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Fig. 5 in New data on the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae): A new species from New Caledonia mangroves, and a redescription of E. bengalensis (Timm, 1958)

Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1.

Fig. 9 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 9. Line art illustration of Setaphyes kielensis. A: Male, ventral view; B: Male, dorsal view; C: Female, segments 1–3, ventral view; D: female, segments 9–11, ventral view. Scale bar: 100 μm. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; cr, cuticular ridge; cs, cuticular scar; dpl, dorsal placid; ica, intracuticlular atria; ldse, laterodorsal setae; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; mde, middorsal elevation; ms, muscular scar; ne, nephridiopore; pdse, paradorsal setae; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; ps, penile spine; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot; vmtu, ventromedial tube; vpl, ventral placid.

Fig. 4 in New data on the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae): A new species from New Caledonia mangroves, and a redescription of E. bengalensis (Timm, 1958)

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing details of female Echinoderes lapitaorum sp. nov. (A) Segments 1 to 2, laterodorsal view, with area of closeup on D marked; note that laterodorsal fringed glandular cell outlets type 2 are covered by free flap of segment 1. (B) Segments 1 to 3, sublateral view, with area of close-up on E marked. (C) Segments 1 to 2, ventral view, with area of close-up on F marked. (D) Detail showing subdorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2 on segment 2. (E) Detail showing sublateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2 and midlateral sensory spot on segment 3. (F) Detail showing ventrolateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2, and ventromedial sensory spot and glandular cell outlet type 1 on segment 2. (G) Segments 3 to 4, paradorsal to sublateral positions. (H) Segments 4 to 5, laterodorsal to lateroventral positions. (I) Segments 4 to 7, ventral view. (J) Segment 6, middorsal view. (K) Segments 8 to 9, lateral view. (L) Segments 7 to 8, ventral view. (M) Segments 9 to 11, dorsal view; note how segment 10 is nearly completely retracted into segment 9. (N) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view. (O) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldgco2fr, laterodorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, sublateral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvt, lateroventral tube; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco2fr, paradorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; sdgco2fr, subdorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; slgco2fr, sublateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vlgco2fr, ventrolateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 1 in New data on the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae): A new species from New Caledonia mangroves, and a redescription of E. bengalensis (Timm, 1958)

Fig. 1. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes lapitaorum sp. nov. (A) Male, dorsal view. (B) Male, ventral view. (C) Female, segments 10 to 11, dorsal view. (D) Female, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldgco2fr, laterodorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lvgco1, sublateral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvt, lateroventral tube; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pe, penile spines; sdgco2fr, subdorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; slgco2fr, sublateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; vlgco2fr, ventrolateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1.

Fig. 12 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 12. SEM photographs of females (ZMB 12456: A, E, G; ZMB 12467: B; ZMB 12471 D), males (ZMB 12477: C, H–I; ZMB 12463: F) of Setaphyes kielensis from Sylt. A: ventral overview; B: ventral view of segments 1–4; C: ventral view of segments 1–2; D: right sternal plates of segments 2–3; E: ventral view of segments 6–8; F: ventral overview; G: ventral view of segments 9–10; H: ventral view of segments 10–11; I: detail of the penile spines and bristles. Abbreviations: br, bristle; gco, glandular cell outlets; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; sp, spermatophore; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae; vmtu, ventromedial tube. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment. Dashed circles mark sensory spots.

Fig. 2 in Expanding the Echinoderes coulli group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) with a new species from the Chuuk Islands, Micronesia

Fig. 2. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes inaequalis sp. nov. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Male, detail of segments 10–11, dorsal view. (D) Male, detail of segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldgco2, laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; mlgco2, midlateral glandular cell outlet type 2; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mlt, midlateral tube; pe, penile spine; sdgco2, subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; sdt, subdorsal tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco2, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 2; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot. Scale bar, 100 μm.

Fig. 1 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 1. Map of the sampling localities. Black circles indicate localities in which specimens of Setaphyes dentatus were found. White circles indicate localities in which specimens of Setaphyes kielensis were found. A: enlarged map of the Iberian Peninsula; B: enlarged map of the North Frisian region; C: enlarged map of the Anatolian region.

Fig. 4 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of females (ZMB 12617: A, D; ZMB 12409: B–C, F–H) and male (ZMB 12418: E, I) of Setaphyes dentatus from Sylt. A: Sector 1 (midventral) of the introvert; B: Dorsal view on segments 1–5; C: Ventral view on segments 1–6; D: Mouth cone, outer oral styles (ring 01); E: Cuticular ornamentation on segment 10. Note that punctuate appearance represents preservation artefact. F: Dorsal view on segments 5–11; G: Ventral view on segments 6–11. H: Female LTS; I: Male LTS. Lambda symbols (Λ) mark anterior attachment points of spinoscalids on introvert (A). Abbreviations: co, cuticular ornamentation; cs, cuticular scars; dpl, dorsal placid; ldse, laterodorsal setae; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; mde, middorsal elevation; mdp, middorsal process; oos, outer oral style; pcr, patch of cuticular ridges; pdse, paradorsal setae; ps, penile spine; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by the number of corresponding ring); ts, trichoscalid; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae; vpl, ventral placid. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment.

