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FIG. 34 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 34. — Lythraceae: A, Lafoensia vandelliana DC. ex Cham. & Schltdl. (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5104). Malpighiaceae: B, Bunchosia argentea (Jacq.) DC. (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5738); C, Byrsonima stipulacea A.Juss. (D. Sabatier 4862); D, Byrsonima krukoffii W.R.Anderson (D. Sabatier 3526); E, Byrsonima laevigata (Poir.) DC. (D. Sabatier 5575). © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 10 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 10. — Aquifoliaceae: A, Ilex sp. B (D. Sabatier et al. 4715). Araliaceae: B, Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Decne. & Planch. (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5723). Arecaceae: C, Astrocaryum rodriguesii Trail (D. Sabatier & M.-F. Prévost 4921); D, Manicaria saccifera Gaertn. © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 13 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 13. — Burseraceae: A, Protium tenuifolium (Engl.) Engl. (J.-F. Molino & D. Sabatier 2248); B, Trattinnickia burserifolia Mart. (M.-F. Prévost 4566). Calophyllaceae: C, Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5002); D, Mahurea palustris Aubl. (D. Sabatier & M.-F. Prévost 3021). A, © J.-F. Molino/ IRD; B, © M.-F. Prévost/IRD; C, D, © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 17 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 17. — Chrysobalanaceae: A, Hirtella paniculata Sw. (M.-F. Prévost 3856); B, Hymenopus amapaensis (Prance) Sothers & Prance (M.-F. Prévost & D. Sabatier 3002); C, Hymenopus latistipulus (Prance) Sothers & Prance (M.-F. Prévost & D. Sabatier 2992); D, Licania ovalifolia Kleinhoonte (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 4835). A-C, © M.-F. Prévost/IRD; D, © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 28 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 28. — Lecythidaceae: A, Couratari calycina Sandwith; B, Couratari stellata A.C.Sm. (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5340); C, Couroupita guianensis Aubl.; D, Eschweilera grandiflora (Aubl.) Sandwith (M.-F. Prévost & D. Sabatier 4826). © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 16 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 16. — Chrysobalanaceae: A, B, Acioa guianensis Aubl.; C, Couepia joaquinae Prance (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5341); D, Gaulettia elata (Ducke) Sothers & Prance (D. Sabatier & M.-F. Prévost 4932); E, Hirtella davisii Sandwith (D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5708). A, B, © M.-F. Prévost/IRD; C-E, © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 26 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 26. — Lauraceae: A, Aiouea guianensis Aubl. (J.-F. Molino et al. 3371); B, Aniba megaphylla Mez (J.-F. Molino & D. Sabatier 2834); C, Aniba williamsii O.C.Schmidt (D. Sabatier & E. Fonty 5662); D-F, Nectandra matogrossensis Coe-Teix. (J.-F. Molino et al. 3406). A, B, D-F, © J.-F. Molino/IRD; C, © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 25 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 25. — Hypericaceae: A, Vismia latifolia (Aubl.) Choisy. Ixonanthaceae: B, Cyrillopsis paraensis Kuhlm. (J.-F. Molino 3429). Lacistemataceae:C, Lacistema polystachyum Schnizl. (J.-F. Molino & D. Sabatier 2367). Lamiaceae:D, Vitex guianensis Moldenke (D. Sabatier 2332). A, D, © D. Sabatier/IRD; B, C, © J.-F. Molino/IRD.

FIG. 24 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 24. — Goupiaceae: A, Goupia glabra Aubl. Hernandiaceae: B, Hernandia guianensis Aubl. (M.-F. Prévost 3500). Humiriaceae: C, Sacoglottis cydonioides Cuatrec. (D. Sabatier & J.-L. Smock 5782); D, Vantanea maculicarpa Sabatier & J.Engel (D. Sabatier 5574). © D. Sabatier/IRD.

