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2,206 results for “Communications”
Data from: The evolutionary origins of natural pedagogy: Rhesus monkeys show sustained attention following nonsocial cues versus social communicative signals
<p>The natural pedagogy hypothesis proposes that human infants preferentially attend to communicative signals from others, facilitating rapid cultural learning. In this view, sensitivity to such signals are a uniquely human adaptation and as such nonhuman animals should not produce or utilize these communicative signals. We test these evolutionary predictions by examining sensitivity to communicative cues in 206 rhesus monkeys (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) using an expectancy looking time task modeled on prior work with infants. Monkeys observed a human actor who either made eye contact and vocalized to the monkey (<i>social cue</i>), or waved a fruit in front of her face and produced a tapping sound (<i>nonsocial cue</i>). The actor then either looked at an object (<i>referential look</i>) or looked towards empty space (<i>look away</i>). We found that, unlike human infants in analogous situations, rhesus monkeys looked longer at events following nonsocial cues, regardless of the demonstrator's subsequent looking behavior. Moreover, younger and older monkeys showed similar patterns of responses across development. These results provide support for the natural pedagogy hypothesis, while also highlighting evolutionary changes in human sensitivity to communicative signals.</p>
Data from: Treefrogs exploit temporal coherence to form perceptual objects of communication signals
<p>For many animals, navigating their environment requires an ability to organize continuous streams of sensory input into discrete "perceptual objects" that correspond to physical entities in visual and auditory scenes. The human visual and auditory systems follow several Gestalt laws of perceptual organization to bind constituent features into coherent perceptual objects. A largely unexplored question is whether nonhuman animals follow similar Gestalt laws in perceiving behaviorally relevant stimuli, such as communication signals. We used females of Cope's gray treefrog (<em>Hyla chrysoscelis</em>) to test the hypothesis that temporal coherence – a powerful Gestalt principle in human auditory scene analysis – promotes perceptual binding in forming auditory objects of species-typical vocalizations. According to the principle of temporal coherence, sound elements that start and stop at the same time or that modulate coherently over time are likely to become bound together into the same auditory object. We found that the natural temporal coherence between two spectral components of advertisement calls promotes their perceptual binding into auditory objects of advertisement calls. Our findings confirm the broad ecological validity of temporal coherence as a Gestalt law of auditory perceptual organization guiding the formation of biologically relevant perceptual objects in animal behavior.</p>
Epigenetic Profiling of Social Communication Trajectories and Co-occurring Mental Health Problems: A Prospective, Methylome-wide Association Study
<p>While previous studies suggest that both genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of autism-related traits, little is known about potential biological mechanisms underlying these associations. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined prospective associations between DNA methylation (DNAm: N-birth=804, N-age7=877) and trajectories of social communication deficits (8-17 years). Methylomic variation at three loci across the genome (false discovery rate=0.048) differentiated children following high (n=80) versus low (n=724) trajectories of social communication deficits. This differential DNAm was specific to the neonatal period and not observed at age 7. Associations between DNAm and trajectory membership remained robust after controlling for co-occurring mental health problems (i.e., hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems). The three loci identified at birth were not replicated in the Generation R Study. However, to the best of our knowledge, ALSPAC is the only study to date that is prospective enough to examine DNAm in relation to longitudinal trajectories of social communication deficits from late childhood to late adolescence. Although the present findings might point to potentially novel sites that differentiate between a high versus low trajectory of social communication deficits, the results should be considered tentative until further replicated.</p> <p>This dataset contains summary statistics for the methylome-wide association study using DNAm data collected from individuals at birth.</p> <p>Upload of this dataset was completed by The EWAS Catalog team. The data can be queried along with hundreds of other EWAS at ewascatalog.org. To upload your EWAS summary statistics and have a zenodo DOI generated for you go to ewascatalog.org/upload</p>
Environmental and morphological constraints interact to drive the evolution of communication signals in frogs
Animals show a rich diversity of signals and displays. Among the many selective forces driving the evolution of communication between individuals, one widely recognized factor is the structure of the environment in which signals are produced, transmitted and received. In particular, animals communicating by sounds often emit acoustic signals from specific locations, such as high up in the air, from the ground or in the water. The properties of these different display sites will impose different constraints on sound production and transmission and may therefore drive signal evolution. Here, we used comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the relationship between the display site properties and the structure of reproductive calls from 161 frog species from the frog families Ranidae, Leptodactylidae and Hylidae. Specifically, we compared the dominant frequency of species that vocalize from aquatic versus non-aquatic sites, and its relation with body size. We found that the dominant frequency of frogs calling from the water was lower than that of species calling outside of the water, a trend that was consistent across the three families studied. Furthermore, phylogenetic path analysis revealed that the call site had both direct and indirect effects on the dominant frequency. Indirect effects were mediated by call site influencing male body size, which in turn was negatively associated to call dominant frequency. Our results suggest that properties of display sites can drive signal evolution, most likely through morphological constraints, in particular the ones imposed on the sound production mechanism. Also, variation in body size between calling sites explained some of the differences we found in call frequency, highlighting the relevance of the interplay between morphological adaptation and signal evolution. Changes of display site may therefore have important evolutionary consequences, as it may influence sexual selection processes and ultimately may even promote speciation.
