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601 results for “Global changes”
Data from: Contemporary evolution of plant reproductive strategies under global change is revealed by stored seeds
Global change is expected to impose new selection pressures on natural populations. Phenotypic responses, such as earlier phenology in response to climate warming, have been repeatedly observed in the field. The recent pollinator decline is also expected to change selection on reproductive traits in flowering plants. However, it remains unclear whether short-term adaptation of plant reproductive strategies occurs in response to global change. In this study, we report the evolution of some important reproductive traits of the annual self-incompatible weed Centaurea cyanus. In a common garden experiment we germinated stored seeds, sampled 18 years apart from the same location, in a region where warmer springs and indices of pollinator decline have been reported. Compared to the ancestral population (1992), our results showed that plants of the descendant population (2010) flowered earlier and also produced larger capitula with longer receptivity and a larger floral display. QST -FST comparisons indicated that natural selection has likely contributed to the evolution of some of the traits investigated. Lower FST within temporal samples than among spatial samples further suggests a limited role of gene flow from neighboring populations. We therefore propose that trait shifts could partly be due to adaptation to global change.
Climate-driven change to phytoplankton blooms across the global ocean - CMIP6 Phenology Outputs
<p>Bloom phenology metrics calculated from CMIP6 chlos outputs archived. Models include 'CNRM-ESM2-1-LR', 'MPI-ESM1-2-LR', 'NorESM2-LM' and 'NorESM2-MM'. Metrics calculated using daily outputs resampled to 5 day means with the methods outlined in Thomalla et al. (2023) Nature Climate Change (doi: 10.1038/s41558-023-01768-4).</p><p>Data are organised along the dimensions of model, year, latitude and longitude.</p><p>Data include the Historical (1850-2014) and high emissions SSP5-8.5 (2015-2100) simulations.</p><p>Metrics include bloom initiation, bloom termination, bloom duration, bloom integrated chlorophyll-a, bloom mean chlorophyll-a, bloom maximum chlorophyll-a, bloom maximum date, number of bloom peaks and seasonal cycle reproducibility.</p>
F I G U R E 8 in Global warming is projected to lead to increased freshwater growth potential and changes in pace of life in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
F I G U R E 8 Projected change in age-at-smoltification under the three shared socioeconomic pathways and representative concentration pathways: (a) SSP1-RCP2.6 (green), (b) SSP3-RCP7.0 (orange), and (c) SSP5-RCP8.5 (red) for juvenile Atlantic salmon in the Burrishoole. The grayshaded area represents the historical reference (2000 to 2020), and the red vertical line represents the historical average.
Mismatches between birds' spatial and temporal dynamics reflect their delayed response to global changes
<p>Global changes alter the dynamics of biodiversity, and are forecasted to continue or worsen in the decades to come. Modelling approaches used to anticipate these impacts are mainly based on the equivalence between spatial and temporal response to environmental forcings, generally called space-for-time substitution. However, several processes are known to generate deviations between spatial and temporal responses, potentially undermining the prediction based on space-for-time substitution.</p> <p>We here used high-resolution data from the french breeding bird survey to quantify and map the deviation between spatial and temporal patterns of bird abundances resulting from the dynamics of 124 species monitored in 2133 sites between 2001 and 2012. Using independent empirical data, we then tested specific predictions linked to the determinants (anthropogenic activities) and processes (lagged responses to environmental changes) potentially generating these deviations. We found that deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of abundances were particularly structured in space for bird communities. Following our predictions, these space–time deviations were positively correlated with the human influence on ecosystems, and linked with colonization–extinction ratios and community completeness, two markers of ongoing delayed responses to environmental changes. Our results suggest that the deviations between spatial and temporal patterns are related to recent anthropogenic environmental changes and disequilibrium responses to these changes. Investigating deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity might open promising perspectives for a formal quantification of disequilibrium state of biodiversity at large spatial scale.</p>
The decreasing/increasing prevalence of the terms "global warming" and "climate change" in news media discourse
<p>I will drop this here as a simple curiosity without much further comment: The decreasing/increasing prevalence of the terms <em>global warming</em> and <em>climate change</em> in news media discourse.</p> <p>https://davidrozado.substack.com/p/gwacc</p>
Data from: Global change impacts on arid zone ecosystems: Seedling establishment processes are threatened by temperature and water stress
