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Fig. 5 in Redescription of the Sea Anemone Exocoelactis actinostoloides (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) Based on a Topotypic Specimen Collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan

Fig. 5. Images of histological sections of Exocoelactis actinostoloides (CMNH ZG 05926). A–B, longitudinal sections of mesogloeal sphincter; C–D, transverse sections of tentacular longitudinal muscle; E, transverse section of mesenterial retractor muscle; F, oocyte with trophonema. Abbreviations: cm, column; ed, epidermis; en, enteron; gd, gastrodermis; gv, germinal vesicle; mf, mesenterial filament; mg, mesogloea; oc, oocytes; pm, parietobasilar muscle; rm, retractor muscle; sm, sphincter muscle; te, tentacle; tm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; tr, trophonema. Arrows in B and D: muscle fibers. Scale bars: 500 µm for A, C, E; 50 µm for B, D, F.

Figure 5 from: Laird MC, Griffiths CL (2016) Additions to the South African sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) fauna, with expanded distributional ranges for known species. African Invertebrates 57(1): 15-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.57.8459

Figure 5 - Six of the twelve species recorded from South Africa for the first time: A Triactis producta (30 mm) B Heteractis aurora (50 mm) C Heteractis crispa (50 mm) D Heteractis malu (40 mm) E Stichodactyla haddoni (100 mm) and F Cryptodendrum adhaesivum (150 mm). Photographs taken by Dr Megan Laird (A–C, F), Christo Van Jaarsveld (D) and Dr Kerry Sink (E).

Figure 3 from: Laird MC, Griffiths CL (2016) Additions to the South African sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) fauna, with expanded distributional ranges for known species. African Invertebrates 57(1): 15-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.57.8459

Figure 3 - The two new species of sea anemone reported in this study: A Halianthella sp. n. (3 mm) and B Anthostella sp. n. (10 mm). Photographs taken by Guido Zsilavecz (A) and Megan Laird (B).

Figure 1 from: Laird MC, Griffiths CL (2016) Additions to the South African sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) fauna, with expanded distributional ranges for known species. African Invertebrates 57(1): 15-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.57.8459

Figure 1 - Map of South Africa showing places mentioned in the text: 1 St Helena Bay 2 Cape Columbine 3 Saldanha Bay 4 Langebaan Lagoon 5 Table Bay 6 Sea Point 7 Oudekraal 8 Kommetjie 9 Cape of Good Hope 10 False Bay 11 Cape Hangklip, and 12 Bhanga Nek (Mozambique border).

Figure 4 from: Laird MC, Griffiths CL (2016) Additions to the South African sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) fauna, with expanded distributional ranges for known species. African Invertebrates 57(1): 15-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.57.8459

Figure 4 - Six of the twelve species recorded from South Africa for the first time: A Actinoscyphia plebeia (20 mm) B Peachia paracitica (2 mm) C Peachia sp. (20 mm) D Pseudactinia sp. (10 mm) E Megalactis griffithsi (10 mm) and F Alicia sansibarensis (20 mm). Photographs taken by Dr Lara Atkinson (A), Dr Megan Laird (B, E), Andre Aggenbach (C), Dr Bernard Picton (D) and Dr Kerry Sink (F).

Figure 5 from: Hancock ZB, Goeke JA, Wicksten MK (2017) A sea anemone of many names: a review of the taxonomy and distribution of the invasive actiniarian Diadumene lineata (Diadumenidae), with records of its reappearance on the Texas coast. ZooKeys 706: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.19848

Figure 5 - A map showing name usage by location for the synonyms of D. lineata, not including misspelled names. Inset shows Britain and the northern coast of Europe where there is a very high density of references (adapted from Fautin 2015).

Figure 4 from: Hancock ZB, Goeke JA, Wicksten MK (2017) A sea anemone of many names: a review of the taxonomy and distribution of the invasive actiniarian Diadumene lineata (Diadumenidae), with records of its reappearance on the Texas coast. ZooKeys 706: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.19848

Figure 4 - Synonymy flowchart, including misidentifications (i.e., Chrysoela chrysosplenium and Actinothoe pustulata). Synonyms based on misspellings have been omitted.