Data for dissemination and communication reporting_v2
<p>These data were collected through the periodic monitoring of the project's miscellaneous dissemination activities, such as publications in relevant journals, posts, etc. The data consist of a list that depicts the number of publications, posts, events organized or attended by the consortium partners, etc. as well as the number of different type of stakeholders reached by the project's dissemination activities. The purpose of collecting this data is to assess the outreach and efficiency of the dissemination activities during the implementation of the project.</p>
Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh: Findings of the population-based cross-sectional national survey 2018
<p><span><strong><span>Objectives:</span></strong> To determine the national prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population of Bangladesh. </span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Design: The study was a </span></strong>population-based national cross-sectional study.</span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Setting:</span></strong> This study used 496 primary sampling units (PSUs) developed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The PSUs were equally allocated to each division and urban and rural stratum within each division.</span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Participants:</span></strong> The participants were adults aged 18-69 years, who were usual residents of the households for at least six months, and stayed the night before the survey. Out of 9900 participants, 8185 (82.7%) completed STEP-1 and STEP-2, and 7208 took part in STEP-3. </span></p> <p><span><b>Primary and secondary outcome:</b> The prevalence of behavioral, physical, and biochemical risk factors of NCD. Data were weighted to generate national estimates.</span></p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Tobacco use was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the rural (45.2%) than the urban (38.8%) population. Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the urban (92.1%) than in the rural (88.9%) population. The mean salt intake per day was higher in the rural (9.0 gm) than urban (8.9 gm) population. Among all, 3.0% had no, 70.9% had 1-2, and 26.2% had ≥3 NCD risk factors. The urban population was more likely to have insufficient physical activity (AOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2–1.2), obesity (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.5–1.5), hypertension (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.3–1.3), diabetes (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.6–1.6), and hyperglycemia (AOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1–1.1).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the high prevalence of the behavioral, physical, and biochemical risk factors, diverse population and high-risk group targeted interventions are essential to combat the rising burden of NCDs. </p>
Communication 2.0: A new useful abstraction for enterprise architects
<p>It is safe to say that many, if not most, of modern organizations' issues, stem in one way or another from communication deficiencies. Thus it becomes strange to observe that the way we have been defining communication has primarily been left unchanged for the last 100 years.</p> <p>The telegraph discovery has resulted in a concrete definition, formalized in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Hartley_theorem">Shannon–Hartley theorem</a> (the left part of the diagram). In that way, communication is defined as transferring information from one entity to another, subject to noise en route. While this model represents necessary foundation - information transfer, it omits two other key points: a) Did the receiver (Person B) understand the message as intended by the sender (Person A)? b) Do the downstream actions (work) fulfill the criteria specified by the sender? This model is complex and involves several additional channels on top of instructions: negotiation, reporting, and feedback.</p> <p>Having such a view on communication in mind, enterprise architects and management consultants can work on communication problems in a more holistic and context-aware fashion.</p>
Systematic Literature Review results: PRISMA Statement Phases for Education and Communication based on Circular Economy and Bioenergy Literature
<p>Results of each phase of the prisma statement of the flow Diagram.</p>
Data file: Client-care provider interaction during labour and birth as experienced by women respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy.
