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536 results for “Tyrannosaurus rex”
Fig. 14 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 14. The right quadrate of RSM P2523.8 in lateral (A) and medial (B) view (ac, articular condyles for the lower jaw; pgw, pterygoid wing; qc, quadrate cotylus; qqf, quadrate-quadratojugal fenestra.
Fig. 13 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 13. The right squamosal of RSM P2523.8 in lateral (A), posterodorsal (B), and anterior (C) view (ltf, lateral temporal fenestra; pnc, pneumatic chamber; pos, postorbital process; qc, quadrate cotylus; qjp, quadratojugal process).
Fig. 11 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 11. The right and left lacrimal of RSM P2523.8 in lateral (A, C) and medial (B, D) view, respectively (af, antorbital fenestra; orb, orbit).
Fig. 12 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 12. The right and left postorbital of RSM P2523.8 in lateral (A, C) and medial (B, D) view, respectively (orb, orbit; pb, postorbital boss; sqp, squamosal process).
Fig. 10 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 10. The right and left jugal of RSM P2523.8 in lateral (A, C) and medial (B, D) view, respectively. Rugose ossification (jugal horn) is present only on the left side (orb, orbit; pf, pneumatic fenestra; pos, postorbital suture; jh, jugal horn).
Fig. 8 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 8. The right and left maxilla of RSM P2523.8 in lateral (A, C) and medial (B, D) view, respectively. (af, antorbital fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; 1–11, maxillary alveoli).
Fig. 7 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 7. The right premaxilla of RSM P2523.8 in labial (A) and lingual (B) view. Four alveoli (1–4) are present.
Fig. 6 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 6. Osteohistology of the right fibula of RSM P2523.8. A, Outer cortical microstructure viewed using incident light microscopy. Note the plethora of secondary osteons indicating dense haversian bone remodeling (HB) and the closely packed remnants of lines of arrested growth (LAGS) nearest the periosteal surface of the element. B, Deep cortical dense haversian remodeling viewed using polarized petrographic microscopy. C, Unorganized, globular and porous, medullar-like bone tissue architecture near the lateral surface of the element. Arrows indicate the borders of secondary osteons (SO), many of which are partially or completely eroded. D, Wedl tunnels created by fungal erosion (FE) associated with the medullar-like bone tissue.
Fig. 5 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 5. Pathologic dorsal rib head of RSM P2523.8. Swollen region suggests an incompletely healed injury or infection.
Fig. 4 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 4. Left maxilla pathology of RSM P2523.8 in lingual (A, B) and ventral (C, D) view. Numbers denote alveoli. Note the ingrowth of interdental bone within the eighth alveolus.
Fig. 2. Select vertebrae from RSM P2523.8. A in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 2. Select vertebrae from RSM P2523.8. A, Dorsal and anterior caudal vertebrae showing variation in the fusion of the neural arch to the centrum. B, The second and third sacral vertebrae, in right lateral view. All scale bars = 10 cm.
Fig. 3. Select appendicular elements from RSM P2523.8. A in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 3. Select appendicular elements from RSM P2523.8. A, The left scapula in lateral view. B, The right femur in anterior view. C, The right fibula in anterior view. D, Right pedal phalanx IV-1 in right lateral view.
Fig. 1 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 1. The osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex RSM P2523.8. A, The disarticulated skull in left and right lateral views, with the braincase in posterior view. Scale bars = 10 cm. B, Composite illustration showing known skeletal elements in approximate articulation.
Fig. 6. 3D in An XXL-CT-scan of an XXL Tyrannosaurus rex skull
Fig. 6. 3D-rendering of the CT dataset with crate sideways removed (left). Cutting through the crate in lateral directions reveals the bone structures inside the sandstone matrix (right).
Figure 6 in An XXL-CT-scan of an XXL Tyrannosaurus rex skull
Figure 6 (left) shows a 3D-rendering of the same dataset. To distinguish the different materials a false-color representation based on the different absorption values of the materials were used. The virtually removed sideways uncovers the wrapping around the skull and sandstone block as well as the additional wooden supporting structures. Figure 6 (right) cuts through the crate in lateral direction and shows the interior of the skull and sandstone block. The white colored structure marks the bone fragments. The next step was to virtually excavate the skull. The good material contrast made it possible to mask out the bulk of the sandstone matrix and the supporting structures by setting appropriate thresholds. High absorption parts like the screws as well as noise particles had to be removed manually. The result of this segmentation can be seen in figure 7. At this stage the segmented skull is still represented by three dimensional pixels (Voxels) with a specific absorption value. To allow for further processing in CAD software e.g. for 3D-printing preparation the segmented skull was converted to a triangular surface mesh in the stl Format.
Fig. 5 in An XXL-CT-scan of an XXL Tyrannosaurus rex skull
Fig. 5. CT slice through the skull. The skull bones clearly stand out from the sandstone matrix and the supporting structures.
Fig. 4 in An XXL-CT-scan of an XXL Tyrannosaurus rex skull
Fig. 4. Top view of crate with skull included when scanning in natural orientation (left) and upright orientation (right). The arrow marks the estimated maximum penetration length for both setups.
in millimeters measurements all, specimens rex Tyrannosaurus other and 2523.8 P RSM of measurements Select. 1 TABLE in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
in millimeters measurements all, specimens rex Tyrannosaurus other and 2523.8 P RSM of measurements Select. 1 TABLE
Figure 2 in Tyrannosaurus rex runs again: a theoretical analysis of the hypothesis that full-grown large theropods had a locomotory advantage to hunt in a shallow-water environment
Figure 2. Depiction of the measurements (a, b, h) taken from figures in the paper by Bates et al. (2009) and the methods to estimate wetted areas and volumes from cylindrical slices. A representative example of the methods (best reconstruction of Tyrannosaurus rex BHI 3033) is shown. The silhouettes were modified from fig. 5 in the paper by Bates et al. (2009). A, cranial view and lateromedial measurements. B, right lateral view and anteroposterior measurements. C, a generic cylindrical slice and the equations to estimate the contribution to the total areas and volumes.
Figure 1 in Tyrannosaurus rex runs again: a theoretical analysis of the hypothesis that full-grown large theropods had a locomotory advantage to hunt in a shallow-water environment
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the hunting scenario. Tyrannosaurus rex is wading in mode II, while Edmontosaurus annectens and Struthiomimus sedens are already engaged in mode IV, corresponding to surface swimming.
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