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322 results for “Poison frog”
FIGURE 3 in A new species of poison frog (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) from the Andean mountains of Tolima, Colombia
FIGURE 3. Map of Colombia showing (arrow) the type locality of Ranitomeya tolimense.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Andean poison frog, Andinobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae), from the northwestern Andes of Colombia
FIGURE 5. Male of A. cassidyhornae sp. nov. carrying a tadpole (photo © 2012 L. Mazariegos).
Contrasting environmental drivers of genetic of genetic and phenotypic divergence in an Andean poison frog
<p>Phenotypic and genetic divergence are shaped by the homogenizing effects of gene flow and the differentiating processes of genetic drift and local adaptation. Herein, we examined the mechanisms that underlie phenotypic (size and color) and genetic divergence in 35 populations (535 individuals) of the poison frog <em>Epipedobates anthonyi</em> along four elevational gradients (0–1800 m asl) in the Ecuadorian Andes. We found phenotypic divergence in size and color despite relatively low genetic divergence at neutral microsatellite loci. Genetic and phenotypic divergence were both explained by landscape resistance between sites (isolation-by-resistance, IBR), likely due to a cold and dry mountain ridge between the northern and southern elevational transects that limits dispersal and separates two color morphs. Moreover, environmental differences among sites also explained genetic and phenotypic divergence, suggesting isolation-by-environment (IBE). When northern and southern transects were analyzed separately, genetic divergence was predicted either by distance (isolation-by-distance, IBD; northern) or environmental resistance between sites (IBR; southern). In contrast, phenotypic divergence was primarily explained by environmental differences among sites, supporting the IBE hypothesis. These results indicate that although distance and geographic barriers are important drivers of population divergence, environmental variation has a two-fold effect on population divergence. On the one hand, landscape resistance between sites reduces gene flow (IBR), while on the other hand, environmental differences among sites exert divergent selective pressures on phenotypic traits (IBE). Our work highlights the importance of studying both genetic and phenotypic divergence to better understand the processes of population divergence and speciation along ecological gradients.</p>
What makes a mimic? Orange, red, and black color production in the mimic poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator)
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F in Advertisement calls of Neotropical poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) of the genera Colostethus, Dendrobates and Epipedobates, with notes on dendrobatid call classification
F. 1. Oscillogram and audiospectrogram of the advertisement call of Colostethus brunneus.
Figure 2 from: Rabeling C, Sosa-Calvo J, O'Connell LA, Coloma LA, Fernández F (2016) Lenomyrmex hoelldobleri: a new ant species discovered in the stomach of the dendrobatid poison frog, Oophaga sylvatica (Funkhouser). ZooKeys 618: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9692
Figure 2 - Worker of Lenomyrmex costatus in full-face (A), dorsal (B), and lateral (C) views. The depicted worker is the holotype with the unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT00036069. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C).
Figure 1 from: Rabeling C, Sosa-Calvo J, O'Connell LA, Coloma LA, Fernández F (2016) Lenomyrmex hoelldobleri: a new ant species discovered in the stomach of the dendrobatid poison frog, Oophaga sylvatica (Funkhouser). ZooKeys 618: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9692
Figure 1 - Worker of Lenomyrmex hoelldobleri in full-face (A), dorsal (B), and lateral (C) views. The depicted worker is the holotype with the unique specimen identifier USNMENT01124322. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C).
Figure 3 from: Rabeling C, Sosa-Calvo J, O'Connell LA, Coloma LA, Fernández F (2016) Lenomyrmex hoelldobleri: a new ant species discovered in the stomach of the dendrobatid poison frog, Oophaga sylvatica (Funkhouser). ZooKeys 618: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9692
Figure 3 - Dealate gyne of Lenomyrmex foveolatus in full-face (A), dorsal (B), and lateral (C) views. The depicted gyne has the unique specimen identifier USNMENT01127956. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C).
