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763 results for “Mitochondrial DNA”
FIGURE 19 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 19. Male genitalia. (A, B) Culoptila aluca Mosely. (A) Left lateral. (B) Ventral. (C) Culoptila amberia Mosely, left lateral. Abbreviations: inf. app. = inferior appendage; phb = phallobase; pht. scl. = phallotremal sclerite; stn. VIII = sternum VIII; IX = segment IX; t. VIII = tergum VIII; t. IX = tergum IX; t. X. = tergum X. (Modified from Blahnik & Holzenthal 2006.)
FIGURE 11 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 11. Fore- and hind wings. (A, B) Mortoniella roldani Flint. (C, D) Protoptila maculata Banks. Wings between taxa not to scale.
FIGURE 4 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 4. Culoptila species. (A) Metatarsal claw. (B) Head and thorax, dorsal. (C) Anal claw. (D) Larva, left lateral. (Figure modified from Holzenthal & Blahnik 2006.)
FIGURE 3 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 3. Larval cases. (A) Protoptila species. (B) Culoptila moselyi Denning. (C) Culoptila unispina Blahnik & Holzenthal. (Modified from Blahnik & Holzenthal 2006.)
FIGURE 30 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 30. Tolhuaca cupulifera Schmid, male genitalia. (A) Left lateral view. (B) Left lateral view of fully everted endophallus. (C) Dorsal view. (D) Ventral view of phallobase with retracted endophallus. Abbreviations: enph. = endophallus; enph. spn. = endophallic spine; phb = phallobase; t. IX = tergum IX; t. X = tergum X.
FIGURE 23 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 23. Mortoniella akantha Blahnik & Holzenthal, male genitalia. (A) Left lateral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Phallic spine, dorsal view. (D) Phallic apparatus, ventral view. Abbreviations: art. app. = articulated appendage; dor. spn. = dorsal phallic spine; enph. = endophallus; phb = phallobase; inf. app. = inferior appendage; pct. = pocket; phc. = phallicata; prm. = paramere; IX = segment IX; t. X. = tergum X. (Modified from Blahnik & Holzenthal 2008.)
FIGURE 26 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 26. Male genitalia. (A) Padunia coei (Kimmins), holotype, left lateral view of genital capsule and phallic apparatus. (B) Padunia falcata (Schmid), holotype, left lateral view of genital capsule. (C) Same, left lateral view of phallic apparatus. Abbreviations: inf. app. = inferior appendage; phb. = phallobase; IX = segment IX; t. IX = tergum IX; pr. IX = process of segment IX; ven. brn. = ventral branch.
FIGURE 15 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 15. Canoptila bifida Schmid. (A) Process of sternum VI, left lateral. (B) Genitalia, left lateral. (C) Genitalia, dorsal. (D) Genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: ap. scl. = apical sclerite; crypt = phallocrypt; enph. = endophallus; enph. pr. = endophallic process; enth. = endotheca; phb = phallobase; phc. = phallicata; pmr. = paramere; pr. t. X = process of tergum X; stn. IX = sternum IX; t. IX = tergum IX; t. X. = tergum X.
FIGURE 29 in <p><strong>Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily </strong><strong>Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) </strong><strong>inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA</strong></p>
FIGURE 29. Scotiotrichia ocreata Mosely, male genitalia. (A) Left lateral view. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Ventral view. Abbreviations: enph. = endophallus; enph. spn. = endophallic spine; phb = phallobase; t. X = tergum X; stn. IX = sternum IX; t. IX = tergum IX; t. X. = tergum X.
FIGURE 2 in Insight into the validity of Leptobrachium guangxiense (Anura: Megophryidae): evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters
FIGURE 2 Maximum parsimony (MP) tree, Maximum likelihood (ML) tree and Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) tree reconstructed from 1914 bp of 12S rRNA, tRNAval and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes with Oreolalax rhodostigmatus and Leptolalax heteropus as outgroups. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap supports for MP/ML/BPP. Symbol (*) indicates nodes with well bootstrap supports for ML and MP (>90%) inferences and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP = 95%), and symbol (-) represents that node values are less than 50%. Sample numbers are included in Table 1.
FIGURE 1 in Insight into the validity of Leptobrachium guangxiense (Anura: Megophryidae): evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters
FIGURE 1. Map of Southeast Asia showing samples of ingroup species used for mtDNA analysis. Sample numbers are included in Table 1.
FIGURE 3 in Insight into the validity of Leptobrachium guangxiense (Anura: Megophryidae): evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters
FIGURE 3 Morphological characteristics of Leptobrachium guangxiense (voucher No.: NHMG200807002). A. Dorsolateral aspect, B. Iris color, C. Oral disc (voucher No.: NHMG_T200903001), D. Ventral aspect.
Figure 8 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 8. SEM photographs of the indistinguishable trigeneric complex, comprising Parantipathes, Lillipathes, and Dendrobathypathes (all collected from the eastern North Pacific Ocean). A, D. boutillieri (USNM 1014186; scale bars 0.1 mm); B, L. wingi (USNM 1014106; scale bars 0.1 mm); C–E, Parantipathes sp. (J2095-2-7-6). C, individual spine.
