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1,929 results for “ARMS”
FIGURE 15 in Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
FIGURE 15. Lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views. Ophiocten affinis, 1: proximal LAPs; 2: median LAPs; 3: distal LAPs. Ophiocten gracilis, 4: proximal LAPs; 5: median LAPs; 6: distal LAPs. Ophiocten sericeum, 7: proximal LAPs; 8: median LAPs; 9: distal LAPs.
FIGURE 4 in Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
FIGURE 4. Lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views of four adult, similarly sized specimens of Ophiocten gracilis. 1: proximal LAPs, dd=9.7 mm; 2: median LAPs, same specimen as on 1; 3: proximal LAPs, dd=8.1 mm; 4: median LAPs, same specimen as on 3; 5: proximal LAPs, dd=9.3 mm; 6: median LAPs, same specimen as on 5; 7: proximal LAPs, dd=8.6 mm; 8: median LAPs, same specimen as on 7. dd: disc diameter.
FIGURE 19 in Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
FIGURE 19. Median arm segments of Ophiura robusta in lateral view showing proximalmost arm spine transformed into a hook (A) and detail of a hook-shaped arm spine (B).
FIGURE 20 in Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
FIGURE 20. Lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views. Ophiopallas brevispina, 1: proximal LAPs; 2: median LAPs; 3: distal LAPs. Ophiopallas paradoxa, 4: proximal LAPs; 5: median LAPs; 6: distal LAPs. Ophiopallas valens, 7: proximal LAPs; 8: median LAPs.
FIGURE 23 in Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
FIGURE 23. Lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views. Ophiomyxa pentagona, 1: proximal LAPs; 2: median LAPs; 3: distal LAPs. Ophiolycus purpureus, 4: proximal LAPs; 5: median LAPs; 6: distal LAPs. Ophioscolex glacialis, 7: proximal LAPs; 8: median LAPs; 9: distal LAPs.
FIGURE 22 in Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification
FIGURE 22. Lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views. Ophioderma appressa, 1: proximal LAPs; 2: median LAPs; 3: distal LAPs. Ophioderma longicauda, 4: proximal LAPs; 5: median LAPs; 6: distal LAPs. Ophioderma panamensis, 7: proximal LAPs; 8: median LAPs; 9: distal LAPs.
Spatiotemporal determinants of response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy and immunochemotherapy in locally advanced mismatch repair proficient rectal cancer (TRIUNITE-01): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial
<p>This dataset contains the raw CyTOF images, gene expression RNAseq and clinic data associated with the paper "Spatiotemporal determinants of response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy and immunochemotherapy in locally advanced mismatch repair proficient rectal cancer (TRIUNITE-01): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial" (SHEN et al. 2024). The MCD files output by CyTOF IMC were exported to one TIFF per channel per sample.</p>
Reduced variable ARM interpolated sonde data April 2017- March 2022
<p>Tar bundle of reduced ARM interpolated sonde data from the SGP C1 site for Bath post-graduate Maths4DL projects.</p><p>Data presented as daily files in annual tar files.</p>
Bronze arm bracelet, Poggio Pinci, Asciano
Bronze arm bracelet. Rod of circular section, with thinned, crossing ends, in the form of small globes. The rod is decorated with 4 fish heads. 2nd - 1st c. BCE. Tomb II.468, Necropolis of Poggio Pinci, Asciano. Mangani 1983, n. cat. II, 176. Displayed at the Civic Museum of Archaeology and Sacred Art at Palazzo Corboli, Asciano. Processed in Reality Capture from 428 images. GDH ID No. case 01_468 This project was done under the authority of the Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Siena Grosseto e Arezzo in collaboration with Global Digital Heritage and the Municipality of Asciano. We thank the staff from Palazzo Corboli Museum for making the collection accessible and our work easier. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Woman With Outstretched Arms
Oil on canvas 30 x 20 cm 2018 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
High parasite diversity maintained after an alga-virus coevolutionary arms race
<p>Data and analysis files accompanying the paper 'High parasite diversity maintained after an alga-virus coevolutionary arms race' (Lievens, Kühn et al. 2024, <em>J Evol Biol</em>). Includes data and code for the phenotypes (host clone range, survival, growth) and genotypes (SNPs, copy number variation) of the virus isolates form the post-arms race phase of an experimental coevolution between <em>Chlorella variabilis</em> algae and PBCV-1 viruses.</p>
Dataset to "A method for the reproduction of cello bow kinematics using a robotic arm and motion capture"
<p>This dataset is related to the paper "A method for the reproduction of cello bow kinematics using a robotic arm and motion capture".</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>Recordings comparing a human performance and two robot performances (named case A and case B).</p> <ul> <li>Synchronised motion-capture data (time, bow markers, nut marker and bridge marker; Fs = 240 fps - .csv files)</li> <li>Synchronised audio recordings (sound in front of the instrument; Fs = 44100 Hz - .wav files)</li> <li>Music score</li> <li>Read-me file with further details</li> </ul>