1 in Intraspecific Call Variation in the Mimic Poison Frog Ranitomeya imitator
1+ tanh 2x ae ‾c ŋ= +ŋ min 2 ŋ max ‾ 1 ŋmin
Data from: Coarse dark patterning functionally constrains adaptive shifts from aposematism to crypsis in strawberry poison frogs
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Contrasting environmental drivers of genetic of genetic and phenotypic divergence in an Andean poison frog
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Land use impacts poison frog chemical defenses through changes in leaf litter ant communities
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Data from: Warning signal brightness variation: sexual selection may work under the radar of natural selection in populations of a polytypic poison frog
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Links between prey assemblages and poison frog toxins: a landscape ecology approach to assess how biotic interactions affect species phenotypes
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Figure 4 from: Rabeling C, Sosa-Calvo J, O'Connell LA, Coloma LA, Fernández F (2016) Lenomyrmex hoelldobleri: a new ant species discovered in the stomach of the dendrobatid poison frog, Oophaga sylvatica (Funkhouser). ZooKeys 618: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.618.9692
Figure 4 - Geographic distribution of the genus Lenomyrmex in Central and South America.
Data from: Fast molecular evolution associated with high active metabolic rates in poison frogs
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FIGURE 43 in A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083
FIGURE 43. Potential examples of mimicry in Ranitomeya. A. Ranitomeya uakarii and R. toraro from western Brazil. B. Ranitomeya amazonica and R. reticulata from undisclosed locality in Loreto, Peru. C. Ranitomeya imitator, R. variabilis, R. fantastica from Varadero, Loreto, Peru. In this population, individuals of R. imitator display a cline of morphologies, usually closely resembling local morphs of either R. variabilis or R. fantastica. D. Ranitomeya imitator, R. variabilis and R. fantastica from Pongo de Cainarachi, San Martin, Peru. In this population (and surrounding areas), individuals of R. imitator and R. fantastica (nearby populations possess considerably more orange on the head and dorsum and lack the appearance of 2 black stripes down the dorsum) appear similar to widespread lowland morph of R. variabilis. E. Ranitomeya imitator and R. variabilis from Cainarachi Valley, San Martin, Peru. F. Ranitomeya imitator and R. summersi from Sauce, San Martin, Peru. See Symula et al. 2001 for analyses of D, E and F as cases of Müllerian mimicry.
FIGURE 32. Ranitomeya Plate 11. variabilis group. A–P in A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083
FIGURE 32. Ranitomeya Plate 11. variabilis group. A–P: Ranitomeya variabilis (Highland morph): A: Chazuta, San Martin, Peru; B–G: Upper Cainarachi Valley, San Martin, Peru (Ω); H & I: Borja, Loreto, Peru (24, 46Φ); J: Parque Nacional Ichigkat Muja, Amazonas (D. Rodriquez-Mercado); K: Saposoa, San Martin, Peru (Ω); L: Comparision between Saposoa and upper Cainarachi Valley populations (respectively); M: Xanthosoma sp. that was being used by R. variabilis for tadpole and egg deposition near Saposoa, San Martin, Peru; N: Saposoa, San Martin, Peru (Ω); O: Tocache, San Martin, Peru (C. Torres); P: Macas, Morona Santiago, Ecuador (J. Verkade, Ω). (nΦ = number of individual in phylogeny, Ω = population sampled in phylogeny).
FIGURE 27. Ranitomeya Plate 10 in A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083
FIGURE 27. Ranitomeya Plate 10. vanzolinii group: A–F: Ranitomeya sirensis (all from Peru): A–D: near Contamana, Loreto (JLB and G. Gagliardi, 1-3Φ); E: uncertain locality, likely Iscozacin, Junin (7 Φ); F: Estación Biológica Paujil, Junin (L. Schulte). (nΦ = number of individual in phylogeny).
Figure 2 in Advertisement call, tadpole morphology, and other natural history aspects of the threatened poison frog Andinobates daleswansoni (Dendrobatidae)
Figure 2. Aerial image of the Selva de Florencia National Natural Park (shadow brown area) and its location in the Central Andes of Colombia. Red square represents the site where the study was conducted. The red dots represent historical records of A. daleswansoni (Rueda-Almonacid et al. 2006; Brown et al. 2011; Duarte-Marín et al. 2018), and the red star represents the type locality of the species ('El Estadero', Municipality of Florencia, Caldas). The orange dots indicate records for Andinobates opisthomelas, a morphological similar species to A. daleswansoni (Ruiz-Carranza et al. 1996; Brown et al. 2011). Note that this study was performed in the municipality of Pensilvania, where A. opisthomelas has not been recorded.
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