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FIGURE 1 in Structure and composition of ichthyofauna associated with cage fish farming and compared to a control area after severe drought in a Neotropical reservoir

FIGURE 1 | Map of South America showing the Ilha Solteira reservoir, with an indication of the sample areas (black circles). Adapted from Kliemann et al. (2018).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Assessment of potentially toxic metals in water, sediment, and the tissues of seven important fish species from neotropical brazilian river

FIGURE 1 | Location of the study area in the Sorocaba River drainage, São Paulo State, Brazil, indicating the Sorocaba river, the fish collection points, in addition to the urban area and areas of contamination.

FIGURE 6 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)

FIGURE 6 | Illustrated summary of the identification key for Amazonian Triportheus larvae. Letters explain characters mentioned in the identification key. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)

FIGURE 4 | Early development of Triportheus angulatus: (A) preflexion early (4.53 mm SL); (B) preflexion late (5.00 mm SL); (C) flexion early (7.50 mm SL), (D) flexion late (9.61 mm SL), (E) postflexion early (11.59 mm SL), (F) postflexion late (13.73 mm SL), and (G) juvenile (21.69 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)

FIGURE 3 | Body ratios (mm) between head length and snout length (A), eye diameter (B), and head depth (C), and standard length and body depth (D), head length (E), distance from snout to anal fin (F), distance from snout to dorsal fin (G), distance from snout to pectoral fin (H) and distance from snout to pelvic fin (I) during the early development of Triportheus albus.

FIGURE 1 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)

FIGURE 1 | Map of the Eastern Amazon, showing the capture sites of the Triportheus used in the study. MSDR: Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve.

FIGURE 2 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)

FIGURE 2 | Early development of Triportheus albus: (A) preflexion early (3.91 mm SL); (B) preflexion late (6.13 mm SL); (C) flexion early (7.01 mm SL), (D) flexion late (8.52 mm SL), (E) postflexion early (11.17 mm SL), (F) postlexion late (17.17 mm SL), and (G) juvenile (27.58 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)

FIGURE 5 | Body ratios (mm) between snout length (A), head length and eye diameter (B), head depth (C), and standard length ratio (mm) between body depth (D), head length (E), distance from snout to anal fin (F), distance from snout to dorsal fin (G), distance from snout to pectoral fin (H) and distance from snout to pelvic fin (I) during the early development of Triportheus angulatus.

Figure 4. - Distocyclus goajira. Holotype USNM 121596. X in Distocyclus guchereauae a new species of Neotropical electric fish, (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae), from French Guiana

Figure 4. - Distocyclus goajira. Holotype USNM 121596. X-ray. The anal fin ends (arrow) at the level of the "last caudal vertebra/caudal bony rod" (arrowhead) indication of the a regenerated tail. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 3. - Distocyclus guchereauae. Paratypes X in Distocyclus guchereauae a new species of Neotropical electric fish, (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae), from French Guiana

Figure 3. - Distocyclus guchereauae. Paratypes X-ray (MNHN 2003-0018). Upper specimen normal (331 mm TL); lower specimen regenerated (322 mm TL). In the regenerated tail, an ossified rod developed from the 65th vertebra and replaced caudal vertebrae; the regenerated anal rays stopped at the anterior part of the rod. Arrows point to the end of the anal fin; arrowheads point to the articulation of the bony rod with the last true vertebrae.

Figure 1. - Distocyclus guchereauae. Holotype MNHN 2000-5927, 271 in Distocyclus guchereauae a new species of Neotropical electric fish, (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae), from French Guiana

Figure 1. - Distocyclus guchereauae. Holotype MNHN 2000-5927, 271 mm TL, Maroni, French Guiana; A: Photograph (C. Ferrara); B: X-ray.

Figure 2. - Distocyclus guchereauae. Paratypes X-ray. A in Distocyclus guchereauae a new species of Neotropical electric fish, (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae), from French Guiana

Figure 2. - Distocyclus guchereauae. Paratypes X-ray. A: MNHN 2003- 0014; B: MNHN 2003-0013. Detail of the posterior abdominal region showing respectively three and four rib-like bones (arrowheads). The arrow points to the first hemal spine. Scale bars = 10 mm.

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Fig. 4 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions

Fig. 4. Reproductive phases: a) Female laying eggs while male waits to fertilize them. This process is then repeated; b) Spawn on a flat dark stone. Generally between 400 - 800 eggs are laid, depending on female size; c) Female guarding the eggs while male attacks an intruder male. Generally one of the parents remains guarding the fry while the other feeds or defends the territory; d) Female fanning non swimming fry after transferring them to a previously dug pit; fry hatched 3 days after fertilization; e) Male guarding free swimming fry (8 days after fertilization); parents seem to attract the fry by shaking its dark pelvic fin.

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Fig. 2 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions

Fig. 2. Body color patterns associated with different social status; a) Schematic representation of the main features of Cichlasoma dimerus color pattern. A: red eye blotch; B: preopercular blotch, C: anterior longitudinal line; D: mid trunk blotch; E: posterior longitudinal line; F: peduncular blotch; G: dorsal transversal bars; H: ventral transversal bars. These features may "turn on" or "off" in different conditions; b) Gregarious individuals; c) Reproductive Territorial male (RT); d) Reproductive Territorial female. e) Non Reproductive Territorial male (nRnT); f) Non Reproductive non Territorial (nRnT) individual. Scale bar = 1 cm

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Fig. 1 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions

Fig. 1. Distribution of different social status fish on the experimental aquaria: a) Picture of the experimental aquaria; b) Schematic representation. Abbreviations of social statuses used: nRnT = non Reproductive non Territorial individuals; nRT = non Reproductive Territorial individual; RT = Reproductive Territorial individual. For a detailed description of these social statuses see Table 3.

Fig. 11 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography

Fig. 11. Opercle shape. (a) Rhamphichthys drepanium, UF 78066; (b) Gymnorhamphichthys rosamariae, MCP 24359; and (c) Hypopomus artedi, ANSP 177489. Lateral view of left side. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm.

Fig. 10 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography

Fig. 10. Scale shape above the lateral line at about two thirds of body. (a) Iracema caiana, MZUSP 49205; (b) Rhamphichthys marmoratus, MZUSP 49205; (c) Gymnorhamphichthys rosamariae, MCP 24359; and (d) Hypopomus artedi, ANSP 177489. Lateral view of left side.Anterior to left. Scale bar is 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography

Fig. 7. Branchial basket and branchiostegals rays of left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: bh+bb1 = basihyal +basibranchial 1; bb2 = basibranchial 2; bb3 = basibranchial 3; vhh = ventral hypohyal; dhh = dorsal hypohyal; ach = anterior ceratohyal; pch = posterior ceratohyal; uh = urohyal; br = branchiostegals; cb = ceratobranchial; eb = epibranchial; and tp = pharyngobranchial tooth plate.

Fig. 6 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography

Fig. 6. Opercular series of the left side of Iracema caiana series in lateral view (except branchiostegals; MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). Abbreviations: pop = preopercle; iop = interopercle; sop = subopercle; and op = opercle.

Fig. 5 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography

Fig. 5. Suspensorium and oral jaws of the left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: p = premaxilla; m = maxilla; ant = antorbital; d = dentary; cm = coronomeckelian bone; ang = anguloarticular; rar = retroarticular; enp = endopterygoid; q = quadrate; ib = intermuscular bones of adductor mandibulae; sym = symplectic; mpt = metapterygoid; and h = hyomandibula.