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489 results for “appendages”
Data from: The comparative hydrodynamics of rapid rotation by predatory appendages
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Data from: preserved appendages in a Silurian binodicope: implications for the evolutionary history of ostracod crustaceans
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Data from: Functional implications of the specialized staminal appendages in alpine ginger (Roscoea spp.: Zingiberaceae)
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The genome of a daddy-long-legs (Opiliones) illuminates the evolution of arachnid appendages
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Data from: A Silurian short-great-appendage arthropod
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Data from: Rapid divergence of nesting depth and digging appendages among tunneling dung beetle populations and species
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Data from: Use of a rostral appendage during social interactions in the Ecuadorian Anolis proboscis
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Full summary statistics of mixQTL for GTEx v8 Heart_Atrial_Appendage
The mixQTL method is described in paper doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.050666. Please cite the original paper if using the data.
Data from: Fine-scale appendage structure of the Cambrian trilobitomorph Naraoia spinosa and its ontogenetic and ecological implications
<p>Trilobitomorphs are a species-rich Palaeozoic arthropod assemblage that unites trilobites with several other lineages that share similar appendage structure. Post-embryonic development of the exoskeleton is well documented for some trilobitomorphs, especially trilobites, but little is known of the ontogeny of their soft parts, limiting understanding of their autecology. Here we document appendage structure of the Cambrian naraoiid trilobitomorph Naraoia spinosa by computed microtomography, resulting in three-dimensional reconstructions of appendages at both juvenile and adult stages. The adult has dense, strong spines on the protopods of post-antennal appendages, implying a predatory/scavenging behavior. Absence of such gnathobasic structures but instead tiny protopodal bristles and a number of endopodal setae suggests a detritus-feeding strategy for the juvenile. Our data add strong morphological evidence for ecological-niche shifting by Cambrian arthropods during their life cycles. A conserved number of appendages across the sampled developmental stages demonstrates that Naraoia ceased budding off new appendages by the mid-juvenile stage.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: A Flippase-mediated GAL80/GAL4 intersectional resource for dissecting appendage development in Drosophila
Drosophila imaginal discs provide an ideal model to study processes important for cell signaling and cell specification, tissue differentiation, and cell competition during development. One challenge to understanding genetic control of cellular processes and cell interactions is the difficulty in effectively targeting a defined subset of cells in developing tissues in gene manipulation experiments. A recently developed Flippase-induced intersectional GAL80/GAL4 repression method incorporates several gene manipulation technologies in Drosophila to enable such fine-scale dissection in neural tissues. In particular, this approach brings together existing GAL4 transgenes, newly developed enhancer-trap flippase transgenes, and GAL80 transgenes flanked by Flippase recognition target sites. The combination of these tools enables gene activation/repression in particular subsets of cells within a GAL4 expression pattern. Here, we expand the utility of a large collection of these enhancer-trap flippase transgenic insertion lines by characterizing their expression patterns in third larval instar imaginal discs. We screened 521 different enhancer-trap flippase lines and identified 28 that are expressed in imaginal tissues, including two transgenes that show sex-specific expression patterns. Using a line that expresses Flippase in the wing imaginal disc, we demonstrate the utility of this intersectional approach for studying development by knocking down gene expression of a key member of the planar cell polarity pathway. The results of our experiments show that these enhancer-trap flippase lines enable fine-scale manipulation in imaginal discs.
Data from: Evolution of vertebrate postcranial complexity: axial skeleton regionalization and paired appendages in a Devonian jawless fish
One of the major events in vertebrate evolution involves the transition from jawless (agnathan) to jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, including a variety of cranial and postcranial innovations. It has long been assumed that characters such as the pelvic girdles and fins, male intromittent organs independent from the pelvic girdles, as well as a regionalized axial skeleton first appeared in various basal gnathostome groups if not at the origin of gnathostomes. Here we describe the first occurrence of pelvic girdles and intromittent organs in the Late Devonian jawless anaspid‐like fish Euphanerops longaevus Woodward (Miguasha Lagerstätte, eastern Canada), associated with a morphologically differentiated region of the axial skeleton. Morphological differentiation of the axial skeleton is also described for the first time in an extant jawless fish, the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus. Our data indicate that regionalization of the axial skeleton occurred earlier in vertebrate evolutionary history than previously appreciated. This regionalization is coupled with modifications of the appendicular skeleton in Euphanerops. These new observations combined with a new phylogenetic analysis of early vertebrates provide a more precise understanding of how the appendicular and axial skeletons developed and evolved within vertebrate evolutionary history.