The energetic basis for smooth human arm movements
<p>The central nervous system plans human reaching movements with stereotypically smooth kinematic trajectories and fairly consistent durations. Smoothness seems to be explained by accuracy as a primary movement objective, whereas duration seems to avoid excess energy expenditure. But energy does not explain smoothness, so that two aspects of the same movement are governed by seemingly incompatible objectives. Here we show that smoothness is actually economical, because humans expend more metabolic energy for jerkier motions. The proposed mechanism is an underappreciated cost proportional to the rate of muscle force production, for calcium transport to activate muscle. We experimentally tested that energy cost in humans (N=10) performing bimanual reaches cyclically. The empirical cost was then demonstrated to predict smooth, discrete reaches, previously attributed to accuracy alone. A mechanistic, physiologically measurable, energy cost may therefore unify smoothness and duration, and help resolve motor redundancy in reaching movements.</p>
Effect of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a three-armed randomized controlled trial
<p>STUDY QUESTION</p> <p>Does acupuncture improve insulin sensitivity more effectively than metformin or sham acupuncture in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR)?</p> <p>SUMMARY ANSWER</p> <p>Among women with PCOS and IR, acupuncture was not more effective than metformin or sham acupuncture in improving insulin sensitivity.</p> <p>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY</p> <p>Uncontrolled trials have shown that acupuncture improved insulin sensitivity with fewer side effects compared with metformin in women with PCOS and IR. However, data from randomized trials between acupuncture and metformin or sham acupuncture are lacking.</p> <p>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION</p> <p>This was a three-armed randomized controlled trial enrolling a total of 342 women with PCOS and IR from three hospitals between November 2015 and February 2018, with a 3-month follow-up until October 2018.</p> <p>PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS</p> <p>Women aged from 18 to 40 years with PCOS and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.14 were randomly assigned (n = 114 per group) to receive true acupuncture plus placebo (true acupuncture), metformin plus sham acupuncture (metformin, 0.5 g three times daily) or sham acupuncture plus placebo (sham acupuncture) for 4 months, with an additional 3-month follow-up. True or sham acupuncture was given three times per week, and 0.5 g metformin or placebo was given three times daily. The primary outcome was change in HOMA-IR from baseline to 4 months after baseline visit. Secondary outcomes included changes in the glucose AUC during an oral glucose tolerance test, BMI and side effects at 4 months after baseline visit.</p> <p>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE</p> <p>After 4 months of treatment, the changes of HOMA-IR were –0.5 (decreased 14.7%) in the true acupuncture group, –1.0 (decreased 25.0%) in the metformin group and –0.3 (decreased 8.6%) in the sham acupuncture group, when compared with baseline. True acupuncture is not as effective as metformin in improving HOMA-IR at 4 months after baseline visit (difference, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1–1.1). No significant difference was found in change in HOMA-IR between true and sham acupuncture groups at 4 months after baseline visit (difference, –0.2; 95% CI, –0.7 to 0.3). During the 4 months of treatment, gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent in the metformin group, including diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, fatigue, vomiting and stomach discomfort (31.6%, 13.2%, 11.4%, 8.8%, 14.0% and 8.8%, respectively). Bruising was more common in the true acupuncture group (14.9%).</p> <p>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION</p> <p>This study might have underestimated the sample size in the true acupuncture group with 4 months of treatment to enable detection of statistically significant changes in HOMA-IR with fixed acupuncture (i.e. a non-personalized protocol). Participants who withdrew because of pregnancy did not have further blood tests and this can introduce bias.</p> <p>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS</p> <p>True acupuncture did not improve insulin sensitivity as effectively as metformin in women with PCOS and IR, but it is better than metformin in improving glucose metabolism (which might reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes) and has less side effects. Metformin had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects than acupuncture groups, and thus acupuncture might be a non-pharmacological treatment with low risk for women with PCOS. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture combined with metformin on insulin sensitivity in these women.</p> <p>STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)</p> <p>This work was supported by grants 2017A020213004 and 2014A020221060 from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province. The authors have no conflicts of interest.</p> <p>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER</p> <p>Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02491333.</p> <p>TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE</p> <p>8 July 2015.</p> <p>DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLLMENT</p> <p>11 November 2015.</p>
