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Fig. 1 in The ammonoid recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran-Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan

Fig. 1. Study areas: 1, Iran−Transcaucasia area; 2, Siberia and northern Russian Far East; 3, southern Russian Far East (South Primorye and Amur River); 4, Mangyshlak, Kazakhstan.

Fig. 2 in The ammonoid recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran-Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan

Fig. 2. View of the Permian–Triassic sequences of the section from the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian Hambast (H) Formation to latest Changhsigian– Induan Elikah (E) Formation at the Hambast region, 28 km to south−western of the village of Abaraku, Abadeh, Central Iran.

Fig. 8 in The ammonoid recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran-Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan

Fig. 8. Suture lines of some Prolecanitida. A. Mesohedenstroemia olgae sp. nov., DVGI 2/851 (holotype), height 18.4 mm; Lower Olenekian, Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis Zone; SMID quarry at the Artyom environs, south Primorye. B, C. Hedenstroemia tscherskii (Popov, 1961). Lower Olenekian, Lepiskites kolymensis Zone; Kenyelichi River, Kolyma River basin. B. DVGI 256−3b, height 60.0 mm (B1) and 73.0 mm (B2). C. DVGI 255−19c, height 73.0 mm. Abbreviations: D, dorsal lobe; I, inner lateral lobe; L, lateral lobe; U, umbilical lobe; V, ventral lobe.

Fig. 11 in The ammonoid recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran-Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan

Fig. 11. Suggested phylogenetic relationships in the Changhsingian–Olenekian goniatitid, prolecanitid, ceratitid, and phylloceratid ammonoid superfamilies and families.

Fig. 9 in The ammonoid recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran-Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan

Fig. 9. Some Early Olenekian Prolecanitida, Ceratitida, and Phylloceratida from Lower Olenekian, Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis Zone; SMID quarry at the Artyom environs, South Primorye. A. Prolecantid Mesohedenstroemia olgae sp. nov., DVGI 2/851 (holotype), right lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. Ceratitid Inyoites sedini sp. nov., DVGI 1/851 (holotype). C. Phylloceratid Subbalhaeceras shigetai gen. and sp. nov., DVGI 2/851 (holotype), right lateral (C1), left lateral (C2), ventral (C3) views.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Extinction Rebellion Finland (Elokapina) Post-Repression Twitter Activity and Network Patterns

Overview This repository contains two time series data sets of activity levels and network patterns on Finnish climate Twitter for the period of July 18, 2020 to February 11, 2022. First, there is a day-level data set (574 days) containing Twitter activity levels of climate activists and non-activists. Second, there is a week-level data set (81 weeks) containing estimated coefficients for various network effects from exponential random graph models (ERGM) fit to retweet networks. For details, including definitions of activist/non-activist and the ERGM specifications, please see the referenced work: "Social Media Affordances Sustain Social Movements Facing Repression: Evidence from Climate Activism", detailed below.   Data Set Details `raw_daily_counts.csv` contains the following variables at the day level. <ul> <li>date: from 2020-07-25 to 2022-02-11</li> <li>activity_activist: the daily activity count of activist users on Finnish climate Twitter</li> <li>activity_nonactivist: the daily activity count of non-activist users on Finnish climate Twitter</li> <li>users_activist: the daily count of activist users on Finnish climate Twitter</li> <li>users_nonactivist: the daily count of non-activist users on Finnish climate Twitter</li> </ul> `weekly_ERGM_coefficients.csv` contains a subset of estimated coefficients from ERGMs of weekly retweet networks from Finnish climate Twitter. The data set contains the following variables (coefficients), not all of which are from the same model specification. <ul> <li>week: starting with week 2 (2020-07-25 to 2020-07-31) and ending with week 82 (2022-02-05 to 2022-02-11)</li> <li>political_activity_activist: activists retweeting politically relevant users</li> <li>political_activity_nonactivist: non-activists retweeting politically relevant users</li> <li>gwidegree0_activist: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork</li> <li>gwidegree0_nonactivist: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the non-activist subnetwork</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh3: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh4: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh5: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh6: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh7: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh8: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> <li>gwidegree0_activistsub_thresh9: geometrically weighted in-degree (decay = 0) for the activist subnetwork with an activity level requirement for activists</li> </ul>   References Please reference the original study when using this data set. Savolainen, Sonja, Ville P. Saarinen, and Ted Hsuan Yun Chen. 2024. “Social Media Affordances Sustain Social Movements Facing Repression: Evidence from Climate Activism.” <a href="https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/p4yvk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">doi:10.31235/osf.io/p4yvk</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Short communications Extinct or not extinct: the case of the Chalcides ocellatus (Squamata: Scincidae) population from the Park of the ex Bourbonic Royal Palace of Portici (Naples, Italy)

