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FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 1. Location of the study area; 1) Geographical context of the Guadiana River basin in the Iberian Peninsula (Europe). Adapted from chguadiana.es (2012). Coordinate system: Datum ETRS89 UTM Zone 30N; 2) Study area: Map of the Guadiana Estuary with site locations.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 7. Distribution patterns of the common to dominant species in the samples collected in winter along a distance-to-sea and elevation gradients (in relation to MSL).

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of the foraminifera specimens. Scale bar equals 100 µm. 1-4- different sized specimens of Bolivina ordinaria Phleger and Parker, 1952, new name; 5- Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny, 1839b); 6-7- Cornuspira involvens (Reuss 1850); 8-10- Miliolid sp1; 8- apertural view; 9- front view; 10- back view; 11- 13- Miliolid sp2; 11- apertural view; 12- front view; 13- back view; 14-16- Miliolid sp3; 14- front view; 15- apertural view; 16- back view; 17-18- Miliolid sp4; 17- apertural view; 18- front view; 19-21- Miliolid sp5; 19- apertural view; 20- front view; 21- back view; 22-23- Miliolid sp6; 22- front and apertural view; 23- back view; 24-26- Miliolid sp7; 24- front view; 25- apertural view; 26- front and apertural view; 27-29- Miliolid sp8; 27- front view; 28- apertural view; 29- front view of a smaller specimen.

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 8. Distribution patterns of the common to dominant species in the samples collected in summer along a distance-to-sea and elevation gradients (in relation to MSL).

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron and light microscope micrographs of the foraminifera specimens. Scale bar equals 100 µm except where noted otherwhise; 1-2- Jadammina macrescens (Brady, 1870); 1- supplementary apertures view; 2- detail of supplementary apertures (scale bar = 50 µm); 3-4- Lepidodeuterammina plymouthensis Brönnimann and Whittaker, 1990; 3- dorsal view; 4- ventral view; 5-8- Lepidodeuterammina ochracea (Williamson, 1858); 5- dorsal view; 6- ventral view; 7- dorsal view of a smaller specimen; 8- ventral view of a smaller specimen; 9-10- Portatrochammina sp.; 9- dorsal view; 10- ventral view; 11-13- Siphotrochammina sp.; 11- dorsal side with inter-cameral foramen view; 12- dorsal view of a smaller specimen, also with inter-cameral foramen; 13- ventral view of a smaller specimen; 14-16- Tiphotrocha comprimata Saunders, 1957; 14- dorsal view; 15- ventral view; 16- individual strongly attached to a sea-grass leaf; detail of a Pinus pollen grain at the center of the leaf; 17-21- Trochammina inflata (Montagu, 1808); 17- dorsal view; 18- ventral view; 19- ventral view with umbilical tube detail; 20- microspheric form dorsal view; 21- microspheric form ventral view; 22- Eggerelloides scaber (Williamson, 1858); 23-25- Textularia earlandi Parker, 1952; 23- apertural view; 24- lateral view; 25- profile view with aperture in detail; 26-29- Discorinopsis aguayoi (Bermúdez, 1935); 26- scanning electron dorsal view; 27- scanning electron ventral view; 28- light microscope dorsal view; 29- light microscope ventral view.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 6. RDA attribute plot representing the distribution and abundance of the dominant species in Guadiana Estuary according to elevation and distance-to-sea variables.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron and light microscope micrographs of the foraminifera specimens. Scale bar equals 100 µm. 1- Lamarckina haliotidea (Heron-Allen and Earland, 1911) ventral view; 2-3- Asterigerinata mamilla (Williamson, 1858); 2- dorsal view; 3- ventral view; 4-5- Discorbis sp.; 4- dorsal view; 5- ventral view; 6-7- Helenina anderseni (Warren, 1957); 6- dorsal view; 7- ventral view; 8- Haynesina depressula (Walker and Jacob, 1798) side view; 9- Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg, 1840) side view; 10- Elphidium advenum (Cushman, 1922) side view; 11- Elphidium excavatum (Terquem, 1875) side view; 12-15- Elphidium wiliamsoni Haynes, 1973; 12- side view in light microscope image; 13- side view in scanning electron image; 14- profile view in scanning electron image; 15- side view of a smaller specimen in scanning electron image; 16-18- side view of different size Elphidium gerthi Van Voorthuysen, 1957; 19-21- Elphidium oceanensis (d'Orbigny, 1826); 19- side view in scanning electron image; 20- profile view in scanning electron image; 21- side view in light microscope image; 22- Elphidium poeyanum (d'Orbigny, 1826) side view; 24-27- Ammonia sp1; 24- dorsal view; 25- profile view; 26- ventral view; 27- dorsal view in light microscope image; 28-31- Ammonia sp2 (Ammonia aberdoveyensis Haynes, 1973); 28- dorsal view; 29- profile view; 30- ventral view; 31- dorsal view in light microscope image; 32-35- Ammonia sp3 (Ammonia aberdoveyensis Haynes, 1973); 32- dorsal view; 33- profile view; 34- ventral view; 35- dorsal view in light microscope image.

