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FIGURE 9. Callorhynchocotyle amatoi. A. Whole mount. B in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 9. Callorhynchocotyle amatoi. A. Whole mount. B. Enlarged anterior section of whole mount. C. Enlarged mid-section of whole mount. Scale bars = 1000µm.
FIGURE 10 in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 10. Callorhynchocotyle amatoi sucker sclerites of complexes 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C), and hamulus (D). Scale bars: A = 260µm, B, C = 340µm, D = 50µm.
FIGURE 11 in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 11. Callorhynchocotyle sagamiensis sucker sclerites of complexes 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C), and hamulus (D). Scale bars: A, B, C = 360µm, D = 60µm.
FIGURE 8 in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 8. Callorhynchocotyle callorhynchi sucker sclerites of complexes 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C), and hamulus (D). Scale bars: A = 260µm, B, C = 350µm, D = 60µm.
FIGURE 3. Hamulus morphological measurements. A in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 3. Hamulus morphological measurements. A. Rectangular grid, total length; line a–b, total diameter; line c–d; hook shank length; line e–f, hook point length; line f–g, distal hook point width; line f–h. B. Outer aperture angle (x) from vertex (f) by rays f–g, f–i, Root base angle (y) from vertex (j) by rays j–k, j–l. C. Inner aperture angle (z) from vertex (h) by rays h–g, h– i. Aperture; line g–i, hook shank base width; line e–i, outer root shaft length; line i–m, inner root shaft length; line i–n, root base width; line m–n. Abbreviations as for Fig. 1.
FIGURE 6 in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 6. Callorhynchocotyle marplatensis sucker sclerites of complexes 1 (A), 2 (B) and 3 (C), and hamulus (D). Scale bars: A = 260µm, B, C = 340µm, D = 60µm.
FIGURE 2. Hexabothriid sucker sclerite hook morphological measurements. A in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 2. Hexabothriid sucker sclerite hook morphological measurements. A. Hook length; line a–b, hook aperture; line b– c, hook base width; line a–c. B. Hook curve length; line e–f. C. Hook aperture angle (x) from vertex (f) by rays f–b, f–c.
FIGURE 1. Hexabothriid sucker sclerite morphological measurements. A in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 1. Hexabothriid sucker sclerite morphological measurements. A. rectangular grid (quad), circumference length (cir), total length; line a–b, total diameter; line c–d. B. Shaft width; line e–f; inner diameter; line f–g. C. Shaft length; line h–i. D. Aperture angle (x) from vertex (f) by rays f–j, f–k. E. Hook-side curve length; line l–m; shaft-side curve length; line n–o. F. Aperture; line j–k. Other abbreviations: gui, guide line.
FIGURE 5. Callorhynchocotyle marplatensis. A. Whole mount. B in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 5. Callorhynchocotyle marplatensis. A. Whole mount. B. Enlarged anterior section of whole mount. C. Enlarged mid-section of whole mount. Abbreviations: ao, anterior section of ovary; ap, appendix; ci, cirrus; dv, distal portion of vagina; eg, egg; ep, excretory pore; i, intestinal caecum; ivt, indentation of ventral tegument surrounding ovate distal cirrus; ji, junction of caeca posterior to testes; oot, ootype; os, oral sucker; p, pharynx; po, posterior section of ovary; sr, seminal receptacle; t, testes; vas, vas deferens; vd, vitteline duct; vp, vaginal pore; 1–3, sucker-sclerite complexes 1–3. Scale bars = 1000µm.
FIGURE 4 in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 4. Principle Component Analysis plot (PCA) of all qualified character variables for the haptoral armature of all Callorhynchocotyle species excluding C. hydrolagi. Separations by component 1 are acted upon by decreasing sizes of the hamulus measurements and increasing sizes of sucker sclerites of all 3 sucker complexes. The function of the latter is likely to be influenced by the difference in sclerite symmetry of species parasitising representatives of Callorhynchidae and Chimaeridae. Separations by component 2 are acted upon significantly by sucker sclerites shape as a function of the relationship between length and diameter.
FIGURE 7. Callorhynchocotyle callorhynchi. A. Whole mount. B in Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano & Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids
FIGURE 7. Callorhynchocotyle callorhynchi. A. Whole mount. B. Enlarged anterior section of whole mount. C. Enlarged mid-section of whole mount. Abbreviations: eci, everted portion of cirrus; gic, genito-intestinal canal; ut, uterus; vl, loop of vas deferens. Scale bars = 1000µm.
FIGURES 16–24. Species easily confused with E. circulana. 16–18, Pelochrista scintillana. 19, P. fratruelis. 20–21, Phaneta verna. 22–24, P. a u t u m n a n a in The type species of Eucosma Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini)
FIGURES 16–24. Species easily confused with E. circulana. 16–18, Pelochrista scintillana. 19, P. fratruelis. 20–21, Phaneta verna. 22–24, P. a u t u m n a n a.
FIGURE 1. 1a in Anampses viridis Valenciennes 1840 (Pisces: Labridae) — a case of taxonomic confusion and mistaken extinction
FIGURE 1. 1a. Anampses caeruleopunctatus IP colour form, 164 mm SL, Marcus I., Japan (photo J.E.Randall). 1b. Anampses caeruleopunctatus IP colour form, underwater photograph, Sodwana Bay, South Africa (photo D. Polack).