Fig. 1 - Comparison among the anterolateral spines of: A) Ranina sp. (MSNM i28047), "Serre di Rapolano" (Siena). B) Ranina propinqua Ristori, 1891 (MSNM i28012), Orzalune-Cottano (Orvieto). C) Ranina propinqua Ristori, 1891 (MUSNAF 7075), Fabro Scalo (Terni). D) Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1758), Indo-Pacific area.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Short communications Extinct or not extinct: the case of the Chalcides ocellatus (Squamata: Scincidae) population from the Park of the ex Bourbonic Royal Palace of Portici (Naples, Italy)

Fig. 2 - Ranina sp., MSNM i28045. A) Carapace in dorsal view. (x 3.2). B) Close-up view of the dorsal ornamentation.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Short communications Extinct or not extinct: the case of the Chalcides ocellatus (Squamata: Scincidae) population from the Park of the ex Bourbonic Royal Palace of Portici (Naples, Italy)

Fig. 1 - Petrochirus fabroensis Pasini, Garassino & De Angeli in Baldanza et al. (2014), MSNM i28044. A) right cheliped in outer view. B) right cheliped in inner view. (x 3).

Fig. 2 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 2. Comparison between helminth parasite diversity (for Acantocephala, Cestoda, Monogenea, Nematoda and Trematoda) in vertebrates (amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles) estimated using, respectively, the approach by Poulin and Morand (2004) (dark grey) and the more recent approach proposed by Strona and Fattorini (2014a) (light grey). Data were obtained from Table 1 in Strona and Fattorini (2014a).

Fig. 7 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of the possible different parasitological consequences of a biological invasion. A: The invader loses its parasite and does not get local parasites; B: The invader loses its parasites and gets new ones from native hosts; C: The invader retains its parasites and these establish new symbioses with local species; D: The invader retains its parasites and acquire new parasites from local hosts; its parasites establish new symbioses with local host species; E: The invader does not lose its parasites, does not get new ones from native hosts, and its parasites do not expand their host range.

Fig. 6 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 6. Example of asymmetry of interactions as observed in all host parasite records available from FishPest dataset (Strona and Lafferty, 2012). The graph shows the relationship between the maximum specificity of the parasites using a certain host species, and the parasite richness on that host species. Boxplots correspond to different classes of hosts identified on the basis of the maximum specificity of their parasites. Thus, the first boxplot provides information on parasite species richness of all fish species whose most specific parasite uses just one host. It is apparent that specific parasites tend to use hosts harboring many parasites, while species-poor parasitofaunas are often composed by generalist parasites. Boxes indicate first and third quartiles, whiskers indicate range values, and horizontal lines indicate median values.

Fig. 5 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 5. Graph showing the relationship between fish parasite specificity and the corresponding average vulnerability of the hosts used by those parasites. Data were obtained using the same data and procedure as in Strona et al. (2013), computing mean host vulnerability values for different parasite host range classes. Differently from Strona et al. (2013), however, classes were defined using a logarithmic progression instead of a geometric one, resulting in an even tighter relationship between log(host range) and mean host vulnerability (rs = 0.93; p <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 3. Distribution of parasite specificity expressed as the logarithm of host range size in fish (A) and terrestrial vertebrates (B). Data for fish parasites (Acantocephala, Cestoda, Monogenea, Nematoda and Trematoda) were collected from FishPest (Strona and Lafferty, 2012). Data for parasites of terrestrial vertebrates (Acantocephala, Cestoda, Nematoda and Trematoda for amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles) were collected from the Natural Museum History database (http://www.nhm.ac.uk). Since (as to June 11th 2015) all amphibians in the database are erroneously classified as reptiles, information was corrected using Catalogue of Life (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Y-axes indicate parasite species numbers.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2018View details →

