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2,721 results for “Connectivity”
Text-fig. 29. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of cf. Endressistemon sp. 1 (a, b), cf. Endressistemon sp. 2 (c, d) and cf. Endressistemon sp. 3 (e–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Two adhering stamens, each with a long, pointed extension of the connective; b) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen from stamen pair in (a); c) Fragment of stamen with prominent apical extension of the connective; d) Reticulate, apparently monocolpate, pollen in situ in stamen fragment in (c); e) Stamen with basifixed anther, perhaps sessile, and with prominent, wing-like apical extensions of the connective; note the dehisced thecae with the anther wall curved back; f, g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen in (e). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107780 (a, b), Catefica 49-S107784 (c, d), Catefica 49-S107781 (e–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, c, e), 6 Μm (b, d, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 29. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of cf. Endressistemon sp. 1 (a, b), cf. Endressistemon sp. 2 (c, d) and cf. Endressistemon sp. 3 (e–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Two adhering stamens, each with a long, pointed extension of the connective; b) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen from stamen pair in (a); c) Fragment of stamen with prominent apical extension of the connective; d) Reticulate, apparently monocolpate, pollen in situ in stamen fragment in (c); e) Stamen with basifixed anther, perhaps sessile, and with prominent, wing-like apical extensions of the connective; note the dehisced thecae with the anther wall curved back; f, g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen in (e). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107780 (a, b), Catefica 49-S107784 (c, d), Catefica 49-S107781 (e–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, c, e), 6 Μm (b, d, f, g).
Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g).
Non-reproductive dispersal: An important driver of migratory range dynamics and connectivity
<p>Dispersal is the primary ecological process underpinning spatial dynamics in motile species by generating flux in reproductive locations over time. In migratory species, dispersal can also occur around non-breeding ranges, but this form currently lacks a unifying theoretical framework. We present a novel conceptual model for dispersal in migrants that builds upon existing literature, differentiating 'reproductive' dispersal (i.e. changes in breeding locations) from 'non-reproductive' dispersal, which we define as movements resulting in inter-annual or inter-generational changes in non-breeding locations. Crucially, unlike reproductive dispersal where movement outcomes are naturally propagated between generations, the outcomes of non-reproductive dispersal can be non-heritable even if dispersers survive to reproduce. We simulate a non-social migratory population with a genetically-determined migratory programme to model how heritability of this program influences both migratory connectivity and range shift propensity. When exposed to spatially-uncoupled shifts in habitable ranges (i.e. seasonal climate niches shifting at different rates), long-term persistence of simulated populations required changes in migratory programmes to arise through heritable forms of non-reproductive dispersal (e.g. mutations in migratory gene complexes). By contrast, non-heritable dispersal mechanisms (e.g. weather drift, navigation errors) did not drive long-term shifts in non-breeding ranges, despite being a major component of realised dispersal and migratory connectivity patterns. Migratory connectivity metrics conflate these heritable and non-heritable drivers of non-reproductive dispersal and therefore have limited power in predicting spatial population responses to environmental change. Our models provide a framework for improving our understanding of spatial dynamics in migratory populations and highlight the importance of teasing apart the genetic or cultural mechanisms that drive inter-generational migratory variability in order to evaluate and predict range plasticity in migrants.</p>
A habitat connectivity reality check for fish physical habitat model results and decision making for river restoration
<ol> <li>Fish physical habitat models are a tool for guiding restoration efforts in lotic ecosystems but often they overestimate restoration outcomes because currently they do not incorporate habitat connectivity. This persistent issue can, in extreme cases, result in little or no improvement to fish populations after the restoration, wasting valuable conservation resources.</li> <li>We present a case study where practitioners applied a fish habitat model for multiple life history stages of gravel spawning fishes to a 52 kilometer stretch of the Iller River but did so at a microscale implementation (every 200 meters). This approach provided an opportunity to assess the connectivity of gravel spawning fishes to find suitable habitats for all life history stages and seasonal movements.</li> <li>We used the assessed habitat estimates (availability of distinct habitat types within the 200 m reaches) to calculate the minimum distance a fish would need to go as it hypothetically “grew up” from egg to full spawning adult. We call this technique a reality check as it results in a decisive understanding of which areas were ultimately necessary to fulfill the life cycle of gravel spawning fishes, which standard assessments do not show.</li> <li>Our results show that complete connectivity still require long movement distances for vulnerable life stages to find suitable habitat. This contradicts standard practice, as restoration schemes and decision making often assume that connectivity inherently leads to more fish production without added habitat restoration.</li> <li>We recommend practitioners should perform this habitat connectivity approach when assessments implement fish habitat suitability models at similar scales. As a result, decision makers can evaluate proposed restoration sites and measures more realistically.</li> </ol>