Revisiting Lightweight Compiler Provenance Recovery on ARM Binaries
<p>This dataset is for Section 5.4 of the paper. The 32-bit ARM binaries and the objdumps we scraped from the package repositories of three Linux distributions were too large to upload to GitHub, unlike the rest of our data on our submission.</p> <p><strong>Size warning </strong>- when decompressed, this dataset is large. The following are the sizes of each subset before compression:</p> <ul> <li>centos-scrape: 2.2 GB</li> <li>centos-scrape-objdumps: 11.0 GB</li> <li>raspbian-scrape: 10.0 GB</li> <li>raspbian-scrape-objdumps: 52.1 GB</li> <li>ubuntu-scrape: 5.6 GB</li> <li>ubuntu-scrape-objdumps: 34.5 GB</li> </ul> <p>(Total size: 115.4 GB)</p> <p> </p>
Serial thin section movie of every third section from the DTC to the distal extensions of Sh1 in a young adult hermaphrodite posterior gonad arm
<p>Gap-junctional signaling mediates myriad cellular interactions in metazoans. Yet, how gap junctions control the positioning of cells in organs is not well understood. Innexins compose gap junctions in invertebrates and affect organ architecture. Here, we investigate the roles of gap-junctions in controlling distal somatic gonad architecture and its relationship to underlying germline stem cells in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. We show that a reduction of soma-germline gap-junctional activity causes displacement of distal sheath cells (Sh1) towards the distal end of the gonad. We confirm, by live imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and antibody staining, that bare regions – lacking somatic gonadal cell coverage of germ cells – are present between the distal tip cell (DTC) and Sh1, and we show that an innexin fusion protein used in a prior study encodes an antimorphic poisonous gap junction subunit that mispositions Sh1. We determine that, contrary to the model put forth in the prior study based on this fusion protein, Sh1 mispositioning does not markedly alter the position of the borders of the stem cell pool nor of the progenitor cell pool. Together, these results demonstrate that gap junctions can control the position of Sh1, but that Sh1 position is neither relevant for GLP-1/Notch signaling nor for the exit of germ cells from the stem cell pool.</p>
Figures for "Towards Improved Satellite Monitoring of Armed Conflicts"
<p>Figure 1. From space, VHR imagery from Planet and Maxar reveals the landscape effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. 1. Cars waiting at the Ukrainian-Hungarian border (Maxar technologies); 2. Active fires in Chernihiv (PlanetScope-2022/03/21); 3a. The North Crimean Channel without water pre-invasion (PlanetScope-2022/02/21); 3b. Filled with water post-invasion (PlanetScope-2022/03/24); 4. Burning apartment buildings in Mariupol (Maxar technologies). Maxar technologies images were obtained from https://www.maxar.com/ on April 5th, 2022. PlanetScope data were obtained under the University of Copenhagen license agreement PL-0030875_2021/2022. Because Maxar and Planetscope original images are commercial they can not be publicly shared but can be requested from the Maxar and Planet with the additional assistance of authors.</p> <p>Figure 2. A village and surrounding farmland in Ukraine’s Lviv Oblast are more difficult to discern in imagery from medium-resolution civilian Landsat-8 (USGS-2021/05/04) and Sentinel-2 (ESA-2021/05/11) satellites than in imagery from their commercial VHR counterparts (Dove/PlanetScope -2021/05/09 and SkySat-2021/05/09, both of which belong to Planet). Landsat-8 (USGS) and Sentinel-2 (ESA) are available via glovis.usgs.gov. PlanetScope data were obtained under the University of Copenhagen license agreement PL-0030875_2021/2022. SkySat imagery was obtained under special request from Planet. PlanetScope and SkySat original images are commercial they can not be publicly shared but can be requested from Planet with the additional assistance of authors.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Computational Modeling of Gluteus Medius Muscle Moment Arm in Caviomorph Rodents Reveals Ecomorphological Specializations
