of the left cercus. 95. Ventral proximal portion of the right cercus. 96. Conical sensillum of the cerci. 97. Cerci, caudal view. See Material and methods for terminology.

Figs 80‒85 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 80‒85. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. female. 80. First urosternite. 81. Lateral posterior of the first urosternite. 82. Detail of the lateral coxal organ with glandular setae (GS) and setiform setae (SS). 83. Median glandular organ (ss: setae-shaped sensilla). 84. Detail of the large socket setae (lss) of the lateral coxal organ. 85. Detail of the cuticle of the first urosternite.

Figs 75‒79 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 75‒79. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 75. Head, prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view (paratype, MZB (MCNB) 2020-1157). 76. Head anterior ventral side, (ad) admentum, (el) external lobule, (lp) labial palp, and (sm) submentum. 77. Pro-prosternum (pr-prt) with spine (sp) and anterior portion of prosternum (pr-st). 78. Meso-poststernum (ms-pst), meso-intersternum (ms-ist), and mesosternum (ms-st). 79. Meta-poststernum (mt-pst), meta-intersternum (mt-ist), and metasternum (mt-st).

Figs 71‒74 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 71‒74. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 71. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, right side, see terminology in the text (holotype, MZB (MCNB) 2020-1156). 72. Detail of the surface of the mesonotum. 73. Detail of the latero–posterior left side of the mesonotum. 74. Detail of the macroseta base.

Figs 65‒70 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 65‒70. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 65. Last antennomere with placoide sensilla (ps). 66. Distal antennomeres with placoide sensilla (ps). 67. Central antennomeres. 68. Proximal antennomeres, ventral side. 69. Head, dorsal side. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. 70. Proximal antennomeres, dorsal side.

Figs 61‒64 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 61‒64. Pacificampa wudonghuii Sendra sp. nov. 61. Urotergites III–VIII and IX abdominal segment, left side (holotype, NEIGA-diplura-01). 62. Male first urosternite with glandular a 1 setae. 63. Fourth urosternite, right side. 64. Male eighth urosternite.

Figs 55‒60 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 55‒60. Pacificampa wudonghuii Sendra sp. nov. 55. Dorsal macrosetae on the metathoracic femur. 56. Joint between tibia and tarsus with calcars. 57. Ventral macroseta on the tibia. 58. Lateral side of the tarsus. 59. Pretarsus. 60. Detail of the pretarsus.

Figs 46‒48 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 46‒48. Grotte du 8ième Ciel Baxian Dong, Banqiao, Hubei, China. 46. Map of the cave. 47. Main entrance. 48. Saltpetre passage with an old saltpetre oven. (Photographs Josiane Lips).

Figs 44‒45 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 44‒45. Hubeicampa melissa Sendra & Lips gen. et sp. nov. 44. Central cercal articles. 45. Detail of a cercal macroseta.

Figs 30‒33 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 30‒33. Hubeicampa melissa Sendra & Lips gen. et sp. nov. 30. Pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum, left side, holotype (MZB (MCNB) 2020-1162). 31. Detail of the pronotum. 32. Detail of clothing setae on pronotum. 33. Detail of the surface of metanotum.

Figs 49‒50. Plutocampa methoria Chevrizov, 1978. 49 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 49‒50. Plutocampa methoria Chevrizov, 1978. 49. Sensillum of the third antennomere. 50. Left labial palp and palpiform process (pp).

Figs 40‒43 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 40‒43. Hubeicampa melissa Sendra & Lips gen. et sp. nov. 40. Urotergites I–VII and abdominal segment IX, left side, holotype (MZB (MCNB) 2020-1162). 41. First urosternite of a female, holotype (MZB (MCNB) 2020-1162, with glandular a 1 setae. 42. Stylus, right fifth urosternite. 43. Detail stylus, right fifth urosternite.

Figs 34‒39 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 34‒39. Hubeicampa melissa Sendra & Lips gen. et sp. nov. 34. Tarsus of metathoracic leg. 35. Medial portion of tarsus. 36. Pretarsus. 37. Detail of the posterior portion of a claw. 38. Detail of the distal part of a lateral process. 39. Detail of the lateral part of a lateral process.

Figs 26‒29 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 26‒29. Hubeicampa melissa Sendra & Lips gen. et sp. nov. 26. Detail of the setae and macrosetae on antennomeres. 27. Distal portion of an antenna macroseta. 28. Basal portion of an antenna macroseta. 29. Central portion of an antenna macroseta.