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634 results for “Plant invasions”
Data from: A survey of invasive plants on grassland soil microbial communities and ecosystem services
<p>Invasive plants can cause changes in structure and function of the ecosystem undergoing invasion. Any changes in ecosystem diversity and community composition will likely alter ecosystem services provided by that ecosystem. However, how these ecosystem services may change is poorly understood. To elucidate how these ecosystem services will change with invasion, we sampled 561 plots undergoing invasion by smooth brome (<i>Bromus inermis</i>) and four other invasive species at a native Rough Fescue prairie located near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Soil and plant surveys were undertaken weekly for 26 weeks beginning in May in 2014 until November 2014, or the growing season. We measured a suite of ecosystem services, including greenhouse gasses, extracellular enzyme function, forage production, glyphosate degradation and decomposition. Furthermore, soil physical and chemical properties were measured, and soil bacterial and fungal communities were sequenced. This is a large and multifaceted dataset with complex temporal and spatial attributes that can be used to answer numerous questions regarding the functioning of prairie ecosystems and how invasive species will impact that functioning. </p>
Data from: Effect of plant root symbionts on performance of native woody species in competition with an invasive grass in multispecies microcosms
The majority of terrestrial plants form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia (i.e. nitrogen fixing bacteria). Understanding these associations has important implications for ecological theory and for restoration practice. Here we tested whether the presence of AMF and rhizobia influence the performance of native woody plants invaded by a non-native grass in experimental microcosms. We planted eight plant species (i.e. Acacia acuminata, A. microbotrya, Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. loxophleba, E. astringens, Calothamnus quadrifidus, Callistemon phoeniceus, Hakea lissocarpha and H. prostrata) in microcosms of field-conditioned soil with and without addition of AMF and rhizobia in a fully factorial experimental design. After seedling establishment, we seeded half the microcosms with an invasive grass Bromus diandrus. We measured shoot and root biomass of native plants and Bromus, and on roots, the percentage colonization by AMF, number of rhizobia-forming nodules and number of proteaceous root clusters. We found no effect of plant root symbionts or Bromus addition on performance of myrtaceous, and as predicted, proteaceous species as they rely little or not at all on AMF and rhiozbia. Soil treatments with AMF and rhiozbia had a strong positive effect (i.e. larger biomass) on native legumes (A. microbotrya and A. acuminata). However, the beneficial effect of root symbionts on legumes became negative (i.e. lower biomass and less nodules) if Bromus was present, especially for one legume, i.e. A. acuminata, suggesting a disruptive effect of the invader on the mutualism. We also found a stimulating effect of Bromus on root nodule production in A. microbotrya and AMF colonization in A. acuminata which could be indicative of legumes' increased resource acquisition requirement, i.e. for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, in response to the Bromus addition. We have demonstrated the importance of measuring belowground effects because the aboveground effects gave limited indication of the effects occuring belowground.