<p>This dataset consists the data used for the study: Client-care provider interaction during labour and birth as experienced by women respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy.</p>
Novel Science communication – how to build public health knowledge across the social gradient. The Healthy Choices Project (WP5).
<p>Everyday life consists of hundreds of choices of which many may have an impact on our health. The citizens of the modern Nordic welfare states are in general well-educated and thus can be assumed to know what is best for them. Despite this our health care systems face an increasing burden of lifestyle related diseases and there is a difference across the social gradient. Here building public health knowledge through communication is key. The reason for people making unhealthy choices are many and can be that; they do not know what is good for them (lack information) or do not understand (lack understanding) or do not care (carelessness). However it seems likely that it is more complex than that. Maybe they do not receive the information, because gets conveyed through channels that they do not consult or maybe the format of the message does not ‘click’? Could it be, that ‘one media message or channel does not fit all’? </p> <p>Over the last decades there has been an increased focus from both scientists themselves and politicians to scientific and practical field of ‘science communication’. Consequently, various advanced modes of communicating e.g. health issues to the general populations have been developed, and today scholars of Mass Media term this development the ‘scientification’ of media. Furthermore, media and information availability has exploded since the emergence of the Internet in the early 1990s. Research has indicated that social gradient also is a factor affecting a person’s media consumption and habit. </p> <p>In the healthy choices project we aim through novel methods to learn more about these challenges and at the develop new methods of conveying public health knowledge to enable people to make healthier choices across the social gradient. We have so far built a framework for this including a science group, consisting of public health experts, and a communication group consisting of experienced science communicators. The Science group is consulted about risk factors and health endpoints and what to prioritize. Two PhD students will be involved in; 1) assessing media consumption and usage related to health issues across social classes (Low social gradient versus high social gradient) and across the generational gap (young and elderly) and 2) develop and test various media message formats for target groups including considerations of the social gradient. This project will provide new understanding on how to communicate public health messages and reduce social inequalities in health.</p> <p> </p>
A Case Study on the Communication of a Local Software Developer Team
<p>Raw data and scripts for the analysis of the paper "A Case Study on the Communication of a Local Software Developer Team"</p> <p>The files with the extension "list" contain the communication of the according channel. For example, "talks.list" contains all the recorded talks. The first two columns of a file contains the communication patners, the third column the date, the fourth the time of day. The sixth column contains the duration of a talk, the seventh column the rough topic, followed by the id of the event in column eight. Since often, additional developers entered the conversation, which we recorded as extra event, we have summarized the events to one conversation, denoted by the last column. That is, the last column contains the id of the conversation.</p> <p>The file analysis.Rmd contains the script that we used to analyze the data and create the plots. We used the library coronet (available at GitHub:https://github.com/ecklbarb/coronet/tree/read-data-from-company). The input data must have the folder structure as discribed in the Readme of the coronet project.</p> <p>The file analysis.Rmd must be copied in the folder of the coronet library.</p>
Data from: Synchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates
Conspicuous mating signals attract mates but also expose signalers to predators and parasites. Signal evolution, therefore, is driven by conflicting selective pressures from multiple receivers, both target and nontarget. Synchronization of mating signals, for example, is an evolutionary puzzle given the assumed high cost of reduced female attraction when signals overlap. Synchronization may be beneficial, however, if overlapping signals reduce attraction of nontarget receivers. We investigate how signal synchronization is shaped by the tradeoff between natural and sexual selection in two anuran species: pug-nosed tree frogs (<i>Smilisca sila</i>), in which males produce mating calls in near-perfect synchrony, and túngara frogs (<i>Engystomops pustulosus</i>), in which males alternate their calls. To examine the tradeoff imposed by signal synchronization, we conducted field and laboratory playback experiments on eavesdropping enemies (bats and midges) and target receivers (female frogs). Our results suggest that, while synchronization can be a general strategy for signalers to reduce their exposure to eavesdroppers, relaxed selection by females for unsynchronized calls is key to the evolution and maintenance of signal synchrony. This study highlights the role of relaxed selection in our understanding the origin of mating signals and displays.