Fig. 11 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 11. SEM photographs of the head of Setaphyes kielensis (male ZMB 12455: A–D). A: Detail of mouth cone ring 00 showing the outer oral style morphology; B: introvert sector 4 (laterodorsal); C: introvert sector 2 (ventrolateral); D: detail of neck (dorsal view) showing the trichoscalids and the placids. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bef, basal elongated fringe; bs, basal sheath; bsf, basal short fringe; ct, cuticular thickening; dpl, dorsal placid; ep, end-piece of spinoscalid; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by number of corresponding ring); ts, trichoscalid. Lambda symbols (Λ) mark attachment points of scalids.

Fig. 14 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 14. SEM photographs of females (ZMB 12475: B; ZMB 12454: D), and males (ZMB 12458: A; ZMB 12470: C) of Setaphyes kielensis from Sylt. A: ventral view of the right sternal plates of segments 2–3 with an extra ventromedial tube on only one sternal plate of segment 3; B: lateral view of the right side of segments 2–4; C: ventral view of the right sternal plate of segment 5; D: dorsolateral view of the left side of the tergal plate of segment 2. Abbreviations: dse, double setae; mse, multiple setae; vmtu, ventromedial tube.

Fig. 3 in New data on the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae): A new species from New Caledonia mangroves, and a redescription of E. bengalensis (Timm, 1958)

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews of female Echinoderes lapitaorum sp. nov. (A) Ventral overview. (B) Ventrolateral overview. (C) Lateral overview.

Fig. 7 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 7. SEM photographs of two females (110412 Huelva_sp1: A; 110412 Huelva_sp2: B, D; specimens damaged during study and not deposited) from Huelva and adults of indeterminate sex of Setaphyes dentatus from Huelva (ZMB 12751: E; ZMB 12752: F), and Algeciras (ZMB 12750: C; G) populations. A: detail of the reticular, net-like ornamentation on the dorsal, anterior margin of segment 1; B: middorsal to lateroventral view of segment 1; C: middorsal elevation of segment 2; D: middorsal elevation of segment 3; E: detail of laterodorsal sensory spot of segment 1; F: middorsal view of segments 8–9; G: middorsal process of segment 9. Abbreviations: co, cuticular ornamentation; mde, middorsal elevation; mdp, middorsal process; pdse, paradorsal setae. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment. Dashed circles mark sensory spots.

Fig. 10 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 10. Light micrographs of females (ZMB 12307: A; ZMB 12742: B–C, E–J; ZMB 12744: D), and male (ZMB 12294: K) of Setaphyes kielensis. A: Sector 6 (middorsal) of the introvert; B: Dorsal view of segments 1–3; C: Ventral view of segments 1–3; D: Ventral view on left side of the sternal plate of segments 5–6; E: Dorsal view of segments 4–7; F: Ventral view of segments 4–7; G: Dorsal view on the central part of the tergal plate of segments 3–4; H: Dorsal view of segments 8–11; I: Ventral view of segments 8–11; J: Female LTS; K: Male LTS. Abbreviations: ldse, laterodorsal setae; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; mde, middorsal elevation; ne, nephridiopore; pdse, paradorsal setae; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by the number of corresponding ring); ts, trichoscalids; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae. Lambda symbols (Λ) mark attachment points of scalids (A). Numbers after abbreviations indicate the number of the corresponding segment. Dashed circles mark sensory spots.

Fig. 2 in Towards a standardisation of morphological measurements in the phylum Kinorhyncha

Fig. 2. Schematic representation of adjacent and isolated segments in the Echinoderidae. A: Segment nesting due to the natural biological shape of Echinoderidae. B: Schematic representation of the overlap of the tergal plates. Abbreviations: MD, middorsal; ML, midlateral; MV, midventral; colours distinguish adjacent segments. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Towards a standardisation of morphological measurements in the phylum Kinorhyncha

Fig. 1. Schematic line art representation of a standardised echinoderid kinorhynch morphology. A: Ventral view showing the most common trunk measurements; B: lateral view showing the three possible lines to take the morphological measurements (note how the total trunk length may vary depending on the selected line due to the natural curved shape of the trunk). Abbreviations: MD, middorsal; ML, midlateral; MSW, maximum sternal width; MV, midventral; SW, standard sternal width; TL, total trunk length.