Invasive earthworms can change understory plant community traits and reduce plant functional diversity
<p>Datasets and R script</p>
Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors - dataset
<p>environmental data, plant community data, CLPP profiles, microbial activity data</p>
Shift in competitive ability mediated by soil biota in an invasive plant
<p>This dataset contains data from a greenhouse experiment described in the paper: Huang F, Huang Q, Gan X, Zhang W, Guo Y and Huang Y. (2021) Shift in competitive ability mediated by soil biota in an invasive plant. Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8287.</p> <p>This experiment investigated the interactive effects of competition environment and soil biota on competitive ability of an invasive plant <em>Mikania micrantha</em>. The experimental design contained a combination of three factors: soil treatment (live soil vs. sterilized soil), competition treatment (grown in isolation, with intraspecific competitors and interspecific competitors) and soil source (from three invaded sites), on the growth and competitive performance of seven <em>M. micrantha</em> populations varying in their field conspecific and heterospecific abundance.</p> <p>The main results of this experiment are that, with increasing conspecific abundance and decreasing heterospecific abundance, (1) <em>M. micrantha</em> increased intraspecific competition tolerance and intra- vs. interspecific competitive ability, but decreased interspecific competition tolerance; (2) <em>M. micrantha</em> increased tolerance of negative soil biota effect; (3) interspecific competition tolerance of <em>M. micrantha </em>was increasingly suppressed by the presence of soil biota, but intraspecific competition tolerance was less affected.</p>
Light pollution affects invasive and native plant traits important to plant competition and herbivorous insects
<p>Dataset that goes with our accepted publication in Biological Invasions entitled "Light pollution affects invasive and native plant traits important to plant competition and herbivorous insects"</p>
The effect of plant invasion on soil microbial carbon-use efficiency in semiarid grasslands of the Rocky Mountain West
<p>1. Grassland ecosystems invaded by exotic plant species often exhibit substantially higher aboveground productivity and soil nitrogen (N) than the native communities they replace. These shifts are likely associated with altered microbial carbon (C) and N cycling, but we know surprisingly little about how these processes change with plant invasion.</p> <p>2. Targeting four invasive plant species common in the Rocky Mountain West, we collected soils from invaded and adjacent uninvaded grassland field plots, as well as from an experimental garden. We used a laboratory incubation of soils with <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>15</sup>N-labelled substrates to examine how microbial C respiration, C assimilation, and N cycling differed among plant communities. To assess how these rates corresponded with plant productivity and microbial communities, we measured aboveground plant biomass and characterized bacterial and fungal communities using Illumina sequencing.</p> <p>3. In the paired observational plots, soil microbial communities associated with invaders generally had higher respiration rates and lower growth rates than those associated with the native plant communities, leading to a lower microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE). Overall, soil substrate with a lower C:N was related to decreased CUE, and lower CUE was related to increased gross and net N mineralization. In turn, faster gross N mineralization was related to greater aboveground biomass. These patterns coincided with significant differences in fungal communities, whereas bacterial communities varied by site. Invasive plants also altered microbial communities in the experimental plots, but this was not associated with shifts in microbial CUE, which was low overall.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis.</i> Our results provide evidence that invasive plants alter bacterial and fungal communities. These shifts were not associated with changes in microbial CUE and, thus, the often-assumed link between compositional and functional shifts was not apparent in this study. However, lower CUE was associated with elevated rates of N cycling and productivity, which, in low-productivity systems, could help explain the increased growth and success of exotic plant invaders.</p>
Introduced plants induce outbreaks of a native pest and facilitate invasion in the plants' native range: Evidence from the emerald ash borer