Data from: Steller's jays assess and communicate about predator risk using detection cues and identity
Predators can vary in the risk they pose, depending upon the factors such as body size, maneuverability, hunting strategy, and diet. Prey can also detect predators with different senses, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling them. We presented wild Steller's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri annectens) with visual cues (robotic raptors) or acoustic cues (call playbacks) of 4 different raptors to test how they assess risk and how this influences their alarm calls. The assessment of risk from different predator cues varied with different species of raptors: Jays responded to sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) with an increase in latency to resume foraging regardless of whether they were seen or heard, whereas latency responses to northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) were longer if they were seen versus if they were heard. Furthermore, Steller's jays altered the acoustic structure of their alarm calls depending on the species of raptor and whether they saw or heard them. These results demonstrate that Steller's jay's assessment of risk involves an interaction between predator identity and predator detection cue and in response, they alter their acoustically-simple alarm calls in surprisingly nuanced ways.
Data from: Shaping communicative colour signals over evolutionary time
Many evolutionary forces can shape the evolution of communicative signals, and the long-term impact of each force may depend on relative timing and magnitude. We use a phylogenetic analysis to infer the history of blue belly patches of Sceloporus lizards, and a detailed spectrophotometric analysis of four species to explore the specific forces shaping evolutionary change. We find that the ancestor of Sceloporus had blue patches. We then focus on four species; the first evolutionary shift (captured by comparison of S. merriami and S. siniferus) represents an ancient loss of the belly patch by S. siniferus, and the second evolutionary shift, bounded by S. undulatus and S. virgatus, represents a more recent loss of blue belly patch by S. virgatus. Conspicuousness measurements suggest that the species with the recent loss (S. virgatus) is the least conspicuous. Results for two other species (S. siniferus and S. merriami) suggest that over longer periods of evolutionary time, new signal colours have arisen which minimize absolute contrast with the habitat while maximizing conspicuousness to a lizard receiver. Specifically, males of the species representing an ancient loss of blue patch (S. siniferus) are more conspicuous than are females in the UV, whereas S. merriami males have evolved a green element that makes their belly patches highly sexually dimorphic but no more conspicuous than the white bellies of S. merriami females. Thus, our results suggest that natural selection may act more immediately to reduce conspicuousness, whereas sexual selection may have a more complex impact on communicative signals through the introduction of new colours.
Generative AI in University Communication - Survey Data (June 2023)
<p>Der Datensatz mit dem Titel "Generative KI in der Hochschulkommunikation - Umfragedaten (Juni 2023)" erfasst Informationen zur Einführung und Nutzung von generativer künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Kontext der Hochschulkommunikation. Die Umfrage, die im Juni 2023 unter 318 deutschen Hochschulen durchgeführt wurde, von denen 101 geantwortet haben, untersucht verschiedene Aspekte, darunter Bekanntheit und Wissen über verschiedene KI-Tools (z.B. ChatGPT), Diskussionen in Gremien, das Vorhandensein von Richtlinien für die Nutzung, das Vorhandensein von Arbeitsgruppen für generative KI, strategische Ziele und Initiativen, Schulungsangebote für generative KI-Tools und die wahrgenommene Bedeutung von generativen KI-Tools in der Hochschulkommunikation. Ziel des Datensatzes ist es, Einblicke in die aktuelle Landschaft und Praxis der Integration generativer KI im universitären Umfeld zu geben.</p><p>The dataset, titled "Generative AI in University Communication - Survey Data (June 2023)," captures information related to the adoption and utilization of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of university communication. This survey, conducted in June 2023 among 318 German universities of which 101 responded, explores various aspects, including awarenes and knowledge of various AI tools (e.g. ChatGPT), discussions in committees, the existence of guidelines for usage, the presence of working groups for generative AI, strategic goals and initiatives, training offerings for generative AI tools, and the perceived importance of generative AI tools in university communication. The dataset aims to provide insights into the current landscape and practices regarding the integration of generative AI within university settings.</p><p> </p><p>More information here: <a href="https://www.hof.uni-halle.de/projekte/hochki/">https://www.hof.uni-halle.de/projekte/hochki/</a></p>
Communicating research - What could possibly go wrong?
