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FIGURE 16 in Notes on Neoperla sinensis Chu, 1928 and Neoperla anjiensis Yang & Yang, 1998 with descriptions of new species of Neoperla from China (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

FIGURE 16. Neoperla huangshana sp. nov., female. A subgenital plate; B-C vagina and spermatheca, original posture and after stretching (soaked in 10% KOH solution for 8 hours); D vaginal folds; E vagina and spermatheca, hand sketch.

FIGURE 10 in Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China

FIGURE 10. Neoperla maolanensis Yang & Yang, 1993 (male from Chebaling). a. Aedeagus, lateral view. d. Aedeagus, ventral view. c. Apical half of aedeagal sac, ventral view. d. Aedeagus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 9 in Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China

FIGURE 9. Neoperla maolanensis Yang & Yang, 1993 (male from Chebaling). a. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Terminalia, dorsal view. c. Terminalia, oblique lateral view. d. Terminalia, lateral view.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China

FIGURE 6. Neoperla leigongshana Du & Wang, 2007 (male from Mangshan). a. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Terminalia, dorsal view. c. Terminalia, oblique lateral view. d. Terminalia, lateral view.

FIGURE 12 in Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China

FIGURE 12. Neoperla similidelphina Mo, Li & Murányi, sp. nov. (male). a. Aedeagus, lateral view. b. Aedeagus, oblique ventral view. c. Aedeagus, oblique dorsal view.

FIGURE 458 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 458. Distribution map of N. sjostedti sjostedti and N sjostedti needhami. The type localities of N sjostedti, N. bottegoana and N. needhami are identified by the initials of the names. Other specimen records concern only males, the arrow indicates the possible contact zone between the 2 subspecies.

FIGURES 443–449 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 443–449. Neoperla sjostedti sjostedti Klapálek: ♂ from Pretoria: 443, 444, terminal segments in dorsal and lateral views; arrows indicate the low crest in the sclerotised area on T8, tergites, hemitergite 10 and cercus labeled; 445, penis of male from Mbotyi Forest, black arrow points at the rudimentary caecum, open arrows at the location of details; 446, penis, diagammatic, shades are spinose areas. Penes and details of armature to the same scales, respectively. Female from Kenia, Kakamega Rain Forest Reserve: 447, genital situs; 448, egg (not to scale). 449, ♀ Holotype, genital situs. sa, spermatheca; SSt, spermathecal stalk; V, vagina.

FIGURES 402–406. Neoperla gibbosa n in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 402–406. Neoperla gibbosa n. sp., female holotype: 402, genital situs; 403, egg; 404, oblique view of opercular pole; 405, detail of striae; 406, egg of paratype from Tshela. Scales are 100µm. 403, 406 to the same, 405 not to scale. co, costa; SSt, spermathecal stalk; su, sulcus; V, vagina.

FIGURES 365–372 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 365–372. Neoperla excisa Klapálek: 365, ♂ lectotype, dorsal view of abdominal tip (from Klapálek 1923b); 366, abdominal tip of ♂ from Bumbuna, Sierra Leone, tergites and HT10 labeled; 367, handsketch of hemitergites and abdominal tip (lateral view) of the actual lectotype specimen, drawn in 1973; 368, penis, ♂ from Makokou, Gaboon; 369, 370, genital situs and egg of ♀ from Walikale; 371, egg from Odzala N. P.; 372, chorion of Guinean specimen (NEOP236). Scales are 100µm, except 50µm in Fig. 372. a, anchor; n, nail; sa, spermatheca; SSt, spermathecal stalk.

FIGURES 351–361 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 351–361. Neoperla conradti (Enderlein): 351–354, male from Baré, abdominal tip and contracted penis; 355–356, male from Matadi, everted penis and detail near midlength of endophallus; 357, 358, ♀ genital situs and anchor pole of egg (from Bangem, Cameroon); the arrow points at spine patches in the vagina; 359, SEM, egg from holotype (courtesy of MPI for Limnology). Figs 353–355 to the same scale. Tergites, HT10 and cercus labeled; a, anchor; ac, anchor cavity; Mi = pores between costae above a concealed micropyle.

FIGURES 332–333. Neoperla gordius n in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 332–333. Neoperla gordius n. sp., ♀ holotype; female genital situs and a macerated egg. The vagina was flipped back to expose the sclerites in the anterior part of S8, the arrow points at the pale furrow (pf) between the sclerites. SST, spermathecal stalk; the spermatheca is concealed; V, vagina. Scales are 100µm.

FIGURES 313–322 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 313–322. Males in the Neoperla dubia-complex: N. dubia Klapálek (from Makak, Cameroon): 313, terminal segments, dorsal view; 314, 315, enlarged centre of tergites 7 and 8, dorsal and lateral; 316, contracted, 317, everted penis with detail of distal armature (not to scale, from Ikom, Nigeria). Neoperla proxima n. sp.: 318, abdominal tip in dorsal view; 317, tip of penis with everted endophallus (D. R. Congo, Odzala N. P.). Neoperla vicina n. sp.: 320, 321, abdominal tip, dorsal and lateral views; 322, penis tip with everted endophallus in lateral view, and a detail of external spines in oblique lateral view (D. R. Congo, Bukavu). Scales in 317 and 322 are 100µm, scale in 320 is 0.5mm. The tergites, hemitergite 10 and the cercus are labeled.