Data from: Selection on bristle length has the ability to drive the evolution of male abdominal appendages in the sepsid fly Themira biloba
Many exaggerated and novel traits are strongly influenced by sexual selection. Although sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, underlying genetic interactions can constrain evolutionary outcomes. The relative strength of selection vs. constraint has been a matter of debate for the evolution of male abdominal appendages in sepsid flies. These abdominal appendages are involved in courtship and mating, but their function has not been directly tested. We performed mate choice experiments to determine whether sexual selection acts on abdominal appendages in the sepsid Themira biloba. We tested whether appendage bristle length influenced successful insemination by surgically trimming the bristles. Females paired with males that had shortened bristles laid only unfertilized eggs, indicating that long bristles are necessary for successful insemination. We also tested whether the evolution of bristle length was constrained by phenotypic correlations with other traits. Analyses of phenotypic covariation indicated that bristle length was highly correlated with other abdominal appendage traits, but was not correlated with abdominal sternite size. Thus, abdominal appendages are not exaggerated traits like many sexual ornaments, but vary independently from body size. At the same time, strong correlations between bristle length and appendage length suggest that selection on bristle length is likely to result in a correlated increase in appendage length. Bristle length is under sexual selection in T. biloba and has the potential to evolve independently from abdomen size.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Tanaopsis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Japan, with remarks on the functions of serial ridges and grooves on the appendages
FIGURE 2. Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov., holotype female: A, left antennule; B, left antenna; C, proximal region of right antenna; D, labrum; E, F, left and right mandibles; G, labium; H, distal part of left maxillule; I, maxillipeds; J, right epignath. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Tanaopsis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Japan, with remarks on the functions of serial ridges and grooves on the appendages
FIGURE 5. Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov., allotype male: A–F, right pereopods 1–6, respectively, outer view; G, right pleopod 1, most setal ornamentation omitted; H, right uropod. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Tanaopsis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Japan, with remarks on the functions of serial ridges and grooves on the appendages
FIGURE 4. Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov., allotype male: A, right antennule; B, right antenna; C, anterior region of cephalothorax, left view; D, labium, ventral view; E, maxillipeds; F, right cheliped, outer view; f1, same, distal region of fixed finger, outer view; G, left cheliped, inner view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A–D, F, G; 0.05 mm for E, f1.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Tanaopsis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Japan, with remarks on the functions of serial ridges and grooves on the appendages
FIGURE 1. Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov. A, holotype female; B, allotype male: A, B, body, dorsal view; a1, b1, body, left view; a2, b3, pleonite 5 and pleotelson, dorsal view; b2, genital cones on pereonite 6, ventral view; a3, b4, pereonite 6 and pleon, left view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Tanaopsis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Japan, with remarks on the functions of serial ridges and grooves on the appendages
FIGURE 3. Tanaopsis japonica sp. nov., holotype female: A, right cheliped, outer view; a1, same, chela, inner view; a2, same, distal region of fixed finger, outer view; B, left chelipedal dactylus; C, D, right and left pereopods 1, respectively, outer views; E, left pereopod 2, outer view; F, left pereopod 3, inner view; G–I, right pereopods 4–6, respectively, outer view; i1, serrate seta; J, right pleopod 1, most setal ornamentation omitted; K, right uropod. Scale bars: 0.05 mm for a2, B, i1; 0.1 mm for the others.
FIGURE 3 in Chuandianella ovata: An early Cambrian stem euarthropod with feather-like appendages
FIGURE 3. Photographs of Chuandianella ovata, showing overall morphology and segmentation of the body. (A) RCCBYU 10272, right lateral view. Scale bar equals 3.4 mm. (B) YKLP 13967a, left lateral view. Scale bar equals 5.0 mm. Abbreviations additional to Figures 1, 2: s1-s12, head and thoracic segments. s1 is the eye-bearing segment/ anterior sclerite; the position of segments s1 and s2 is difficult to infer. Italics indicate a right-side appendage. Scale bar in (B) applies to both panels.
FIGURE 4 in A new euarthropod with 'great appendage'-like frontal head limbs from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, Southwest China
FIGURE 4. Reconstruction of A, Bushizheia yangi gen. et sp. nov. juxtaposed with B, Kiisortoqia soperi Stein 2010 (modified from Stein, 2010) in dorsal view. Both scale bars are 10 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new euarthropod with 'great appendage'-like frontal head limbs from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, Southwest China
FIGURE 3. Bushizheia yangi gen. et sp. nov. (YKLP 11421). A-B, enlarged from Fig. 1A; A, detail of pygidium; B, detail of exopod setae. Scale bar 3A is 10 mm. Scale bar 3B is 1 mm. Abbreviation: en, endopod; exs, exopod setae; pyg, pygidium; ts, tailspine.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.