<p>The data stored in this repository allow the reproduction of the study described in the following. Vertebrate musculoskeletal locomotion is realized through lever-arm systems. The instantaneous muscle moment arm (IMMA), which is expected to be under selective pressure and thus of interest for ecomorphological studies, is a key aspect of these systems. The IMMA changes with joint motion and its length change is technically difficult to acquire—usually, proxies such as osteological in-levers are used instead—and has not been compared in a larger phylogenetic ecomorphology framework, yet. We used 18 species of the ecologically diverse clade of caviomorph rodents to test whether its diversity is reflected in the IMMA of the hip extensor M. gluteus medius. A large IMMA is beneficial for torque generation; a small IMMA facilitates fast joint excursion. We expected large IMMAs in scansorial species, small IMMAs in fossorial species, and somewhat intermediate IMMAs in cursorial species, depending on the relative importance of acceleration and joint angular velocity. We modelled the IMMA over the entire range of possible hip extensions and applied macroevolutionary model comparison to selected joint poses. We also obtained the osteological in-lever of the M. gluteus medius to compare it to the IMMA. At small hip extension, the IMMA was largest on average in scansorial species, while the other two lifestyles were similar. We interpret this as an emphasized need for increased hip joint torque when climbing on inclines, especially in a crouched posture. Cursorial species might benefit from a fast joint excursion, but their similarity with the fossorial species is difficult to interpret and could hint at ecological similarities. At larger extension angles, cursorial species displayed the second-largest IMMAs after scansorial species. The larger IMMA optimum results in powerful hip extension which coincides with forward acceleration at late stance beneficial for climbing, jumping, and escaping predators. This might be less relevant for a fossorial lifestyle. The results of the in-lever only matched the IMMA results of larger hip extension angles, suggesting that the modelling of the IMMA provides more nuanced insights into adaptations of musculoskeletal lever arm systems than this osteological proxy.</p>
Arms-race and fluctuating-selection dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria coevolving with phage OMKO1
<p class="MsoNormal">Experimental evolution studies have examined coevolutionary dynamics between bacteria and lytic phages, where two models for antagonistic coevolution dominate: arms-race dynamics (ARD) and fluctuating-selection dynamics (FSD). Here, we tested the ability for <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>to coevolve with phage OMKO1 during 10 passages in the laboratory; whether ARD versus FSD coevolution occurred; and how coevolution affected a predicted phenotypic trade-off between phage resistance and antibiotic sensitivity. We used a unique "deep" sampling design, where 96 bacterial clones per passage were obtained from the three replicate coevolving communities. Next, we examined phenotypic changes in growth ability, susceptibility to phage attack, and resistance against antibiotics. Results confirmed that the bacteria and phages coexisted throughout the study with one community undergoing ARD while the other two showed evidence for FSD. Surprisingly, only the ARD bacteria demonstrated the anticipated trade-off. Whole genome sequencing revealed that treatment populations of bacteria accrued more <em>de novo</em> mutations, relative to a control bacterial population. Additionally, coevolved bacteria presented mutations in genes for biosynthesis of flagella, type-IV pilus and lipopolysaccharide, with three mutations fixing contemporaneously with the occurrence of the phenotypic trade-off in the ARD-coevolved bacteria. Our study demonstrates that both ARD and FSD coevolution outcomes are possible in a single interacting bacteria-phage system, and that occurrence of predicted phage-driven evolutionary trade-offs may depend on the genetics underlying evolution of phage-resistance in bacteria. These results are relevant for the ongoing development of lytic phages, such as OMKO1, in personalized treatment of human patients, as an alternative to antibiotics. </p>
Number of gallery arms for oviposition by the tree-killing bark beetle Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
<p><em>Polygraphus</em> <em>proximus</em> Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non-aggressive monogynous bark beetle. It has caused mass mortality in fir (<em>Abies</em> spp.) forests in the past decade. Although gallery structures made by polygynous beetles may influence their reproductive success, the gallery structure and the number of eggs laid by the monogynous tree-killing bark beetle <em>P</em>. <em>proximus</em> have not been investigated in detail in the natural setting of their native range. We, therefore, investigated the length of mother galleries of <em>P</em>. <em>proximus</em> and the number of eggs oviposited by the beetles in relation to gallery systems with different numbers of arms in Japan. The number of eggs oviposited in two-armed galleries was significantly greater than that observed in one-armed galleries. Additionally, the length of one- or two-armed galleries with no oviposition was significantly shorter than that in galleries consisting of more than two arms. Our results suggest that the optimal number of arms in a gallery system (in terms of the number of eggs oviposited) was two.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.