FIGURES 439–442. Neoperla socia n in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 439–442. Neoperla socia n. sp., from Mutwanga. ♂ paratype (NEOP307): 439, abdominal tip, dorsal view, tergites and hemitergite 10 labeled; 440, penis with everted endophallus and detail of armature at site indicated by white arrow; the yellow arrow points at the annulated penis tip. ♀ paratype (NEOP306): 441, genital situs, sternites 7 and 8 labeled, the spermatheca happens to lie on top of the nail; 442, fragment of an egg with flanged costae; arrow indicates a micropyle in a sulcus. Scales are 100µm, unless differently indicated. n, nail; sa, spermatheca; SSt, spermathecal stalk; V, vagina.

FIGURES 177–180. Neoperla aethiopica n in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 177–180. Neoperla aethiopica n. sp. and N. occulta n. sp.. N. aethiopica: 177, penis of holotype (NEOP074); 178, enlarged distal section of the endophallus of the paratype. N. occulta: 179, distal half of penis with everted endophallus (Bayanga LP1); 180, distal part of contracted penis (Bayanga PJ, NEOP058). The curved line connects corresponding structures. Scales are 100µm. bbs, bare basal stretch; bl, basolateral, dd, dorsodistal, dl, dorsolateral spine groups.

FIGURES 50–55 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 50–55. Neoperla luluana Navás, ♀ holotype: 50, genital situs, 51, egg, both diagrammatic; 52, detail of the filamentous anchor, the filaments attach to some thick chorion fragment; 53, vertical view onto a micropylar mound, 54, lateral view of same; 55, fraction of the eclosion line, at the end of a costa. Scale lines are 100µm, drawings are not to scale. af, anchor filaments; co, costa; mic, micropylar canal; op, operculum; sa, spermatheca; SSt, spermathecal stalk; su, sulcus; tc, transverse cells.

FIGURES 205–208 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 205–208. Neoperla burgeoni Navás, ♂: 205, 206, abdominal tip in resting position, dorsal and lateral view; 207, same, lateral, process on T8 raised, tergites and hemitergite 10 labeled; 208, medial view of detached right-hand HT10. Only 208 to scale, 205–207 to similar scales. at9, antecosta 9; fs, fine suture; mc, mediobasal callus on HT10; p7, p8, processes on tergites 7 and 8; p10, front part of hemitergite 10, its so-called process; ps9, paramedian swelling on T9.

FIGURES 26–32. Neoperla kalengonis n in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 26–32. Neoperla kalengonis n. sp.: 26, artificially everted penis of a paratype; 27, spines on endophallus of same, scale is 50µm; 28, paratype ♀, genital situs; 29, 30, eggs of paratypes, 30 courtesy of MPI of Limnology; 31, egg from South Sudan; 32, anchor pole and collar of egg from Lwiro R. Scales are 100µm unless differently indicated, 30 not to scale, 29 and 31 to the same scale. sa, spermatheca; SSt, spermathecal stalk.

FIGURES 33–41. Neoperla rostrata n in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 33–41. Neoperla rostrata n. sp. and N. luhohonis n. sp., the male holotypes: N. rostrata, 33, tergites 6–10; 34, penis with everted endophallus, Scales are 1.0mm for the abdomen, 100µm for the penis.; 35, 36, details of armature are to the same scale. N. luhohonis, 37, abdominal tip in dorsal view, not to scale; 38, the partly everted penis in side view, the endophallus remains attached to the accidentally detached distal portion (39). 40, 41, enlarged details, to the same scale. Solid lines show location of enlarged details, the broken line connects points originally connected before the rupture. Scales are 100µm.

FIGURES 18–25 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 18–25. eggs of the N. lujana-complex: 18, the N. lujana Navás holotype; 19, from Bayanga (CAR, NEOP019); 20, from Odzala N. P. (NEOP018); 21, top view of egg (D. R. Congo, N of Bukavu) (after Moore 1991). N. costata n. sp.: 22, optical cross section; 23, lateral view of an egg, with enlarged profile of a ridge (Liberia, near Tapeta) to the left hand side; 24, egg from Adamaua. N. serrula n. sp.: 25, egg, an enlarged profile of a ridge (Holotype, NEOP010, Ghana, Agumatsa falls, slide 20.12) to the right hand side. Scales are 100µm, unless differently indicated. Details of costae are to the same scale.

FIGURES 16–17 in Revision of the African Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae: Perlinae) based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURES 16–17. Female genital situs: 16, N. lujana Navás, not to scale; 17, N. costata n. sp. (Liberia, near Tapeta). co, common oviduct; scl, sclerite in vagina; sd, spermathecal duct; SSt, spermathecal stalk; V, vagina.