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427 results for “Ectoparasite”
Figure 5 in Detection and characterization of zoonotic Bartonella spp. in rodents and shrews ectoparasites from Kigoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania
Figure 5: Median-joining network showing the evolutionary relationships and likely ancestral networks among Bartonella haplotypes based on the 379-bp sequence of gltA gene from fleas (FTZ), ticks (TTZ), and lice (LTZ) hosts.
Figure 4 in Detection and characterization of zoonotic Bartonella spp. in rodents and shrews ectoparasites from Kigoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania
Figure 4: Phylogenetic tree showing the relatedness of the Bartonella gltA gene sequences detected from rodents and shrews ectoparasites; fleas (FTZ), lice (LTZ), and ticks (TTZ) along with reference sequences from the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−1773.15) is shown. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA 11 (2021). The detected Bartonella genotypes and their sources in this study are indicated by nodes of different colors.
FIGURES 5–7 in A new genus and species of Trombidiinae (Acari: Trombidiidae) described from larvae ectoparasitic on aphid from Iran
FIGURES 5–7. Azaritrombium raphanicum Saboori, Bagheri & Haddad, sp. n. (larva). (5) Leg III, Femurtarsus; (6) Leg II, Femurtarsus; (7) Leg I, Femurtarsus.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of Trombidiinae (Acari: Trombidiidae) described from larvae ectoparasitic on aphid from Iran
FIGURE 1. Azaritrombium raphanicum Saboori, Bagheri & Haddad, sp. n. (larva). Idiosoma, dorsal view.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and species of Trombidiinae (Acari: Trombidiidae) described from larvae ectoparasitic on aphid from Iran
FIGURE 2. Azaritrombium raphanicum Saboori, Bagheri & Haddad, sp. n. (larva). Idiosoma and gnathosoma, ventral view.
FIGURES 3–4 in A new genus and species of Trombidiinae (Acari: Trombidiidae) described from larvae ectoparasitic on aphid from Iran
FIGURES 3–4. Azaritrombium raphanicum Saboori, Bagheri & Haddad, sp. n. (larva). (3) Palptibia, dorsal view; (4) Palpal tibia and tarsus, ventral view.
Figure 3 in Ectoparasitism and phoresy in Thysanoptera: the case of Aulacothrips dictyotus (Heterothripidae) in the Neotropical savanna
Figure 3. (A) Arrows indicate two adult thrips (Aulacothrips dictyotus) next to an adult membracid (Enchenopa brasiliensis) tended by a Camponotus sp.1 ant on a leaf of Solanum lycocarpum in the Neotropical savanna; (B) the arrow indicates the red larva of A. dictyotus fixed on the ventral part of a membracid nymph body; (C) a host-free thrip larva approaching from the side of an adult membracid; (D) the arrows indicate the convoluted and continuous sensoria on adult thrip antennae.
Figure 2 in Ectoparasitism and phoresy in Thysanoptera: the case of Aulacothrips dictyotus (Heterothripidae) in the Neotropical savanna
Figure 2. The number of Enchenopa brasiliensis adults and nymphs supporting Aulacothrips dictyotus. Infestation by thrips was higher in membracid nymphs, as indicated by ∗ upon the bar.
Figure 1 in Ectoparasitism and phoresy in Thysanoptera: the case of Aulacothrips dictyotus (Heterothripidae) in the Neotropical savanna
Figure 1. The number (¯X ± 1SD) of adult and immature (A) Enchenopa brasiliensis and (B) Aulacothrips dictyotus found on Solanum lycocarpum. (∗ upon the bars indicates statistically significant differences).
Predictors of individual performance and evolutionary potential of life-history traits in a hematophagous ectoparasite
<p>Little is known about the intraspecific variation of parasite life-history traits and on how this variation may affect parasite fitness and evolution. We investigated how life-history traits predict success of individual tree-hole ticks <i>Ixodes arboricola</i> and estimated their evolutionary potential, as well as genetic correlations within stages and phenotypic correlations within and across stages. Ticks were followed individually over two generations while allowed to feed on great tits <i>Parus major</i>. After accounting for host and tick maternal effects, we found that short feeding times and high engorgement weights strongly increased moulting success. Also, moulting time was positively correlated with feeding success in adults. In larvae and nymphs we found negative phenotypic correlations between engorgement weight and both feeding and moulting time, the latter supported by a negative genetic correlation. We found sex-related differences in feeding time (longer in male nymphs) and moulting time (longer in male larvae but shorter in male nymphs). Also, time since the last feeding event (set experimentally) reduced larval and nymphal fitness while it increased adult female fitness. Furthermore, we found significant heritability and evolvability, i.e. the potential to respond to selection, for engorgement weight and moulting time across all stages but no significant heritability for feeding time. Our findings suggest that variation in tick fitness is shaped by consistent individual differences in tick quality, for which engorgement weight is a good proxy, rather than by life-history trade-offs.</p>
Experimental ectoparasite removal has a sex-specific effect on nestling telomere length
<p>Parasites are a strong selective force that can influence fitness-related traits. The length of chromosome-capping telomeres can be used to assess the long-term costs of parasitism, as telomere loss accelerates in response to environmental stressors and often precedes poorer survival prospects. Here, we explored the sex-specific effects of ectoparasite removal on morphology and telomere length in nestling tree swallows (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>). To do so, we experimentally removed blowfly (<em>Protocalliphora</em> spp.) larvae from nests using Permethrin, a broad-spectrum insecticide. Compared to water-treated controls, insecticide treatment of nests had a sex-biased effect on blood telomere length: ectoparasite removal resulted in significantly longer telomeres in males but not females. While this treatment did not influence nestling body mass, it was associated with reduced feather development regardless of sex. This may reflect a relaxed pressure to fledge quickly in the absence of parasites, or alternatively, could be a negative side effect of permethrin on morphology. Exploring robust sex-specific telomere dynamics in response to early-life environmental pressures such as parasitism will shed light on sexual dimorphism in adult life histories and ageing.</p>
FIGURE 8 in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 8. Upper region structure of T. hexasporodochia sp. nov. A. Confocal stack image showing position of sporodochia on the ventral surface of Amitermes worker abdomen with six prominent elliptical sporodochia of T. hexasporodochia sp. nov. on ventral sternites 4, 5, and 6. Thick dark expiculum present along the periphery of each lesion. B. Confocal stack image just below the pad surface, showing sporodochia appears densely populated with 12,000–14,000 hexagonal pores (textura angularis), with the conidial spores (Cs) visible within each tubular hymenial channel leading to the apical pore. C. SEM image showing apical most surface of the hexagonal honeycomb of phialides, in contrast to the smooth, crust like expiculum (Ex) 4- Phialides terminate in two blunt bivalved flaps (Bf) that appear as two isosceles trapezoidal flaps that combine to form a hexagonal unit. Scale bars: C-100 μm, D-4 μm. Photographed by Steve Davis.