<p>1. Biological invasions are among the most serious threats to native forest ecosystems worldwide due to ever-increasing international trade and global change. Understanding the invasion processes and ecology of invasive pests in both newly invaded and native habitats is necessary to effectively manage the risks they pose. 2. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is one of the most devastating invasive forest insect pests in North America and has also invaded European Russia and parts of Europe. Through synthesizing historical data spanning >100 years and contemporary field observations in China, we examined EAB's distribution, occurrence, and outbreak frequency in its native range in relation to historical introductions and plantings of non-Asian ash trees in China. 3. The frequencies and levels of EAB infestations in China gradually increased from 1900 to 2021 after a time-lag of 30-50 years following introductions and widespread plantings of non-Asian ash trees from North America. Increased frequencies of EAB outbreaks following the planting of North American ash trees in China may have increased the risk of EAB invading North America and other novel regions. 4. Synthesis. Our findings demonstrated that planting susceptible non-native host plants can induce outbreaks of a native insect pest in its native range, which in turn may enhance risks of invading novel regions via human-assisted activities (e.g., international trade). In addition, our findings suggest that lag-times of several decades between planting susceptible hosts and initial pest outbreaks may pose challenges in predicting the true risk of invading novel regions. Consequently, comprehensive risk assessment for invasive insect pests should consider the role of non-native plants introduced or planted in the pest's native range.</p>
Prioritizing terrestrial invasive alien plant species for management in urban ecosystems
<p>1. Invasive alien plant species (IAPs) in urban areas can have detrimental effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Urban areas are complex social management mosaics with high land-use diversity, complex land tenure patterns, and many different stakeholder groups, some of which derive benefits from invading species. Urban conservation practitioners face complex decisions about which IAPs require management. Yet most IAPs prioritization frameworks have been designed for and implemented in natural or rural areas and are generally inadequate for guiding effective and sustainable interventions in urbanized areas.</p> <p>2. We modified an existing prioritization scheme to develop a framework for prioritizing terrestrial IAPs in urban areas which applies evidence-based (data-driven) and stakeholder-based (local knowledge) assessments to score and rank alien plant species in terms of their priority for management using an objective set of criteria.</p> <p>3. The framework consists of forty-six criteria, grouped into eight modules which assess invasion status, habitat requirements, biological characteristics, dispersal ability, distribution, impact (positive and negative), and potential for control for each alien plant species under consideration.</p> <p>4. We use the city of Toronto, Canada as a case study to test our framework – a list of 50 IAPs were effectively scored and ranked in order of high to low priority for control. Species with the highest <i>total prioritization scores</i> were <i>Vincetoxicum</i> <i>rossicum</i> (Dog Strangling Vine), <i>Convolvulus</i> <i>arvensis</i> (Field Bindweed) and <i>Taraxacum</i> <i>officinale</i> (Common Dandelion) (ranked 1, 2 and 3, respectively).</p> <p>5. Many of the identified high priority species align with the those previously flagged as of management concern by conservation practitioners, but also include those that are not actively managed due to their perceived lower ecological impacts. These species still require high resource investment for other objectives such as aesthetics. This highlights the complexity of alien plant species management in urban areas.</p> <p>6.<i> Synthesis and applications. </i>Prioritizing invasive alien plants for management in urban areas is particularly challenging due to often conflicting ecological, economic, and social objectives. We use available evidence and local stakeholder knowledge to develop an objective and systematic prioritization tool which can assist conservation practitioners in selecting priority species for management action in complex urban landscapes.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Anđelković AA, Pavlović DM, Marisavljević DP, Živković MM, Novković MZ, Popović SS, Cvijanović DL, Radulović SB (2022) Plant invasions in riparian areas of the Middle Danube Basin in Serbia. NeoBiota 71: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.71.69716
List of the studied rivers/canal sections and their catchment area affiliation (and code in the analysis)