FIGURE 16. 1 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 16. 1, Geological map of Arruda Sub-basin (modified Zbyszewski and Torre de Assunção, 1965; Zbyszewski et al., 1966) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for Arruda Sub-basin based on Kullberg et al. (2006) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn – Chronostratigraphy.

FIGURE 15 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 15. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from sediments of the Sobral Fm. and Bombarral Fm. of the coastal sector of Praia da Consolação-Lourinhã-Torres Vedras: 1-2,?Macronaria indet., spatulate tooth (SHN 122, Peralta) in labial (1) and lingual (2) views; 3-6, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped teeth (SHN 550 and 551, Peralta) in labial (3, 5) and lingual (4, 6) views; 7, Sauropoda indet., left dorsal transverse process (MG 8809, Atalaia) in dorsal view; 8, Eusauropoda indet., anterior caudal vertebra (MNHNUL.P.R27) in posterior view (Praia da Areia Branca); 9-14, lectotype material of Lusotitan atalaiensis (Peralta), anterior caudal vertebra MG 4985- 2 (11) and MG 4985-4 (9) in posterior view, left astragalus (MG 4803) in posterior view (10), right humerus (MG 4989) in anterior view (12), right radius (MG 4958) in anterior view (13), right tibia (MG 4981) in posterior view (14); 15, Titanosauriformes indet., a proximal end of left femur (MG 4986, Praia da Areia Branca) in anterior view; 16-19, Eusauropoda indet., partial tail (GeoFCUL(AB), Areia Branca), middle chevron in posterior view (16), middle caudal vertebra GeoFCUL(AB) 22 in anterior view (17), GeoFCUL(AB) 21 in left view (18), GeoFCUL(AB) 20 in posterior view (19). Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 1 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.

FIGURE 20 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 20. Dorsal vertebrae in the field of a partial skeleton (SHN 531) collected in Casal da Costa (Cambelas) in 2003, and correspond to a member of Camarasauridae clade.

FIGURE 7 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 7. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from the coastal sector from Foz do Arelho to Nazaré: 1-3, Eusauropod material (MMPM.P/551) found near the São Martinho do Porto locality, middle caudal vertebra in anterior (1) and right (2) views and a partial anterior or middle chevron in posterior view (3); 4-5,?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (MG 4832, São Martinho do Porto) in lingual (4) and labial (5) views; 6-7,?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN 501, Praia da Gralha) in labial (6) and lingual (7) views; 8, Eusauropoda indet., anterior dorsal neural spine (MG 4920, Foz do Arelho) in anterior view; 9-10,? Macronaria indet., spatulate tooth (SHN 517, Foz do Arelho) in lingual (9) and labial (10) views; 11-13,?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN 508, Serra do Bouro) in lingual (11), labial (12) and distal (13) views; 14-15,?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN 512, Foz do Arelho) in lingual (14) and labial (15) views; 16-17,?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN (JJS) 146, Salir do Porto) in lingual (16) and labial (17) views; 18, Sauropoda indet., middle caudal vertebra (SHN 537, Salir do Porto) in left view. Black scale bar: 5 cm; Grey scale bar: 0.5 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.

FIGURE 10. 1 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 10. 1, Geological map of the Peniche area (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin, and considered part of the Consolação Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Camarate França et al., 1960; Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida, 1960; Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for the Peniche area based on Manuppella et al. (1999, first column) and Hill (1988, second column) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. 3) Sediments of the Bombarral Formation in the Almagreira Cliffs. Crn – Chronostratigraphy; *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.

FIGURE 9 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 9. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from the Alcobaça, Bombarral and A-dos-Cunhados region: 1- 2, Eusauropoda indet., left astragalus (MMPM.P/75, Imaginário) in proximal (1) and posterior (2) views; 3-4, Diplodocinae indet., middle caudal vertebra (MG 4819, São Gregório da Fanadia) in right (3) and ventral (4) views; 5, Sauropoda indet., anterior caudal vertebra (MG 4804, Salir de Matos) in right view; 6-7,?Turiasauria indet., heartshaped tooth (MG 277, Fervença) in labial (6) and lingual (7) views; 8, Diplodocinae indet., middle or posterior dorsal vertebra (ML 418, Moita dos Ferreiros) in posterior view. Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 0.5cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.

FIGURE 4. 1 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 4. 1, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence in the Pombal, Leiria, and Batalha areas (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin) (Manuppella et al., 2000; Kullberg et al., 2006; Escaso et al., 2007a; Malafaia et al., 2010a) with distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. 2-3, Geological map of Pombal (2) and Leiria and Batalha (3) areas with localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda (modified from Teixeira et al., 1966; Zbyszewski et al., 1974; Zbyszewski and Ferreira, 1978; Manuppella et al., 2000). Crn – Chronostratigraphy. *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.