Figure 7 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 7. In-situ and laboratory photographs of the indistinguishable trigeneric complex, comprising Parantipathes, Lillipathes, and Dendrobathypathes (all collected from the eastern North Pacific Ocean). A, branched Parantipathes sp. (J2106-7-1; 937 m); B, small colony of D. boutillieri with lab photo inset (J2097-2-1; 1734 m); C, unbranched Parantipathes sp. (J2012-6-3; 862 m); D, unbranched Parantipathes sp. (J2095-2-7-4; 843 m); E, D. boutillieri (J2095-2-5-1; 2162 m); F, Lillipathes sp. (specimen not included in this study; photo reproduced with permission from http://mcbi.marine -conservation.org; © NOAA/MBARI; 1520 m in the eastern Gulf of Alaska). Photos A, B, C courtesy of NOAA.
Figure 6 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 6. SEM and in situ photographs of aphanipathid Stichopathes. Left, Stichopathes cf. flagellum (Lyman Seamount; specimen LYM106-5; depth of collection: 1485 m). Right, Stichopathes dissimilis (Lyman Seamount; LYM105-1; 1485 m). Inset, S. dissimilis (Rehoboth Seamount; REH202-2; 1681 m). In situ photos courtesy of the Mountains in the Sea Research Team, URI/IAO, IFE, and NOAA.
Figure 5 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 5. ML-based phylogenetic reconstruction of the cox3-cox1 nucleotide alignment, rooted to the Actiniaria (sea anemones). AIC within jModelTest selected the TVM + G model of nucleotide substitution (gamma: 0.1860). ML parameters and character usage are the same as in Figure 2.
Figure 4 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 4. ML-based phylogenetic reconstruction of the nuc-contig alignment. AIC within jModelTest selected the TIM3 + I + G model of nucleotide substitution (pinvar: 0.8420, gamma: 0.5910). ML parameters, outgroup selection, and character usage are the same as in Figure 2. Due to difficulty in amplifying and sequencing 18S and 28S for Elatopathes abietina and Stichopathes dissimilis, their sequences were chimeras comprising data from multiple individuals (USNM 1116469 & USNM 1116470 and LYM105-1 & MAN802-1, respectively).
Figure 3 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 3. ML-based phylogenetic reconstruction of the mt-contig alignment incorporating the full cox3-cox1 plus the Gblocks-edited igrW and igrN. AIC within jModelTest selected the TVM + I + G model of nucleotide substitution (pinvar: 0.4210, gamma: 0.8800). ML parameters, outgroup selection, and character usage are the same as in Figure 2. ∧ Includes Tanacetipathes barbadensis USNM 1116465, T. tanacetum SED804-7, Plumapathes pennacea USNM 1086297, and P. pennacea USNM 1086302*. ∧∧ Includes Antipathes curvata USNM 1015453, A. cf. virgata USNM 99750, and Cirrhipathes sp. P4-226-9. ∧∧∧ Includes Stichopathes cf. occidentalis TMKO-132* and TMNI0707-22*.
Figure 2 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 2. ML-based phylogenetic reconstruction of the mt-contig alignment, rooted to the Leiopathidae (an ingroup). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap support values based on 1000 replicates. AIC within jModelTest selected the TVM + I + G model of nucleotide substitution [proportion of invariable sites (pinvar): 0.3940; gamma distribution parameter: 1.0000]. Tip labels indicate the specimen used in the alignment. Several specimens shared identical haplotypes or had haplotypes that were rendered identical following manipulations of the sequence alignment (see text); only one representative of these haplotypes was included in the analysis but the taxa affected are highlighted as follows: identical nominal taxa are separated by a forward slash, and an asterisk indicates unique haplotypes rendered identical following sequence manipulations. For the indistinguishable trigeneric complex, the taxon used in the phylogeny is listed in curly brackets. ∧ Includes Tanacetipathes barbadensis USNM 1116465, T. tanacetum SED804-7, Plumapathes pennacea USNM 1086297, and P. pennacea USNM 1086302*. ∧∧ Includes Antipathes curvata USNM 1015453, A. cf. virgata USNM 99750, and Cirrhipathes sp. P4-226-9. ∧∧∧ Includes Stichopathes cf. occidentalis TMKO-132* and TMNI0707-22*.
Figure 1 in The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics
Figure 1. Interspecific genetic distances (based on the K2P) within families (or select clades – see text) for the three mitochondrial gene regions. The highest genetic distance estimate obtained was for the Aphanipathidae + A.t. and E.a. using igrN (26.06%). The IGR (intergenic region) separating cox3 and cox1 (i.e. igrC) was removed prior to analysis. Alignments include indels. A.v., Aphanipathes verticillata; A.t., Acanthopathes thyoides; E.a., Elatopathes abietina. See Table 3 for details on which taxa were included/excluded in the distance estimates for each family.
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