Data from: Invasion-induced root-fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Despite widespread evidence that biological invasion influences both the biotic and abiotic soil environments, the extent to which these two pathways underpin the effects of invasion on plant traits and performance is unknown. Leveraging a long-term (14-yr) field experiment, we show that an allelochemical-producing invader affects plants through biotic mechanisms, altering the soil fungal community composition, with no apparent shifts in soil nutrient availability. Changes in belowground fungal communities resulted in high costs of nutrient uptake for native perennials and a shift in plant traits linked to their water and nutrient use efficiencies. Some plants in the invaded community compensate for the disruption of nutritional symbionts and reduced nutrient provisioning by sanctioning more nitrogen to photosynthesis and expending more water, which demonstrates a trade-off in trait investment. For the first time, we show that the disruption of belowground nutritional symbionts can drive plants toward alternative regions of their trait space in order to maintain water and nutrient economics.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Plant-soil feedback of the invasive Sorghum halepense on Hainan island, China
<div> <em>Sorghum halepense</em> is a perennial invasive weed causing great harm worldwide, including various regions on Hainan island. In this study, using two approaches, we examined plant-soil feedback of different <em>S. halepense</em> populations. In the first, rhizosphere soil of <em>S. halepense</em> from the field was either sterilized or not to study the role of soil biota on <em>S. halepense</em> growth. In the second, we first let <em>S. halepense</em> plants condition the soil, and then regrow plants on these conditioned soil to study the role of overall changes in soil properties in plant-soil feedback. Sterilization increased the growth of <em>S. halepense</em>, indicating that soil biota inhibited the growth of <em>S. halepense</em>. Soil biota from some populations inhibited the growth of <em>S. halepense</em> more than that from others. In most cases, the relative response of a <em>S. halepense</em> population when associated with its own soil vs. when associated with other soils was similar to the relative response of other populations across the same soils. In the second approach, the effect of conditioning on most soil chemical properties were not different among populations. The interactive effect of conditioning population and replanting population on plant biomass was not significant, indicating that the performance of different <em>S. halepense</em> populations did not depend on the population of <em>S. halepense</em> that conditioned the soil. These results indicate that on Hainan island, <em>S. halepense</em> can outburst and proliferate despite negative feedback with soil biota, and populations of <em>S. halepense</em> differ little in their interactions with soil.</div>
Richness, not evenness, of invasive plant species promotes invasion success into native plant communities via selection effects
<p>Native plant communities are often invaded by multiple alien species. It is still unclear how increasing diversity of alien invasive species suppresses the growth of native species and thus contributes to invasion success. In the subtropical monsoon region of Southeast China, we experimentally created a native plant community with 18 herbaceous species. One week later, we let it be invaded by either zero (controls without invasion), one, two, four or eight alien plant species, with either high or low species evenness. After a four-month growth period we harvested the aboveground biomass of each species. We found that increasing invasive species richness significantly increased invasive plant biomass, the biomass of all invasive and native plant species within the community, and invasion success (the ratio of invasive plant biomass to the biomass of all native and invasive plants), but it did not significantly reduce native plant biomass. Experimentally manipulating invasive species evenness did not influence invasion success and did not show any differential suppression effects on native plants. One invasive species, Sesbania cannabina, became dominant in terms of plant biomass, irrespective of its proportion in the alien plant mixtures. Throughout this experiment, effects of invasive species richness on invasion success were mainly due to such selection effects among the invasive species. On the other hand, the unchanged biomass of native species under increasing invasive plant richness suggests the presence of at least partly complementary resource niches between invasive and native species.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Sirbu C, Miu IV, Gavrilidis AA, Gradinaru SR, Niculae IM, Preda C, Oprea A, Urziceanu M, Camen-Comanescu P, Nagoda E, Sirbu IM, Memedemin D, Anastasiu P (2022) Distribution and pathways of introduction of invasive alien plant species in Romania. NeoBiota 75: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.75.84684
Appendix S2. Altitudinal range of invasive and potentially invasive alien plant species recorded in Romania
Supplementary material 2 from: Piria M, Radočaj T, Vilizzi L, Britvec M (2022) Climate change may exacerbate the risk of invasiveness of non-native aquatic plants: the case of the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia. In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.83320
Combined AS-ISK report for the 24 non-native aquatic plant species screened for their potential risk of invasiveness in the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia.