Connectivity Perception in Valladolid City
<p>Indicator calculated for the H2020 UrbanGreenUP project by GMV</p>
Cortex-wide neural dynamics predict behavioral states and provide a neural basis for resting-state dynamic functional connectivity
<p><strong>GENERAL INFORMATION</strong></p> <p>This data is described in the following publication: </p> <p><strong>Cortex-wide neural dynamics predict behavioral states and provide a neural basis for resting-state dynamic functional connectivity</strong>, Somayeh Shahsavarani<sup>1,2,5</sup>, David N. Thibodeaux<sup>1,5</sup>, Weihao Xu<sup>1</sup>, Sharon H. Kim<sup>1</sup>, Fatema Lodgher<sup>1</sup>, Chinwendu Nwokeabia<sup>1</sup>, Morgan Cambareri<sup>1</sup>, Alexis J. Yagielski<sup>1</sup>, Hanzhi T. Zhao<sup>1</sup>, Daniel A. Handwerker<sup>2</sup>, Javier Gonzalez-Castillo<sup>2</sup>, Peter A. Bandettini<sup>2,3</sup>, Elizabeth M. C. Hillman<sup>1,4,6,*</sup> Cell Reports (2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112527">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112527</a></p> <p><br> 1. Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA<br> 2. Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA<br> 3. Functional MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA<br> 4. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA<br> 5. These authors contributed equally<br> 6. Lead contact<br> *Correspondence: elizabeth.hillman@columbia.edu</p> <p>Preprocessing and analysis code that generated / can be used with this data is posted at: <br> GitHub: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860561">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860561</a></p> <p><strong>DATA OVERVIEW </strong></p> <p>This dataset comprises simultaneous neuronal and hemodynamic data collected using wide-field optical mapping (WFOM) techniques. The data were obtained from head-fixed mice that were allowed to behave spontaneously without any external stimulation. For more detail, please refer to the Readme file.</p>
Supporting code and data for: Proportion of forest area burned at high-severity increases with increasing forest cover and connectivity in western US watersheds
<p>This is the R code and shapefiles of the coniferous HUC-12 watersheds and their western US boundary for the publication, "Proportion of forest area burned at high-severity increases with increasing forest cover and connectivity in western US watersheds" </p>
Expanding China's protected areas network to enhance resilience of climate connectivity
<p>The code used for analysis, mammalian species occurrence points, prediction accuracy(AUC), and prediction distribution.</p> <p>Specifically,</p> <p>The main nodes are named "network efficiency.R" and "network efficiency_random.R", which can be run in RStudio software (download at https://posit.co/), and the files "hfp_expanded.csv" and "EN_length_expanded.net" are example data.</p> <p>"Terrestrial mammalian species occurrence points.csv" is the latitude and longitude coordinates of occurrence records.</p> <p>"AUC_prediction accuracy of Maxent.xlsx" is the prediction accuracy of each species in the Maxent model.</p> <p>"all_species_maxent.zip" is the composite terrestrial mammalian species distribution of equal weight overlapping the spatial distribution of each species ("each_species_maxent.zip").</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Extending the application of connectivity metrics within the framework of the characterization of the dynamic behaviour of a WDS subjected to users' activity
<p>Water distribution networks (WDNs) are complex combinations of nodes and links, and the current tendency is to modify their topological structure through the closure of isolation valves for monitoring and water quality reasons. For their analysis, several approaches based on graph theory have recently been proposed, mainly considering steady-state flow conditions. However, in their real functioning, WDNs are continuously subjected to pressure transients generated by manoeuvres on regulation devices or by users’ activity. This study investigates the application of some metrics from graph theory, already used in the context of steady-state analysis, for assessing the effects of changes in the topological structure of a network ‒ due for example to sectorization or branching operations ‒ on its transient response when subjected to manoeuvres on devices such as hydrants, pumps, etc. or users’ activity. The analysis shows that some connectivity metrics can effectively reflect the dynamic pressure behaviour of the network and, thus, provide useful indications for design and management operations taking into account unsteady flow features.</p>
Supplementary materials of "Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the Circumpolar area (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic)"
