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FIGURE 4 in Integrative approach reveals underestimated Peyssonneliales diversity in Brazil: registering the first occurrence of Ramicrusta and Incendia, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of rbcL sequences. Bootstrap values (BP) and posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes ML/PP. Samples generated in this study are in bold; – indicates lack of bootstrap support or values under 75; * indicates full support. Inset displays ABGD reconstructions.

FIGURE 3 in Integrative approach reveals underestimated Peyssonneliales diversity in Brazil: registering the first occurrence of Ramicrusta and Incendia, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 3. Ramicrusta paradoxa. (A) Habit. (B) Radial vertical section of thallus, evidencing perithallus, tetrasporangial nemathecium (arrow) and tetrasporangia (arrowhead). (C) Lower perithallus cells branched, giving rise to two upper perithallus cells (arrows). (D) Multicellular rhizoids. Scale bar: A, 1 cm; B, 100 μm; C and D, 30 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Integrative approach reveals underestimated Peyssonneliales diversity in Brazil: registering the first occurrence of Ramicrusta and Incendia, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 2. Ramicrusta fujiiana. (A) Habit. (B) Radial vertical section of thallus, evidencing perithallus. (C) Unicellular rhizoids. (D) Radial vertical section of tetrasporangial nemathecium, evidencing tetrasporangia. (E) Upper perithallus with secondary pit connections (arrows). Scale bar: A, 1 cm; B, 100 μm; C, D and E, 30 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the genus Reddellomyces (Tuberaceae): a combination of molecular and morphological analysis provides insights into species diversity

FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Reddellomyces sp. derived from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) rRNA gene sequences rooted with Choiromyces meandriformis. Species with an asterisk are collected from Mediterranean countries Nodes with asterisks (*) are supported with 100 % Bayesian posterior probabilities and>70 % MP, ML bootstrap values.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the genus Reddellomyces (Tuberaceae): a combination of molecular and morphological analysis provides insights into species diversity

FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of Reddellomyces sp. derived from nuclear large subunit (28S) rRNA gene sequences rooted with Gymnohydnotrya australiana. Nodes with asterisks (*) are supported with 100 % Bayesian posterior probabilities and>70 % MP, ML bootstrap values.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the genus Reddellomyces (Tuberaceae): a combination of molecular and morphological analysis provides insights into species diversity

FIGURE 1. Light micrographs of MahSb1-3 truffle ascomata: a, overview of the prospected site; b, ascoma; c, cluster of 8 ascomata; d, cross section of the mature and non mature dried ascoma showing the glebal Trama, labyrinthes and peridium (MahSb1 specimens); e, cross section of fresh fruitbodies (MahSb2 specimens); f, cross section of the gleba with sterile veins (arrowheads); g, asci with 5 immature ascospores and paraphyses (MahSb1 specimens); h, mature ascospore (MahSb1 specimens); i, cross section of the gleba showing the hymenium (He) and paraphyses (Pr) (MahSb1 specimens). Scale bars: b = 1 cm; c = 5 cm; d = 3 mm; f = 4 mm; g = 25 μm; h = 15 μm; i = 100 μm.

FIGURE 4. Distinctive RFLP pattern obtained with pDRAW32 in Revision of the genus Reddellomyces (Tuberaceae): a combination of molecular and morphological analysis provides insights into species diversity

FIGURE 4. Distinctive RFLP pattern obtained with pDRAW32 from in silico digestion of ITS rDNA sequences from representative species. In the computer-simulated digestions, the set of seven enzymes AoxI, BtsCI, FatI, GlaI, HaeIII, Hpy1881, HpyCH4V, LmnI, NIaIII, PasI, StyI and TaqI were used. Lanes labelled MW represent Invitrogen 100 kb ladder.

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FIGURE 1. Trixis salina. A. Reproductive branch. B in A new species of Trixis (Nassauvieae, Asteraceae) from the Center of Plant Diversity of Cabo Frio, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Trixis salina. A. Reproductive branch. B. Detail of the abaxial side of the leaf. C. Detail of the capitulum. D. Detail of the receptaculum. E. Detail of the outer involucral bract. F. Detail of the intermediate involucral bract. G. Detail of the inner involucral bract. H. Flower. I. Detail of an open corolla with androecium and gynoecium. J. Detail of an open corolla. K. Detail of androecium and gynoecium. L. Anthers. M. Style. N. Cypsela. Drawing by Maria Alice Rezende.