Fig. 15 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 15. Variation in selected measurements of Setaphyes algarvensis (1866, 2♀♀), S. cimarensis (1366, 10♀♀), S. dentatus (5366, 83♀♀), S. elenae (466, 5♀♀), S. flaveolatus (1066, 18♀♀) and S. kielensis (1566, 19♀♀). Jittered points mark the values, boxplots mark the median and quantiles and density plots summarize the data distribution. A: Total trunk length; B: Ratio between lateral terminal spines length and total trunk length; C: Total trunk length separated by sex; D: Ratio between lateral terminal spines length and total trunk length separated by sex. Abbreviations: LTS, lateral terminal spines; TL, total trunk length.

FIGURE 6. A, B in Epibiontic life on intertidal Setaphyes kielensis and S. dentatus (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) from Sylt, North Sea, Germany, with a description of a new species of Trematosoma (Ciliophora, Acinetidae) and a redescription of Cothurnia buetschlii (Ciliophora, Vaginicolidae)

FIGURE 6. A, B. Drawing of Cothurnia buetschlii (specimen 2) ventrally on segment 10 of Setaphyes kielensis (ZMB 12486) as longitudinal optical section (A) and lorica in cross-section (B). Abbreviations: an, annulation on surface of zooid; en, endostyle with striae; inf, withdrawn infundibulum with cilia; lo, lorica; ma, macronucleus; mi, micronucleus; po, pore in cementing mass; sc, spherical cavity; st, stalk with internal striae; zo, zooid. Scale bar 30 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Epibiontic life on intertidal Setaphyes kielensis and S. dentatus (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) from Sylt, North Sea, Germany, with a description of a new species of Trematosoma (Ciliophora, Acinetidae) and a redescription of Cothurnia buetschlii (Ciliophora, Vaginicolidae)

FIGURE 4. Setaphyes kielensis (A, ZMB 12469; B, ZMB 12489; C, ZMB 12486; D, E, ZMB 12492; F, ZMB 12488) with specimens of Trematosoma husselae sp. nov., SEM (A), and DIC (B–F). A. Segment 1, empty shells of epibionts, ventral view. B. Segments 1–11, optical section. C. Epibionts with capitated tentacles arranged in left and right row. Extended focus image of three images. D. Epibiont with developing swarmer. Arrowheads mark membrane of swarmer. E. Epibiont with swarmer recently freed from its parent. F. Segments 4–6, ventral view. Note thickened lorica in basal two thirds of epibionts. Arrow marks longitudinal striation of stalk of epibiont. Abbreviations: ca, basal cavity in lorica; co, specimen of Cothurnia buetschlii; lo, lorica; lts, lateral terminal spine; ma, macronucleus; mi, micronucleus; s, segment, followed by segment number; su, suctorian epibiont; sw, swarmer; te, tentacle. Scale bar in A, D, E 20 µm, in B 100 µm, in C 30 µm, and in F 50 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Epibiontic life on intertidal Setaphyes kielensis and S. dentatus (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) from Sylt, North Sea, Germany, with a description of a new species of Trematosoma (Ciliophora, Acinetidae) and a redescription of Cothurnia buetschlii (Ciliophora, Vaginicolidae)

FIGURE 8. Setaphyes kielensis (A, ZMB 12468; B, ZMB 12474) with epibionts, SEM. A. Segment 6, left side. Arrow marks laterally recessed anterior margin of lorica of Cothurnia buetschlii. B. Segments 8–10, dorsal view. Abbreviations: co, Cothurnia buetschlii; fp, filamentous prokaryotes; s, segment, followed by segment number; su, suctorian epibiont; te, tentacles. Scale bar in A 10 µm and in B 20 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Epibiontic life on intertidal Setaphyes kielensis and S. dentatus (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) from Sylt, North Sea, Germany, with a description of a new species of Trematosoma (Ciliophora, Acinetidae) and a redescription of Cothurnia buetschlii (Ciliophora, Vaginicolidae)

FIGURE 3. Setaphyes kielensis (A–C, ZMB 12475; D, ZMB 12464; E, F, ZMB 12465; G, ZMB 12462) with specimens of Trematosoma husselae sp. nov., SEM, ventral view. A–C. Specimen with 43 epibionts, segments 1–4 (A), 5–7 (B), and 8–11 (C). D. Segment 8, epibiont surface. E. Segment 6, epibiont surface covered with detritus. F. Segment 8, frontal view on small spherical specimen of Trematosoma husselae sp. nov. G. Segment 10, arrow marks specimen with withdrawn tentacles. Abbreviations: gco, gland cell outlet; lts, lateral terminal spine; s, segment, followed by segment number; se, seta; su, suctorian epibiont; te, tentacle. Scale bar in A–C 40 µm, in D–F 10 µm, and in G 20 µm.