<p>Supplementary materials of the paper: Alexei S. Kassian, George Starostin, Mikhail Zhivlov, Sergey A. Spirin. Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the Circumpolar area (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic). <em>Journal of Historical Linguistics</em>, 2024, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.00014.kas">https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.00014.kas</a>. </p> <p>The Supplement includes the datasets, descriptions, comments and all technical files which makes our linguistic experiment fully reproducible:</p> <ul> <li>Supplement text (pdf): 1. Consonant classes; 2. Weighted permutation test; 3. Negative control and calibration of permutation test outcomes; 4. Pairwise comparison between Yeniseian, Burushaski and all the Na-Dene wordlists; 5. CC-matches in statistically significant pairs (Chukotian-Itelmen, Nivkh, Samoyed, Yukaghir, Yeniseian, Na-Dene, Burushaski); 6. Basic information on the language families and groups; 7. Linguistic comments on individual Swadesh forms; 8. Transcription system.</li> <li>Supplement tables (xls): 1. Stability of the Swadesh concepts; 2. 110-item wordlists for the languages of the Circumpolar area; 3. Weighted permutation test for the negative control group; 4. Consonant classes.</li> <li>Technical files of the permutation test: 1. Circumpolar languages; 2. Negative control group (incl. dataset); 3. Positive control group; 4. Yeniseian-Dene-Burushaski hypothesis</li> </ul> <p>The software package is available at <a href="https://github.com/dmkrylov/starling-permutation-test">https://github.com/dmkrylov/starling-permutation-test</a></p>
Data and code for: Spatial cell type enrichment predicts mouse brain connectivity
<p>A fundamental neuroscience topic is the link between the brain's molecular, cellular and cytoarchitectonic properties and structural connectivity (SC). Recent studies relate inter-regional connectivity to gene expression, but the relationship to regional cell-type distributions remains understudied. Here, we utilize whole-brain mapping of neuronal and non-neuronal subtypes via the Matrix Inversion and Subset Selection (MISS) algorithm to model inter-regional connectivity as a function of regional cell-type composition with machine learning. We deployed random forest algorithms for predicting connectivity from cell type densities, demonstrating surprisingly strong prediction accuracy of cell types in general and particular cells like oligodendrocytes. We found evidence of a strong distance-dependency in the cell-connectivity relationship, with layer-specific excitatory neurons contributing the most for long-range connectivity, while vascular and astroglia are salient for short-range connections. Our results demonstrate a link between cell types and connectivity, providing a roadmap for examining this relationship in other species, including humans.</p>
Freshwater connectivity transforms spatially integrated signals of biodiversity
<p>Aquatic ecosystems offer a continuum of water flow from headwater streams to inland lakes and coastal marine systems. This spatial connectivity influences the structure, function and dynamics of aquatic communities, which are among the most threatened and degraded on earth. Here, we determine the spatial resolution of eDNA in dendritic freshwater networks, which we use as a model for connected metacommunities. Our intensive sampling campaign comprised over 430 eDNA samples across 21 connected lakes, allowing us to analyse detections at a variety of scales, from different habitats within a lake to entire lake networks. We found strong signals of within-lake variation in eDNA distribution reflective of typical habitat use by both fish and zooplankton. Most importantly, we also found that connecting channels between lakes resulted in an accumulation of downstream eDNA detections in lakes with a higher number of inflows, and as networks increased in length. Environmental DNA achieves biodiversity surveys in these habitats in a high-throughput, spatially integrated way. These findings have profound implications for the interpretation of eDNA detections in aquatic ecosystems in global-scale biodiversity monitoring observations.</p>
Large females connect Atlantic cod spawning sites
<p>In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to monitor the movements of mature Atlantic cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>) during the winter spawining season. The fish were captured in traps with the help of a local fisher, and released near their point of capture after tagging and body size measurements. Fish detection data were downloaded from the moored receivers twice per year, before and after the spawning season. The acoustic receivers were distributed among several known inshore spawning grounds, and we used network analyses to quantify how individual cod moved at a finer and broader scale among these sites. Movement traits representing connectivity were used as response variables in the statistical analyses, while body size measurements, residency (time spent within the array), tagging location and year, were tried as predictors. </p>
Connected Healthcare for Individuals Living at Home With Chronic Conditions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04339296. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Connecting Youth and Young Adults to Optimize ART Adherence: YouTHrive Efficacy Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03149757. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Connecting Alaska Native People to Quit Smoking
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03645941. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Prospective Elimination Of Distal Coronary Sinus-Left Atrial Connections for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03646643. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Connect for Caregivers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04919070. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of MHV370 in Participants With Sjogren's Syndrome (SjS) or Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04988087. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 2.
Get Connected Efficacy Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03132415. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.