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FIGURE 4 in A new species of Trixis (Nassauvieae, Asteraceae) from the Center of Plant Diversity of Cabo Frio, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Microcharacters of Trixis salina from scanning electron micrography. A. Sericeous and glandular trichomes with neck on branches. B. Young leaf on abaxial side with dense sericeous trichomes. C. Developed leaf on abaxial side with sericeous trichomes. D. Developed leaf on adaxial side with long strigose and long-stalked glandular trichomes. E. Detail of long-stalked glandular trichome. F. Detail of long flagellate-septate trichomes. G. Detail of pubescent corolla lobe. H. Detail of the inner side of the corolla tube, with flagellate-septate trichomes and striate surface. I. Pollen grains. J. Basal anther appendage. K. Details of truncate and pennicelate branches of the style. L. Detail of the stylopodium base.

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FIGURE 3. Trixis salina. A. Reproductive branch. B. Shrubby restinga and habit. C in A new species of Trixis (Nassauvieae, Asteraceae) from the Center of Plant Diversity of Cabo Frio, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Trixis salina. A. Reproductive branch. B. Shrubby restinga and habit. C. Detail of the capitula. D. Lateral view of the capitula. E. Habit. F. Detail of vegetative structures. G. View of the ravine of the Foca's Beach. H. Rocky and sandy environment of the Prainha Beach populations of. I. Ravine environment. (Images A, G G.H.Shimizu; B–D C.N.Fraga; E, F, H, I M.Monge).

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FIGURE 1. A–B. Veltheimia capensis. A in Genetic diversity and species limits in Veltheimia (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae): insights from noncoding cpDNA sequence data

FIGURE 1. A–B. Veltheimia capensis. A. Flowering plant in situ. B. Plant in fruit, also showing the papery tunic at the exposed part of the bulb. C–F. Veltheimia bracteata. C. Yellow form in cultivation. D. Common colour form. E. Striated leaved form from Baviaanskloof. F. Whole plant showing the globose bulb and fleshy scales. Photographs: A, B: L. Mucina; C: J. Sampson; D: T. Dold; E: G. Schafer; F: N. Barker.

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FIGURE 2 in Genetic diversity and species limits in Veltheimia (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae): insights from noncoding cpDNA sequence data

FIGURE 2. Specimen distribution of species of Veltheimia. Red dots = known localities of V. bracteata, blue triangles = known locations of V. capensis (based on data from the BODATSA database of the National Herbarium, South Africa, http://posa.sanbi.org/). The inserted frame shows the Bayesian Inference phylogeny of the combined chloroplast non-coding data set (numbers shown below the branches indicate Posterior Probability values, the number above the red branch is the parsimony Bootstrap Support value). The branch with the thick red line indicates the "bracteata clade". Numbers preceding sample names link to specimens listed in Table 1, and are also (where the locality is known) indicated on the map. The Median Joining Network (MJN) is shown overlaid on the distribution to indicate the location of the samples (and haplotypes) used in the MJN analysis. The numbers in parentheses next to the lines linking the haplotypes indicate the number of mutational differences between the haplotypes, and the solid black circle indicate an un-sampled or hypothesised missing haplotype.