Figure 3 from: Hancock ZB, Goeke JA, Wicksten MK (2017) A sea anemone of many names: a review of the taxonomy and distribution of the invasive actiniarian Diadumene lineata (Diadumenidae), with records of its reappearance on the Texas coast. ZooKeys 706: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.19848

Figure 3 - A view of the Sportsman Road site. The circled area indicates where anemones were sampled from in this study; anemones have also previously been located on the jetty in the background (Wicksten, pers. obs.).

Figure 6 from: Hancock ZB, Goeke JA, Wicksten MK (2017) A sea anemone of many names: a review of the taxonomy and distribution of the invasive actiniarian Diadumene lineata (Diadumenidae), with records of its reappearance on the Texas coast. ZooKeys 706: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.19848

Figure 6 - Histogram showing the shift in name usage over time. In the time period 2000-2011, Diadumene lineata showed the greatest increase in usage. Data compiled from Fautin (2015).

Figure 1 from: Hancock ZB, Goeke JA, Wicksten MK (2017) A sea anemone of many names: a review of the taxonomy and distribution of the invasive actiniarian Diadumene lineata (Diadumenidae), with records of its reappearance on the Texas coast. ZooKeys 706: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.19848

Figure 1 - Diadumene lineata at Sportsman Road on Galveston Island with tentacles fully retracted (a), and with tentacles extended (b).

Figure 2 from: Hancock ZB, Goeke JA, Wicksten MK (2017) A sea anemone of many names: a review of the taxonomy and distribution of the invasive actiniarian Diadumene lineata (Diadumenidae), with records of its reappearance on the Texas coast. ZooKeys 706: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.706.19848

Figure 2 - Map showing the Texas Coast with Port Aransas and Galveston marked. Inset shows the three locations around Galveston Bay where D. lineata populations were found: East Beach (29°19.9'N; 94°43.5'W), Bolivar jetty (29°22.2'N; 94°45.0'W), and Sportsman Road (29°15.2'N; 94°55.1'W).

Figure 2 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 2 Holotype of Phymanthuspinnulatum Martens in Klunzinger, 1877 A entire specimen present at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB Cni 1324), Germany B three pieces of the holotype removed from the Berlin specimen now at Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (NRS76), Stockholm, Sweden. Abbreviations: m, mesenteries. mt, marginal tentacles. mf, mesenterial filaments. mp, marginal projection. o, oral disc. pd, pedal disc. Photographs by NWL Yap.

Figure 1 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 1 Map of Singapore where specimens of Phymanthuspinnulatus were collected for this study: 1, Berlayer Creek (1°15'56"N; 103°48'25"E); 2, Big Sisters' Island (Pulau Subar Laut) (1°12'50"N; 103°50'05"E); 3, Changi East Beaches (1°18'45"N; 104°00'31"E); 4, Chek Jawa (1°24'25"N; 103°59'23"E); 5, Cyrene Reef (Terumbu Pandan) (1°15'28"N; 103°45'19"E); 6, East Coast Park Beaches (1°17'36"N; 103°53'46"E); 7, Kusu Island (Pulau Tembakul) (1°13'25"N; 103°51'39"E); 8, Pulau Hantu (1°13'35"N; 103°45'03"E); 9, Pulau Jong (1°12'54"N; 103°47'12"E); 10, Pulau Sekudu (1°24'19"N; 103°59'17"E); 11, Pulau Semakau (1°11'58"N; 103°45'31"E); 12, Pulau Tekukor (1°13'51"N; 103°50'18"E); 13, Sentosa (Tanjong Rimau) (1°14'47"N; 103°49'56"E); 14, St John's Island (1°13'17"N; 103°50'55"E); 15, Tanah Merah (1°18'45"N; 103°59'34"E); 16, Terumbu Bemban (1°12'36"N; 103°44'27"E); 17, Terumbu Pempang Tengah (1°13'33"N; 103°43'50"E); 18, Terumbu Raya (1°12'46"N; 103°45'09"E); 19, Terumbu Semakau (1°12'46"N; 103°46'07"E).