FIG. 29 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 29. — Lecythidaceae: A, Eschweilera alata A.C.Sm. (M.-F. Prévost & D. Sabatier 4615); B, Eschweilera decolorans Sandwith (M.-F. Prévost 4214); C, Eschweilera pedicellata (Rich.) S.A.Mori (M.-F. Prévost 4257); D, Lecythis persistens Sagot subsp. aurantiaca S.A.Mori (D. Sabatier et al. 4404). A-C, © M.-F. Prévost/ IRD; D, © J.-F. Molino/IRD.

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Data for: Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests

Understanding the evolutionary processes that shape the landscape of genetic variation and influence the response of species to future climate change is critical for biodiversity conservation. Here, we sampled 27 populations across the distribution range of a dominant forest tree, Quercus acutissima, in East Asia, and applied genome-wide analyses to track the evolutionary history and predict the fate of populations under future climate. We found two genetic groups (East and West) in Q. acutissima that diverged during the Pliocene. We also found a heterogeneous landscape of genomic variation in this species, which may have been shaped by population demography and linked selections. Using genotype-environment association analyses, we identified climate-associated SNPs in a diverse set of genes and functional categories, indicating a model of polygenic adaptation in Q. acutissima. We further estimated three genetic offset metrics to quantify genomic vulnerability of this species to climate change due to the complex interplay between local adaptation and migration. We found that marginal populations are under higher risk of local extinction because of future climate change, and may not be able to track suitable habitats to maintain the gene-environment relationships observed under the current climate. We also detected higher reverse genetic offsets in northern China, indicating that genetic variation currently present in the whole range of Q. acutissima may not adapt to future climate conditions in this area. Overall, this study illustrates how evolutionary processes have shaped the landscape of genomic variation, and provides a comprehensive genome-wide view of climate maladaptation in Q. acutissima.

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Masting is shaped by tree-level attributes and stand structure, more than climate, in a Rocky Mountain conifer species

Many tree species mast, meaning seed production is highly variable from year to year and synchronous within a stand, but this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To better understand how a changing climate, altered disturbance regimes, or novel management strategies might affect future seed production, we quantified the joint influence of both biotic (tree size, age, and neighborhood competition) and abiotic factors (climate and weather) on seed production in a widespread conifer species, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum). We reconstructed individual-level annual cone production across a large portion of this species' range using the cone abscission scar method, and mixed models were used to test hypotheses related to the causes and drivers of masting in this species. Our results suggest that masting in ponderosa pine is a process shaped at the individual-level, and this leads to high, local-scale variation in annual cone production. The effects of weather were strongest at climatically marginal sites, but overall, the joint effects of weather and climate only weakly described individual-level patterns of annual cone production in ponderosa pine (R2m = 1.6%, R2c = 30.1%). Rather, we found that masting was strongly influenced by tree- and stand-level factors such as diameter, age, and local neighborhood density, all of which were associated with the mean, interannual variability, and between-tree synchrony of cone production at the individual-level. Larger and older trees produced more cones, more frequently, and with less synchrony than smaller and younger trees. Open-grown trees experiencing lower levels of neighborhood competition also produced more cones with less interannual variability, but with higher between-tree synchrony. Because tree- and stand-level traits appear to regulate seed production more strongly than climate or weather in this species, management interventions targeting these factors could be powerful tools to manage future tree recruitment. Thus, current efforts to reduce stand density and conserve large trees in some ponderosa pine forests may enhance tree-level seed production and reduce variability in seed crops among years.

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FIG. 5 in An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature

FIG. 5. — Evolution of the census of tree species in French Guiana. For each work, we counted the number of species among the 1783 of the present list that have been included, regardless of the name used. Species that have been listed under two or more different names were counted once. Aublet (1775): 215 spp.; Lemée (1953-1956): 872 spp.; Sabatier (1993): 1200 spp.; Molino et al. (2009): 1592 spp./Évolution du recensement des espèces d'arbres en Guyane française. Pour chaque ouvrage, nous avons compté le nombre d'espèces parmi les 1783 de la liste actuelle qui ont été incluses, quel que soit le nom utilisé. Les espèces qui ont été répertoriées sous deux ou plusieurs noms différents ont été comptées une seule fois. Aublet (1775): 215 spp.; Lemée (1953-1956): 872 espèces; Sabatier (1993): 1200 spp.; Molino et al. (2009): 1592 spp.