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Table 4 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Table 4. Last-occurrence dates for extinct rice rats from the Windward and Leeward Islands, based on historical records or calibrated radiometric dates from archaeological or palaeontological horizons containing rice rat material<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Archaeological or palaeontological record</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><td>Island</td><td>Historical record</td><td>Site</td><td>Calibrated radiometric date, 2s</td><td>Reference</td></tr><tr><th>Megalomys audreyae</th><td>Barbuda</td><td></td><td>Darby Sink</td><td>AD 1173–1385</td><td>MacPhee & Flemming (1999)</td></tr><tr><th>Megalomys desmarestii</th><td>Martinique</td><td>c. 1897</td><td></td><td></td><td>Allen (1942)</td></tr><tr><th>Megalomys luciae</th><td>St. Lucia</td><td>pre-1881</td><td></td><td></td><td>Allen (1942)</td></tr><tr><th>Oligoryzomys victus</th><td>St. Vincent</td><td>1892</td><td></td><td></td><td>Allen (1942)</td></tr><tr><th>Pennatomys nivalis gen. et sp. nov.</th><td>Nevis</td><td>1720? (1930s?)</td><td>Sulphur Ghaut</td><td>AD 900–1200</td><td>Newsom & Wing (2004); Wilson (2006)</td></tr><tr><td>St. Eustatius</td><td></td><td>Golden Rock</td><td>80 BC–AD 980</td><td>Schinkel (1992)</td></tr><tr><td>St. Kitts</td><td>1631?</td><td>Bloody Point</td><td>AD 660–1115</td><td>J.E. Robb, pers. comm.</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>Anguilla</td><td></td><td>Shoal Bay East</td><td>AD 940–1320</td><td>Crock (2000)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon (? Megalomys audreyae or ‘ Ekbletomys hypenemus ’)</th><td>Antigua</td><td></td><td>Indian Creek</td><td>AD 900–1100</td><td>Rouse & Morse (1999)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>Barbados</td><td>1848?</td><td></td><td></td><td>Schomburgk (1848), Ray (1962), Feilden (1890), Marsh (1984, 1985)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>Carriacou</td><td></td><td>Grand Bay</td><td>AD 390–1280</td><td>LeFebvre (2007); S.M. Fitzpatrick, pers. comm.</td></tr><tr><td>(Grenadines)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon (large morph)</th><td>Grenada</td><td></td><td>Pearls</td><td>37 BC–AD 533</td><td>Haviser (1997)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon (small morph)</th><td>Grenada</td><td></td><td>Pearls</td><td>37 BC–AD 533</td><td>Haviser (1997)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>Guadeloupe</td><td></td><td>Morel</td><td>AD 21–881</td><td>Haviser (1997)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>La Desirade</td><td></td><td>Petite Rivière</td><td>AD 600–1400</td><td>de Waal (1996)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>Marie Galante</td><td></td><td>Taliseronde</td><td>AD 350–665</td><td>Haviser (1997)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon (large morph)</th><td>Montserrat</td><td></td><td>Trants</td><td>774 BC–AD 622</td><td>Petersen (1996)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon (small morph)</th><td>Montserrat</td><td></td><td>Trants</td><td>774 BC–AD 622</td><td>Petersen (1996)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>Saba</td><td></td><td>Kelbey’s Ridge II</td><td>AD 1290–1400</td><td>Hoogland (1996)</td></tr><tr><th>Undescribed taxon</th><td>St. Martin</td><td></td><td>Hope Estate</td><td>AD 255–650</td><td>Newsom & Wing (2004)</td></tr></tbody></table>Calibrated dates were calculated from conventional 14 C ages (years BP) for Megalomys audreyae and for undescribed taxa from Grenada, Guadeloupe, and Marie Galante using OxCal 4.0 (Bronk Ramsey, 1995, 2001). The calibrated date for M. audreyae is based on a direct radiocarbon date from subfossil rice rat material; all other radiometric last-occurrence dates are based on calibrated dates of stratigraphically associated material from archaeological sites.

FIGURE 9. Pseudepipona vicina Gusenleitner. A–D in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 9. Pseudepipona vicina Gusenleitner. A–D, ♀, Kyrgyzstan; E–G, ♂, Kyrgyzstan. A, F, habitus in dorsal view; B, E, head in front view; C, pronotum and anterior part of scutum in dorsal view; D, T2 in dorsal view; G, apex of flagellum. Scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 6. Pseudepipona gineri (von Schulthess). A–C, ♀, Ibiza; D–F, ♂, syntype. A, D, habitus in dorsal view; B, E, head in front view; C, T2 in dorsal view; F, apex of flagellum.

FIGURE 4 in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 4. Pseudepipona cypria Blüthgen. A–D, ♀, Cyprus; E–G, ♂, Cyprus. A, F, habitus in dorsal view; B, E, head in front view; C, pronotum and anterior part of scutum in dorsal view; D, T2 in dorsal view; G, apex of flagellum (t, tyloid). Scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 2. Pseudepipona beckeri (Morawitz). A, female on buds of Verbascum phlomoides L.; B, male on inflorescence of Anthemis ruthenica M. Bieb.

FIGURE 8. Pseudepipona rubricans Kurzenko. A–E in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 8. Pseudepipona rubricans Kurzenko. A–E, ♀, holotype; F, I, ♂, China; H, G, ♂, Kazakhstan. A, F, habitus in dorsal view; B, H, I, head in front view; C, pronotum and anterior part of scutum in dorsal view; D, posterior part of T1 and T2 in dorsal view; E, labels; G, apex of flagellum (t, tyloid). Scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 7. Pseudepipona lativentris (de Saussure). A–D, ♀, Spain; E–G, ♂, Switzerland. A, F, habitus in dorsal view; B, E, head in front view; C, pronotum and anterior part of scutum in dorsal view; D, T2 in dorsal view; G, apex of flagellum. Scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Unexpected diversity in the Pseudepipona lativentris species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

FIGURE 3. Pseudepipona cretensis Blüthgen. A–C, ♀, paratype; D–F, ♂, paratype. A, D, habitus in dorsal view; B, E, head in front view; C, T2 in dorsal view; F, apex of flagellum.