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Recruitment for many arid-zone plant species is expected to be impacted by the projected increase in soil temperature and prolonged droughts associated with global climate change. As seed dormancy is considered a strategy to avoid unfavourable conditions, understanding the mechanisms underpinning vulnerability to these factors is critical for plant recruitment in intact communities, as well as for restoration efforts in arid ecosystems. This study determined the effects of temperature and water stress on recruitment processes in six grass species in the genus <i>Triodia </i>R.Br. from the Australian arid zone. Experiments in controlled environments were conducted on dormant and less-dormant seeds at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C, under well-watered (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.15 MPa) and water-limited (Psi<sub>soil</sub> = -0.35 MPa) conditions. Success at three key recruitment stages – seed germination, emergence and survival– and final seed viability of un-germinated seeds was assessed.<i> </i>For all species, less dormant seeds germinated to higher proportions under all conditions, however, subsequent seedling emergence and survival was higher in the more dormant seed treatment. An increase in temperature (35–40°C) under water-limited conditions caused 95–100% recruitment failure, regardless of the dormancy state. Ungerminated seeds maintained viability in dry soil, however, when exposed to warm (30-40°C) and well-watered conditions, loss of viability was greater from the less dormant seeds across all species. This work demonstrates that the transition from seed to established seedling is highly vulnerable to microclimatic constraints, and represents a critical filter for plant recruitment in the arid-zone. As we demonstrated temperature and water stress-driven mortality between seeds and established seedlings, understanding how these factors influence recruitment in other arid-zone species should be a high priority consideration for management actions to mitigate the impacts of global change on ecosystem resilience. The knowledge gained from these outcomes must be actively incorporated into restoration initiatives.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Global Maps of 21st-Century Land Surface Temperature Change
<p>The introduction and methodology will be added after publication.</p>
MAgPIE model input data sets: Climate change-driven global land-use system adaptation under CMIP6-based crop model projections
<p>These MAgPIE input data sets include harmonized crop yield projections from several crop models (9 crop models and 5 climate models). Additionally, regional, validation, and calibration data sets are also reported.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Polce C, Maes J, Brander L, Cescatti A, Baranzelli C, Lavalle C, Zulian G (2016) Global change impacts on ecosystem services: a spatially explicit assessment for Europe. One Ecosystem 1: e9990. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.1.e9990
Example of a simple Bayesian Network and brief description of its main components.
Supplementary material 3 from: Polce C, Maes J, Brander L, Cescatti A, Baranzelli C, Lavalle C, Zulian G (2016) Global change impacts on ecosystem services: a spatially explicit assessment for Europe. One Ecosystem 1: e9990. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.1.e9990
Regional classification of the 28 EU Member States, updated from Ciscar et al. (2011).
Supplementary material 2 from: Duquesne E, Fournier D (2024) Connectivity and climate change drive the global distribution of highly invasive termites. NeoBiota 92: 281-314. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.92.115411
Occurrences of the 22 invasive termites as well as their source
Supplementary material 1 from: Duquesne E, Fournier D (2024) Connectivity and climate change drive the global distribution of highly invasive termites. NeoBiota 92: 281-314. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.92.115411
Supplementary tables and figures (S1 to S7)
The exposure of the world's mountains to global change drivers
<p>R scripts to reproduce step by step the analysis of the article entitled "The exposure of the world's mountains to global change drivers" and final rasters obtained. </p>
SI_Robust Increase in South Asian Monsoon Rainfall Under Global Warming Driven by Southern Ocean Heat Uptake and Eurasia Cloud Changes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 1 in How can global climate change influence the geographic distribution of the eucalyptus yellow beetle? Modeling and prediction for Brazil
Figure 1. Current potential geographic distribution of Costalimaita ferruginea determined by the algorithm Envelope Score (AUC = 0.808). The numbers 1 to 5 represent the Brazilian biomes, being 1 = Amazônia, 2 = Caatinga, 3 = Cerrado, 4 = Pantanal, 5 = Mata Atlântica e 6 = Pampa.
South African global environmental change literature 2000-2018
<p>These data were used to assess how much research has been directed towards biological invasions in South Africa relative to other elements of global change and form part of a published book chapter. Using Web of Science, we systematically reviewed literature relevant to South African ecosystems published between 2000 and 2018 and relating to biological invasions, climate change, overharvesting, habitat change, pollution, and/or atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (search term details are provided below). We identified 1149 relevant papers, which appear in this dataset. These were scored in terms of their coverage of drivers and driver interactions that affect biodiversity or ecosystem services.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Search terms used to identify relevant global change literature in South Africa</em></p> <p>We used an advanced search in the ISI Web of Science to identify potentially relevant research in South Africa. We constrained the search to use only the Science Citation index Expanded and Book Citation Index - Science, using a Timespan of 2000-2018. We performed six separate searches for each of the drivers and combined the results, removing any duplicate studies that were identified. The search terms used were:</p> <p> </p> <p>For Alien species</p> <p>TS = ((Invasiv* OR alien* OR exotic* OR non-native OR "non native" OR non-indigenous OR "non-indigenous" AND species) AND "South Africa*" AND (ecosystem* OR biodiversity) AND (impact* OR effect* OR trend*))</p> <p> </p> <p>For Climate change</p> <p>TS = (“climate change” AND “South Africa*” AND (ecosystem* OR biodiversity) AND (impact* OR effect* OR trend*))</p> <p><br> For CO<sub>2</sub></p> <p>TS = ((CO2 OR "carbon dioxide") AND "South Africa*" AND (ecosystem* OR biodiversity) AND (impact* OR effect* OR trend*))</p> <p><br> For Overharvesting</p> <p>TS = ((*harvesting OR *exploitation OR "resource use" OR "resource-use" OR hunting OR fishing OR extract*) AND "South Africa*" AND (ecosystem* OR biodiversity) AND (impact* OR effect* OR trend*))<br> </p> <p>For Pollution</p> <p>TS = (((pollut* OR *toxic* OR chemic* OR nitro* OR nitr* OR N2 OR phosph* OR sewage OR sewerage OR *plastic* OR acid*) AND "South Africa*" AND (ecosystem* OR biodiversity) AND (impact* OR effect* OR trend*)))</p> <p><br> For Habitat change</p> <p>TS = (("habitat change" OR "land cover" OR "land transformation" OR "land use" OR landuse OR land-use OR land-cover OR agriculture OR forestry OR mining OR ploughing OR erosion OR *fire OR disturbance* OR desertification OR aridification OR degradation OR "habitat alteration" OR fragmentation OR *trawling) AND "South Africa*" AND (ecosystem* OR biodiversity) AND (impact* OR effect* OR trend*))</p> <p> </p> <p>For each unique publication identified, we read the title and abstract and removed any studies that took place outside of South Africa (including those conducted in neighbouring countries such as Namibia, Swaziland and Lesotho) as well as those deemed to be beyond the study scope. The latter category included experimental studies with no clear link to a future time period (e.g. impacts of very high carbon dioxide concentrations), studies that valued ecosystem services as well as those that described restoration efforts, purely ecological studies, with no direct consideration of change drivers, studies that detailed management options for biodiversity and ecosystem services (including studies on biological control of invasive species) and descriptions of new alien species or their establishment. The final dataset that was scored consisted of 1149 papers.</p> <p> </p> <p>For each paper, we read the title and abstract and recorded (binary 0 or 1) as many direct driver effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services (out of the possible 6) or interactions of drivers. For example, a paper that demonstrated the impacts of drought on pollutant concentrations, with subsequent eutrophication and algal blooms would be counted as a direct effect of pollution on biodiversity and ecosystem services as well as an interaction of “Climate on pollution” and “Pollution on habitat”. We also recorded the environment (terrestrial, freshwater or marine and estuarine) in which the study took place.</p>
Figures 1–7 in Potential distribution of the guava psyllid Triozoida limbata (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), today and in global climate change scenarios
Figures 1–7. Triozoida limbata: 1- Habitus of adult; 2- head; 3- male terminalia, in profile; 4- female terminalia, in profile; 5- habitus of immature; 6- open leaf roll gall on guava with immature specimens; 7- leaf roll galls on guava.
Stone-curlew under global change
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Data from: Global change on the Roof of the World: vulnerability of Himalayan otter species to land-use and climate alterations
<p>Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) prescribes the quantification of species vulnerability based on three components: sensitivity, adaptive capacity and exposure. Such assessments should be performed through combined approaches that integrate trait-based elements (e.g., measures of species sensitivity such as niche width) with correlative tools quantifying exposure (magnitude of changes in climate within species habitat). Furthermore, as land-use alterations may increase climate impacts on biodiversity, CCVAs should focus on both climate and land-use change effects. Unfortunately, most of such assessments have so far focused exclusively on exposure to climate change. </p> <p>We evaluated the vulnerability of three otter species occurring in the Himalayan region, i.e. <i>Aonyx cinereus, Lutra lutra </i>and<i> Lutrogale perspicillata</i>, to 2050 climate and land-use through the recently-proposed Climate Niche Factor Analysis (CNFA) framework combined with Species Distribution Models.</p> <p>Future climate and land-use change will reduce (6 – 15%) and shift (10 – 18%) the geographic range of the three species in the Himalaya, with land-use alterations exerting far more severe effects than climate change. Among vulnerability components, sensitivity played a greater role than exposure in determining the vulnerability of the otters. Specifically, the most specialist species, <i>L. perspicillata</i> showed the highest vulnerability in comparison with the most generalist, <i>L. lutra</i>.</p> <p>Our results underline how coupling climate and land-use change components in CCVAs can generate diverging predictions of species vulnerability compared to approaches relying on climate change only. Moreover, intrinsic components, such as species sensitivity, proved significantly more important in determining vulnerability than extrinsic metrics such as habitat exposure.</p> <p>The dataset contains XY coordinates of Himalayan otter species used in the study. Since Himalayan otters are listed as threatened or vulnerable in several of the regions covered by the study, original coordinates were rounded to 1 degree. Specific data sources are provided in the coupled table.</p>
Global acceleration of lake sediment accumulation rates associated with recent human population growth and landuse changes
<p>These datasets include the spatial coordinates and the digitized temporal rates of lake sedimentation expressed as Sediment Accumulation Rates (SAR; mm/year) and Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR; g/cm<sup>2</sup>/year) presented in Baud et al. (2021).</p> <p>Baud, A., Jenny, JP., Francus, P. and Gregory-Eaves, I. Global acceleration of lake sediment accumulation rates associated with recent human population growth and land-use changes. <em>J Paleolimnol</em> (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-021-00217-6 </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.