FIGURE 6. 1 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 6. 1, Geological map of the coastal sector from Foz do Arelho to Nazaré area (located on the Bombarral Subbasin, and considered part of the Consolação Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida, 1960; Camarate França and Zbyszewski, 1963; Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for the coastal sector from Foz do Arelho to Nazaré sector based on Azerêdo et al. (2010) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn – Chronostratigraphy; *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.

FIGURE 1 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 1. Geological map (adapted from Oliveira et al., 1992) showing the Portuguese Mesozoic levels outcropping in the Lusitanian Basin. ASb – Arruda Subbasin; BSb – Bombarral Sub-basin, cd – Caldas Diapir; CR – Caldas da Rainha town; TSb – Turcifal Sub-basin.

FIGURE 2 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 2. Lusitanian Basin (divided into three sectors following Ribeiro et al., 1996) with the location of the Upper Jurassic sub-basins following two different interpretations: (1) location of Bombarral, Turcifal and Arruda Sub-basins (Guery, 1984; Kullberg, 2000; Kullberg et al., 2006) (modified from Kullberg, 2000); (2) location of Bombarral-Alcobaça, Consolação, Arruda and Turcufal Sub-basin (modified from Taylor et al., 2014).

FIGURE 3 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 3. Stratigraphic correlation between the nomenclature proposed for the Upper Jurassic sub-basin of the central sector of the Lusitaninan Basin [Bombarral Sub-basin is split in several areas: Consolação Sub-basin areas (Torres Vedras-Lourinhã-Peniche and Foz do Arelho-Nazaré coastal sector), Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin area, Batalha-Leiria region and Pombal region], from the left to the right: i) Arruda Sub-basin (Kullberg et al., 2006); ii) Turcifal Sub-basin (Pereda-Suberbiola et al.,2005; Kullberg et al., 2006; Schneider et al., 2009); ii) Arruda Sub-basin (Kullberg et al., 2006); iii) Torres Vedras-Lourinhã-Peniche (Manuppella et al., 1999), iv) Foz do Arelho-Nazaré coastal sector (Kullberg et al., 2006; Azerêdo et al., 2010); v) Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin area (Kullberg et al., 2006; Azerêdo et al., 2010); vi) Batalha-Leiria region (Manuppella et al., 2000; Kullberg et al. 2006; Escaso et al., 2007a) and vii) Pombal region (Kullberg et al., 2006; Malafaia et al., 2010a). The stratigraphy proposed by Hill (1988) for the coastal sector from Porto da Calada to Salir do Porto is also plotted. Crn – Chronostratigraphy; **sensu Yagüe et al., 2006. The right column shows the known stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades along the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sedimentary sequence in the Lusitanian Basin. The black bar indicates the known stratigraphic distribution of the established sauropod taxa (1, Zby atlanticus; 2, Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis; 3, Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis; 4, Lusotitan atalaiensis); CSb, Consolação Sub-Basin (following Taylor et al., 2014).

FIGURE 8. 1 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 8. 1, Geological map of the Alcobaça, Bombarral and A-dos-Cunhados region (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin, and considered part of the Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Camarate França et al., 1960; Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida, 1960; Camarate França and Zbyszewski, 1963; Zbyszewski and Torre de Assunção, 1965; Zbyszewski et al., 1966; Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin (stratigraphy based on Kullberg et al., 2006 and Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn – Chronostratigraphy. *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.

FIGURE 5 in Upper Jurassic sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and lithostratigraphical distribution

FIGURE 5. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from Pombal, Leiria, and Batalha areas: 1, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (MG 8779, Ourém) in labial view; 2-3, Macronarian indet., compressed conechisel-shaped tooth (MG 27891, Guimarota) in labial (2) and lingual (3) views; 4, Sauropoda indet., middle or posterior caudal vertebra (MG 4811, Albergaria dos Doze) in right view; 5, Diplodocoidea indet., pencil-shaped teeth (MNHNUL.P.AND303, Andrés) in labial view; 6-7,?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (MG 16, Ourém) in lingual (6) and labial (7) views; 8-9, Eusauropoda indet., posterior or middle dorsal neural spine (MNHN.unnumbered, Vermoil) in posterior (8) and anterior (9) views; 10-13, Sauropoda indet., anterior, and middle caudal vertebra from a partial caudal series (MG 4974, Abadia) in posterior (10, 12) and right (11, 13) views; 14, sauropod fossil-site in Junqueira locality (Pombal); 15-18, sauropod material from near Batalha (MG 30389) that might represent an indeterminate diplodocine, middle caudal vertebra in ventral (15) and right (16) views, partial posterior (?) dorsal centrum in right view (17), and partial ischiatic peduncle in lateral view (18). Black scale bar: 10 cm; Gray scale bar: 0.5cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.