<p>The results of scholarly research are typically communicated via<br /> research articles. Researchers (or anyone else) can usually get access<br /> to such an article only if they or their institutions have subscribed<br /> to the journal that the article is published in. There are thousands<br /> of such journals.<br /> <br /> This system of distributing research made perfect sense in the paper<br /> age, but keeping it this far into the digital age is a serious #Fail<br /> of the research system.<br /> <br /> The video features an interview focused on an alternative research<br /> communication system known as Open Access. It means that readers do<br /> not have to pay for accessing the articles, and that they can use the<br /> text and associated materials in any way they want, provided the<br /> original source and its open license are acknowledged.<br /> <br /> Such an interview is often edited before it is cut, just like the<br /> final published research articles only contain a heavily edited<br /> representation of the research they report on, with most of the<br /> process actually being hidden to other researchers and the public.<br /> <br /> We want to expose that process of only publishing polished versions -<br /> and discarding negative results on the go - by making the process<br /> visible that created this video, showing different takes all centred<br /> around the question "What is Open Access?".<br /> <br /> We think that published research should be accompanied by all the raw<br /> data, and to illustrate that, we are also uploading the unedited<br /> version of the interview via a platform for sharing research data.<br /> <br /> This is a contribution to http://www.fastforwardscience.de via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVq5o38sUGU<br /> <br /> Music: More Time by Mamavibe Reggae Vibration, http://www.jamendo.com/en/track/89201...<br /> CC BY 3.0<br /> <br /> Video under CC BY 4.0 Licence</p>
Data for Secure communication in IP-based wireless sensor networks via a trusted gateway publication
<p>This archive file contains the raw data obtained from Contiki sensor nodes during Cooja experiments in the folders e2e, terminate, terminate_1st and plaintext.</p> <p>The archive accompagnies the IEEE ISSNIP 2015 publication titled "Secure communication in IP-based wireless sensor networks via a trusted gateway" by Floris Van den Abeele, Tom Vandewinckele, Jeroen Hoebeke, Ingrid Moerman and Piet Demeester.</p> <p><br /> Also included is the data_parser python script that converts the raw data into CSV files that are parseable by R. The script contains the definitions of the contents of the raw data files.<br /> Finally, the R scripts that use the CSV files to generate the plots from the paper are also included.</p>
Research table for visualization of research performance of the German National Library of Science and Technology, German National Library of Medicine and German National Library of Economics via different communication channels
<p>A collection of data for (a practice) work during my studies for Bachelor. Since there wasn't much time given the data collection isn't as complete as it could be. Also, all text is in German.</p> <p>Definition of variables for data collection can be found in my finished work "How is reserach performance of the German National Library of Science and Technology, German National Library of Medicine and German National Library of Economics made visible via different communication channels; analysis of information of publication on official social media channels and news on offical webside" (in question to be published on Zenodo).</p> <p>Collected data from following official communication channels: Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Google +, Youtube, Flickr, LinkedIn, Research-Gate, Slideshare, repository and news on websites. For some channels not all data could be collected. Research period from 01.08.2016 to 01.02.2017 (half a year).</p>
Figure 1. from: Defining the Scholarly Commons - Reimagining Research Communication. Report of Force11 SCWG Workshop, Madrid, Spain, February 25-27, 2016 - Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e9340 (26 May 2016) https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e9340
Figure 1. - Demographic breakdown of workshop attendees
Figure 4. from: Defining the Scholarly Commons - Reimagining Research Communication. Report of Force11 SCWG Workshop, Madrid, Spain, February 25-27, 2016 - Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e9340 (26 May 2016) https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e9340
Figure 4. - Perspective Engine
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.