Figure 5 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 5 Detail of the oral discs of Phymanthuspinnulatus, external morphology A top view of discal tentacles present on a live individual, arranged as radial rows between intermesenterial spaces, extending from the mouth towards the region of the marginal tentacles (ZRC.CNI.1361) B side view of discal tentacles of a living specimen; note the low and reduced elevation of tentacles (ZRC.CNI.1046) C faint and reduced radial rows of discal tentacles (arrowed) present on a recent, formalin-fixed specimen (ZRC.CNI.1345) D very reduced and barely noticeable remnants of discal tentacles (arrowed) present on the holotype (NRS76); note that this specimen was preserved before 1877. Abbreviations: m, mesenteries; mt, marginal tentacles. Photographs by NWL Yap.

Figure 7 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 7 Cnidae of PhymanthuspinnulatusA spirocyst B basitrich C spirocyst D basitrich E spirocyst F basitrich G basitrich H basitrich I basitrich J microbasic p-mastigophore K small basitrich L large basitrich M microbasic p-mastigophore. Scale bar: 10 μm. Photographs by NWL Yap.

Figure 6 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 6 Internal musculature of PhymanthuspinnulatusA longitudinal section of ZRC.CNI.0321 at the margin, showing lack of marginal sphincter muscle. Fosse is indicated by a black star B cross-section of ZRC.CNI.0993. Note the presence of well-developed retractor muscles (white star), and oocytes. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; d, directives; mp, marginal projection; mt, marginal tentacle; pb, parietolbasilar muscle. Scale bar: 10 mm. Photographs by NWL Yap.

Figure 4 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 4 Marginal tentacle and marginal projection appearance of PhymanthuspinnulatusA close-up of ramified protuberances of a living specimen. Photograph by NWL Yap B close-up of protuberances from a fixed specimen (ZRC.CNI.1345); note that finer details of protuberance branching are lost in preserved/fixed specimens, branching of protuberances now appear as knobs. Photograph by NWL Yap C a morphotype of that lacks ramified protuberances. Note that this individual (ZRC.CNI.1029) is atypical as it has lesser marginal tentacles, by which are also octo-ramously arranged. Photograph by NWL Yap. D a "smooth" tentacle morphotype, in situ. Photograph by R Tan E close-up of a marginal tentacle tip from a fixed specimen (ZRC.CNI.1342). Note absence of perforation at tip F close-up of a row of marginal projections of a fixed specimen (ZRC.CNI.1342). Note perforations (arrowed). Abbreviations: mt, marginal tentacles; mtt, marginal tentacle tip; p, protuberances. Photographs by NWL Yap.

Figure 3 from: Yap NWL, Tan R, Yong CLX, Tan KS, Huang D (2019) Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. ZooKeys 840: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.31390

Figure 3 Living specimens of Phymanthuspinnulatus, external morphology of oral end A expanded individual of green "banded" colour morph, in situ. Photograph by R Tan B an expanded slaty-green "plain" coloured individual, with extensive branching of its protuberances, in situ. Photograph by R Tan C a third colour morph with brilliant electric blue marginal tentacles, in situ. Photograph by NWL Yap D a partially contracted individual in situ, with its oral end protruding from the substratum; note longitudinal rows of verrucae along intermesenterial spaces, extending proximally from the oral end towards mid column, in situ. Photograph by R Tan.

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

Figure 2 in First records of the sea anemones Stichodactyla tapetum and Stichodactyla haddoni (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Stichodactylidae) from the southeast of Iran, Chabahar (Sea of Oman)

Figure 2. Stichodactyla haddoni (Saville-Kent, 1893): (A) S. haddoni under laboratory conditions; cream and light or dark brown with white streaks. The mouth is orange and pedal disc is light brown to cream. About 12 mm around the mouth is devoid of tentacles. (B) The other one is a blend of different colors, dark brown and green and purple in some parts. (C) Green or opaque green with light green streaks at the margin of oral disc. (D) S. haddoni associated with anemone shrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis (Schenkel, 1902). In all photos: P.d = pedal disc; M = mouth; En = endocoelic tentacles; Ex = exocoelic tentacles; A.S= anemone shrimp. Scale bars: A, 9 cm; B, 10 cm; C, 7 cm; D, 2.54 cm. Photos A–C: Mohammad Bahman; Photo D: Sina Manavi Shaad.