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Fig. 1 in Nest Entry Shape Change May Cause Nest Abandonment In Urban Cavity-Nesting Species: A Case Study Of The Tree Sparrow Passer Montanus

Fig. 1. Location of the study area (left) and examples of Tree Sparrow nests at the study sites (right). Site 1: Agricultural Practical Training Center, Chonnam National University,

Fig. 1. A. ASTRAL and B. wASTRAL-hybrid species trees for the superfamily Elapoidea from the 50 in Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family

Fig. 1. A. ASTRAL and B. wASTRAL-hybrid species trees for the superfamily Elapoidea from the 50 % complete dataset, consisting of 4561 loci. Circles on the branch represent a local posterior probability support of 0.95 to 1.0. Abbreviations – AT – Atractaspidinae, CL – Cyclocoridae, EL – Elapidae, LM – Lamprophiinae, MC – Micrelapidae fam. nov., OG – outgroup, PD – Pseudaspidinae, PR – Prosymninae, PS – Psammophiinae, PX – Pseudoxyrhophiinae.

Fig. 2. Maximum Likelihood species tree from the concatenated 50 in Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family

Fig. 2. Maximum Likelihood species tree from the concatenated 50 % complete dataset consisting of 4561 loci. Values on the branch indicate Shimodaira Hasegawalike approximate likelihood ratio test and ultrafast bootstrap. Abbreviations as in Fig. 1.

FIG. 5. — Paramicrosphaeropsis zagrosensis M in Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W.Hou, L.Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran

FIG. 5. — Paramicrosphaeropsis zagrosensis M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (holo-, IRAN[17600F]): A, B, eight-days colony on OA (top and reverse); C, D, eight-days colony on PDA (top and reverse); E, F, old colony on OA (top and reverse); G-I, pycnidia; J, pycnidal wall; K, conidiogenous cells; L, conidia. Scale bars: G, H, 500 µm; I, 200 µm; J, 50 µm; K, L, 20 µm.

FIG. 4. — Paramicrosphaeropsis salandica M in Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W.Hou, L.Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran

FIG. 4. — Paramicrosphaeropsis salandica M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (holo-, IRAN[18137F]): A, B, colony on OA (eightdays and old); C, D, colony on PDA (eight-days and old); E-G pycnidia; H, pycnidal wall; I, conidiogenous cells; J, conidia. Scale bars: E, 500 µm; F, 200 µm; G, 105 µm; H-J, 20 µm.

FIG. 3. — Paramicrosphaeropsis pistacicola M in Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W.Hou, L.Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran

FIG. 3. — Paramicrosphaeropsis pistacicola M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (holo-, IRAN[17598F]): A, B, eight-days colony on OA (top and reverse); C, D, eight-days colony on PDA (top and reverse); E, old colony on OA (top); F, G, pycnidia; H, pycnidal wall; I, conidiogenous cells; J, conidia. Scale bars: F, 500 µm; G, H, 50 µm; I, J, 20 µm.

FIG. 2. — Paramicrosphaeropsis amygdalus M in Revision of the Microsphaeropsis complex with addition of four new Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W.Hou, L.Cai & Crous species from Zagrosian forest trees in Iran

FIG. 2. — Paramicrosphaeropsis amygdalus M.Mehrabi-Koushki, S.Artand, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., sp. nov. (holo-, IRAN[17595F]): A, B, eight-days colony on OA (top and reverse); C, D, old colony on OA (top and reverse); E, F, old colony on PDA (top and reverse); G-I, pycnidia; J, pycnidium extruding conidia; K, pycnidal wall; L, conidiogenous cells; M, conidia. Scale bars: G, 500 µm; H, 200 µm; I, 105 µm; J, 50 µm; K-M, 20 µm.