FIGURE 7. Phialide and spores SEM. A in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 7. Phialide and spores SEM. A. internal surface of the hymenial phialide, with dense minute filamentous coating B. Sporogenous structure prior to endogenous division at conidiogenous loci. C. Rectangular, catenate conidial spores located beyond the conidiogenous locus indicated by arrow. Scale bars: A—500 nm, B—3.0 μm, C—2 μm. Photographed by Steve Davis.
FIGURE 6 in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 6. Microscopic ultrastructure of T. hexasporodochia sp. nov. sporodochium. A. Transverse section of a single sporodochium resting upon the cuticle of the host. B. Transverse view of the bivalve flap terminations of the phialides. C. Rectangular conidia assemblage within the phialide are formed endogenously and in basipetal succession D. Fixed conidiogenous locus in which spore differentiation occurs (Cl) E. Basal region of the sporodochium in right corner of image showing initial phialidic growth, and left bottom of image shows thick haustorial layer (Hs) extending below the host cuticle (termite). F. Host cuticle (Hc) with underlaying haustoria. Scale bars: A—100 μm, B—5 μm, C—10 μm, D—50 μm, E—30 μm. Photographed by Steve Davis.
FIGURE 5. Sporodochial layers CLSM. A in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 5. Sporodochial layers CLSM. A. Upper region (UR), Sporogenous Region composed of a phialidic hymenium (SR), Basal region (BR) composed of haustorial mother cells and subhymenial layer that gives rise to SR. B. Basal most layer above insect cuticle 4-5 rows thick. White circle indicates thick haustorial mother cells that give rise to a subcuticular layer of haustoria that penetrates the host cuticle. White arrows indicate major penetration points between T. hexasporodochia sp. nov. and host cuticle. C. Confocal stack of tetralocular junctures between host cuticle and parasite. Photographed by Steve Davis.
FIGURE 3. T in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 3. T. hexasporodochia sp. nov. host. A. Dorsal view of soldier and worker caste morphology useful in termite species identification. Ventral view of un-infested worker and location of paired sporodochia on abdominal segments 4-6 on infested workers (rare). Corresponding confocal images of longitudinal abdominal muscles included on far right of figure, with apparent abdominal swelling in infested worker muscle. B. Light microscope images of intact un-infested termite worker and infested termite worker intact. Scale bars: 500 μm, 500 μm, 100 μm. Photographed by Steve Davis. Illustrated by Megan Wilson.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 1. Sporodochia forms. Schematic of various sporodochia lesions and positions. Representative forms are not exclusively found on these positions on the host, lesions can form on any external surface. Illustrated by Megan Wilson.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 2. Locality images and map, for termite host and fungi. Type- habitat, and map of Rupununi River Region locality. Photographed by Megan Wilson.
FIGURE 4 in Description of a novel termite ectoparasite, Termitaria hexasporodochia sp. nov. (Kathistaceae), presenting an unusual six-sectioned infestation, and a key to the fungal family Kathistaceae
FIGURE 4 Structural schematic of T. hexasporodochia sp. nov. Sporodochium section, (T=Transverse) in situ on its Amitermes host. SEM and Confocal images included for reference. Abbreviations used; Bm—Basement membrane, Hs—Haustoria, Hmc—Haustorial mother cells, Hp—Hymenial phialides, Cl—Conidigenous locus, Conidial spores, Phialide tips. Scale bars: sporodochium: 100 μm, hymenium: 30 μm. Illustrated by Steve Davis.
FIG. 2 in Postnatal variation in ectoparasite (Spinturnix emarginata) load in neonates of Geoffroy's bat (Myotis emarginatus): how fast do young bats become infested with ectoparasites?
FIG. 2. Relationship between mite load and body mass in male (Ì) and female (u) neonates of M. emarginatus measured in nine sampling occasions in the Kerend cave, western Iran
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