Data from: Metabolomic profiling reveals shifts in defenses of an invasive plant
<p><strong>Abstract</strong>. The Shifting Defense Hypothesis predicts that introduced exotic plants evolve increased defenses against generalist herbivores and decreased defenses against specialists that are often absent in the introduced range. This hypothesis has received mixed evidence, and there is limited insight in its chemical basis from targeted analysis. Here, we provide an untargeted metabolomic analysis of native and invasive Purple Loosestrife populations and we experimentally test if admixture between introduced populations provides a basis for rapid defense chemistry evolution. Invasive populations showed improved growth and generalist herbivore resistance, but lower resistance to a specialist weevil. Metabolomic profiling revealed large shifts in chemistry between native and invasive populations, including differences in alkaloids and flavonoids. Experimental admixture increased chemical diversity and plant growth in the native populations, indicating its potential to fuel rapid evolution, but admixture did not affect generalist and specialist herbivory. Our comprehensive untargeted metabolomics results provide strong support for the Shifting Defense Hypothesis.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data sets description:</strong></p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Metabolite data: <strong>LCMS_pos.xlsx</strong> and <strong>LCMS_neg.xlsx</strong></li> </ul> <p>Metabolites were extracted from the 3rd to 4th pairs of leaves (from top to bottom) of experimental <em>Lythrum salicaria</em> plants, which originated from three regions in Europe and three regions in North America, and were analyzed by LC-MS. Electrospray ionization was carried in in positive mode (LCMS_pos.xlsx) and in negative mode (LCMS_neg.xlsx). The LC-MS profiles were analyzed by software SIMCA v13.0, and the number of metabolites and their unique compounds were also classified and analyzed. The data sets show retention times and mass-over-charge ratios (in rows) organized by individual plant samples (in columns). Plant samples were analyzed in four batches (two each for positive and negative mode), and are labeled by their population of origin and cross type:</p> <p>IALS: Iowa – Little South Storm Lake</p> <p>IML: Idaho – Middleton</p> <p>NJS1: New Jersey – Site 1</p> <p>NW: Netherlands – Wageningen</p> <p>PG: Potsdam – Geltow</p> <p>TR: Tübingen – Reusten</p> <p>Intra: sample from intra-population cross</p> <p>Pop: sample from cross between populations from the same region</p> <p>Reg: sample from cross between populations from different regions</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Herbivory and plant trait data: <strong>Phenotypes.xlsx</strong></li> </ul> <p>The plant height, main stem width, generalist and specialist feeding results of <em>L. salicaria</em> plants used in the experiments. Data are from individual plants, which are characterized by origin (North America or Europe), Region (three regions per origin), Sample site (three sites per region) and cross type (experimental plant derived from either ‘intrapop’ cross (cross within sample site) or ‘interregion’ cross (cross between sample sites from different regions)).</p> <p>Height: plant height in cm</p> <p>Diameter: main stem diameter in mm</p> <p>Specialist: number of holes eaten on the tested leaf</p> <p>Generalist: total leaf surface area consumed by herboivores (cm2)</p>
Supplementary material 4 from: Connolly BM, Powers J, Mack RN (2017) Biotic constraints on the establishment and performance of native, naturalized, and invasive plants in Pacific Northwest (USA) steppe and forest. NeoBiota 34: 21-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.34.10820
Table S4–S7 : Explanation note: MANOVA GLM results for seedling establishment and performance measures.
Supplementary material 3 from: Connolly BM, Powers J, Mack RN (2017) Biotic constraints on the establishment and performance of native, naturalized, and invasive plants in Pacific Northwest (USA) steppe and forest. NeoBiota 34: 21-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.34.10820
Table S2–S3, Figures S2–S3 : Explanation note: Generalized mixed model output and summary graphs using species, rather than plant immigration class, as a fixed factor in models assessing plant establishment counts and individual plant growth.
Supplementary material 2 from: Connolly BM, Powers J, Mack RN (2017) Biotic constraints on the establishment and performance of native, naturalized, and invasive plants in Pacific Northwest (USA) steppe and forest. NeoBiota 34: 21-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.34.10820
Methods S1 and Figure S1 : Explanation note: Protocol and results figure summarizing light transmittance in disturbed vs. undisturbed plots in PNW steppe and forest.
Supplementary material 4 from: Schiffleithner V, Essl F (2016) Is it worth the effort? Spread and management success of invasive alien plant species in a Central European National Park. NeoBiota 31: 43-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.31.8071
Table S2. Percentage and numbers of populations of the three study species : Explanation note: Percentage and numbers of populations of the three study species in the five size classes (1 = 0–10m², 2 = 10–100m², 3 = 100–1,000m², 4 = 1,000–10,000m², 5 = >10,000m²) in the National Park Thayatal-Podyjí in 2010. Density classes (according to Braun-Blanquet 1964) are provided for Fallopia × bohemica and Impatiens glandulifera.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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