FIGURE 2. 2a in Anampses viridis Valenciennes 1840 (Pisces: Labridae) — a case of taxonomic confusion and mistaken extinction
FIGURE 2. 2a. Anampses caeruleopunctatus TP colour form, 203 mm SL, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt (photo J.E.Randall). 2b. Anampses caeruleopunctatus TP colour form, underwater photograph, Sodwana Bay, South Africa (photo D. Polack).
FIGURE 5 in Anampses viridis Valenciennes 1840 (Pisces: Labridae) — a case of taxonomic confusion and mistaken extinction
FIGURE 5. Original ms drawing by Ehrenberg used by Valenciennes for his description of Anampses chlorostigma Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1840). Reproduction courtesy of Bibliothèque centrale, MNHN.
FIGURE 1 in Clarification of the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion about Arnica japonica L. f. and A. japonica Thunb. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
FIGURE 1. Lectotypes of Syneilesis palmata (A), Arnica japonica Thunb. (B), Gynura japonica (C), and Arnica japonica L. f. (D). A. UPS-THUNB 20005. B. UPS-THUNB 19996; the leftmost part (red arrow) belongs to Syneilesis sp., and the right three parts (blue arrows) are designated as the lectotype of Arnica japonica Thunb. C. UPS-THUNB 19669. D. LINN-HS 1322.1; inserted images show the enlarged annotations; the lower one reads "H L. fil. e Japonia Thunb.", and the upper one reads "Arnica japonica fol. pinnatifidi", with a word between "fol." and "pinnatifidi", seemingly "pedatifidi", being deleted.
Species of Acantholichen occurring only in the Neotropics show a high degree of endemism (Dal Forno et al. 2016). Of the seven species now recognized in this genus (Table 2), 71.4% (5) are known only from South America. As with Dictyonema, Acantholichen seem to be specific to substrate type and appears in the Andean small forest occurring on mosses in tree bark inhabiting mostly exposed habitats. Cyphellostereum is also represented by a high number of species restricted to the Neotropics [6 (66.6%)], while one is known only from North America, one from Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, and another species is known only from Borneo and Fiji (Table 2). It is probably due to their unusual appearance that these lichens are getting confused with free-living cyanobacteria colonies, and that there are still undescribed species in the Neotropics. in Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s.str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America
Species of Acantholichen occurring only in the Neotropics show a high degree of endemism (Dal Forno et al. 2016). Of the seven species now recognized in this genus (Table 2), 71.4% (5) are known only from South America. As with Dictyonema, Acantholichen seem to be specific to substrate type and appears in the Andean small forest occurring on mosses in tree bark inhabiting mostly exposed habitats. Cyphellostereum is also represented by a high number of species restricted to the Neotropics [6 (66.6%)], while one is known only from North America, one from Southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, and another species is known only from Borneo and Fiji (Table 2). It is probably due to their unusual appearance that these lichens are getting confused with free-living cyanobacteria colonies, and that there are still undescribed species in the Neotropics.
Data from: Confusion will be my epitaph: Genome-scale discordance stifles phylogenetic resolution of Holothuroidea
<p>Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are a diverse clade of echinoderms found from intertidal waters to the bottom of the deepest oceanic trenches. Their reduced skeletons and limited number of phylogenetically-informative traits have long obfuscated morphological classifications. Sanger-sequenced molecular datasets have also failed to constrain the position of major lineages. Noteworthy, topological uncertainty has hindered a resolution for Neoholothuriida, a highly diverse clade of Permo-Triassic age. We perform the first phylogenomic analysis of Holothuroidea, combining existing datasets with 12 novel transcriptomes. Using a highly-curated dataset of 1,100 orthologs, our efforts recapitulate previous results, struggling to resolve interrelationships among neoholothuriid clades. Three approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction (concatenation under both site-homogeneous and site-heterogeneous models, and coalescent-aware inference) result in alternative resolutions, all of which are recovered with strong support and across a range of datasets filtered for phylogenetic usefulness. We explore this intriguing result using gene-wise log-likelihood scores and attempt to correlate these with a large set of gene properties. While presenting novel ways of exploring and visualizing support for alternative trees, we are unable to discover significant predictors of topological preference, and our efforts fail to favor one topology. Neoholothuriid genomes seem to retain an amalgam of signals derived from multiple phylogenetic histories.</p>
Figure 11 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
Figure 11. Chaetogammarus trichiatus, ♂ (A–D, F–J) and ♀ (E, K), Shahe River, Krasnodar region. A–C, epimeral plates 1–3. D, E, telson. F, pleopod 1. G, retinacula of pleopod 1. H, uropod 1. I, uropod 2; J, K, uropod 3.
Figure 8 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
Figure 8. Chaetogammarus trichiatus, ♂ (A–C, F, G, I) and ♀ (D, E, H), Shahe River, Krasnodar region. A, antenna 1. B, accessory flagellum of antenna 1. C, D, antenna 2. E, F, gnathopod 1. G, distoventral corner of chela of gnathopod 1. H, I, gnathopod 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.