A compendium of extinction curves for simple galactic geometries

This is a tabulation of dust extinction curves for simple galactic geometries computed using the Hyperion radiative transfer package. Full details of the calculations and the file structure can be found <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1iJomvqPjdcI9pjlpnovtx4_GpGGMVZB9">here</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2002View details →

Fig.2. A in Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America

Fig.2. A.StratigraphicintervalinupperHanoverShaleatGladeCreekthatcontainsUpperKellwasserInterval,Frasnian–Famennianboundary,andbrachiopod bed. Rose diagram is orientation of long axis of lingulid (Barroisella) valves on the bedding surface. Numbers to the right of the stratigraphic section denote bad thickness (in cm). B. Photograph of brachiopod−bearing bedding surface showing partially exfoliated ventral valves of the chonetid brachiopod Retichonetes aff. R. obscurus. C. Cross section of brachiopod−rich horizon. The dark band in the center of the cross section is pyrite−rich.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2002View details →

Fig. 4 in Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America

Fig. 4. Brachiopods from the shell bed in the Hanover Shale Member of the Java Formation. A–D. Retichonetes aff. S. obscurus Cooper and Dutro, 1982. A. Internal mold of dorsal valve, NYSM 15704 with low medial myophragm, simple sockets flanking the pit near base of cardinal process, × 5.4. B. Upper exteriorviewofdorsalvalve,NYSM15710,×4.8. C.Internalmoldofdorsalvalve,NYSM15705,×7. D.Ventralvalveshowingcostellaewithcrushedand distorted ventral valve of Ambocoelia cf. A. gregaria in upper left, NYSM 15718, × 3.3. E. Tylothyris mesacostalis (Hall, 1867), view of dorsal valve showing centric lamellose ornament and central groove on fold, NYSM 15711, × 2.3. F, G. Praewaagenoconcha speciosa (Hall, 1867). F. Internal mold of dorsal valve with impression of medial myophragm and rugae along the postero−lateral margin, NYSM 15706, × 1.7. G. External mold of dorsal valve showing radial spine bases with some exfoliated shell material, NYSM 15695, × 1.5. H, I. Cyrtospirifer hornellensis Greiner, 1957. H. Exfoliated dorsal valve showing extended postero−lateral extremity, NYSM 15692. I. Ventral valve, NYSM 15691; both × 1.8. J. Ambocoelia cf. A. gregaria Hall, 1867, upper view of flattened dorsal valve showing dorsal groove, NYSM 15719 × 3.5.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2002View details →

Fig. 3 in Post-extinction survivor fauna from the lowermost Famennian of eastern North America

Fig. 3. Brachiopod fauna of the shell bed in upper Hanover Shale Member of the Java Formation. A. Schizophoria (S.) sp. upper view of exfoliated ventral valve, NYSM 15701, × 1.7. B–D. Thiemella leonensis (Hall, 1867). B. Dorsal valve of juvenile specimen, NYSM 15722, × 4.6. C. Ventral valve, NYSM 15694,×2. D.Ventralviewofnearlycompleteshellextractedfrommoldiccavitytoleft,NYSM15699,×2.2.E, F. Ripidiorhynchus?sp. E.Upperviewofventralvalvewithplicaextendingfromanteriormargintobeakofvalve,NYSM15723,×2. F.Partialventralvalveshowingmedialandleftlateralflankplications, NYSM15724,×2. G. Chapinella?sp.,ventralvalvewithlateralplicationsnearshellmargin,NYSM15727,×2. H.Genusandspeciesuncertain,ventralvalve withradialplicaextendingfromanteriorandlateralmarginstobeakofNYSM15728,×4. I, J. Praewaagenoconcha speciosa (Hall,1867). I.Interiorofdorsal valve showing bilobed cardinal process, NYSM 15696, × 2. J. Upper view of ventral valve showing quincuncially arranged spines, NYSM 15697, × 2.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Figure 1 in Evidence of an Undescribed, Extinct Philodoria Species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from Hawaiian Hesperomannia Herbarium Specimens

Figure 1. Philodoria pupal tents on the adaxial surface of Hesperomannia arborescens leaves from Lanai (BISH1022034).