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403 results for “captivity”
Estradiol and creatinine values of captive female bonobos
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Data from: The tonic immobility test: do wild and captive Golden Mantella frogs (Mantella aurantiaca) have the same response?
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Exploration speed in captivity predicts foraging tactics and diet in free-living red knots
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Effect of captivity on the vertebral bone microstructure of Xenarthran mammals
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Predictive genetic plan for a captive population of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) and prescriptive action for ex situ and in situ conservation management in Thailand
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Data for: Effects of domestication and captive breeding on reaction to moving objects: Implications for avoidance behaviors of obstacles and predators by masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou
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Data from: High-resolution estimates of crossover and noncrossover recombination from a captive baboon colony
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Fig. 1 in Growth and reproduction in captivity unveils remarkable life-history plasticity in the smallnose fanskate, Sympterygia bonapartii (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes)
Fig. 1. Growth of Sympterygia bonapartii born at Temaikèn Aquarium (Argentina). Individual growth trajectories (n = 21 males and 13 females) are shown as grey lines. The Logistic model (bold black line) is the one with the best fit to the data (lowest Akaike Information Criterion). Other models fitted are von Bertalanffy with size at birth (VB1), von Bertalanffy with t0 parameter (VB2), and Gompertz models. The best model describing the growth of wild S. bonapartii (bold dashed line) from off northern Argentina, as estimated by Hozbor and Massa (2015), has the same form as VB1.
Effects of captivity, diet and relocation on the gut bacterial communities of white-footed mice
Microbes can have important impacts on their host's survival. Captive breeding programs for endangered species include periods of captivity that can ultimately have an impact on reintroduction success. No study to date has investigated the impacts of captive diet on the gut microbiota during the relocation process of generalist species. This study simulated a captive breeding program with white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to describe the variability in gut microbial community structure and composition during captivity and relocation in their natural habitat, and compared it to wild individuals. Mice born in captivity were fed two different diets, a control with dry standardized pellets, and a treatment with non-processed components that reflect a version of their wild diet that could be provided in captivity. The mice from the two groups were then relocated to their natural habitat. Relocated mice that had the treatment diet had more phylotypes in common with the wild-host microbiota than mice under the control diet or mice kept in captivity. These results have broad implications for our understanding of microbial community dynamics and the effects of captivity on reintroduced animals, including the potential impact on the survival of endangered species. This study demonstrates that ex situ conservation actions should consider a more holistic perspective of an animal's biology including its microbes.
Data from: Dyadic leader-follower dynamics change across situations in captive house sparrows
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> Individuals can behave as either leaders or followers in many taxa of collectively-moving animals. Leaders initiate movements and may incur predation risks while followers are thought to be more risk-averse. As a group encounters different challenges and ecological situations, individuals in the group may change their social role. We investigated leader and follower roles using dyads of captive house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) during both exploration of a novel environment and a simulation of predator attack. During the exploration of a novel environment individuals behaved consistently either as leaders or followers. However, in the simulated attack tests, individuals in the dyads switched their roles, with 'followers' leading the escape flights and 'leaders' following them. Our study provides evidence of (i) consistent differences between individuals in behavior during social escape and (ii) a relationship between social roles across different situations. We suggest that such relationship hinges on individual risk-taking tendencies, which manifest through different social roles across different ecological situations. We further speculate that risk-taking individuals might gain benefits by following risk-averse individuals during an escape flight. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fig. 1 in A case of intersex occurrence in Steindachneridion parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) under captivity condition: a cytogenetic and morphological study
Fig. 1. Micrographs of the ovaries of Steindachneridion parahybae juveniles in captivity showing different germ cell types. a) scattered oogonia (arrow) within the germinal epithelium surrounded by prefollicle cells (arrowhead); b) proliferation of the oogonium gives rise to cell cluster that appears as small nests (delimited by the arrows), and are also surrounded by prefollicle cells (arrowhead); c) inside this nests, oogonia (arrow) enter into meiosis and progressively individualized by cells derived from the epithelium (prefollicle cells), and they become separated from nests, originating the oocytes (arrowhead); d) following the ovarian development, early primary growth or perinucleolar oocyte (arrowhead) is characterized by an enhancement of cytoplasm basophilia; e) Perinucleolar oocyte (asterisk) showing the thin follicular layer (arrow) and multiple nucleoli displaced in a perinuclear position (arrowhead); f) Perinucleolar stage in different size, showing in an initial (arrowhead) and advanced stage (arrow). Periodic-Acid-Schiff (PAS)/Weigert's Haematoxylin/Metanil Yellow staining. Scale bars: 10 µm (a); 30 µm (b,c,d,e); 400 µm (f).
Raw acceleration data with behaviour classes from two captive foxes
<p></p> <ol> <li> <p><b>Remotely tracking distinct behaviours of animals using acceleration data and machine learning has been carried out successfully in several species in captive settings. In order to study the ecology of animals in natural habitats, such behaviour classification models need to be transferred to wild individuals. However, at present the development of those models usually requires direct observation of the target animals.</b></p> </li> <li> <p><b>The goal of this study was to infer behaviour of wild, free roaming animals from acceleration data by training behaviour classification models on captive individuals, without the necessity to observe their wild conspecifics. We further sought to develop methods to validate the credibility of the resulting behaviour extrapolations.</b></p> </li> <li> <p><b>We trained two machine learning algorithms proposed by the literature, Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), on data from captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and later applied them to data from wild foxes. We also tested a new advance for behaviour classification, by applying a moving window to an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Finally, we investigated four strategies to validate our classification output.</b></p> </li> <li> <p><b>While all three machine learning algorithms performed well under training conditions (Kappa values: RF (0.82) , SVM (0.78), ANN (0.85)), the established methods, RF and SVM, failed in classifying distinct behaviours when transferred from captive to wild foxes. Behaviour classification with the ANN and a moving window, in contrast, inferred distinct behaviours and showed consistent results for most individuals. </b></p> </li> <li> <p><b>Our approach is a substantial improvement over the methods previously proposed in the literature as it generated plausible results for wild fox behaviour. We were able to infer the behaviour of wild animals that have never been observed in the wild and to further illustrate the outputs credibility. This framework is not restricted to foxes but can be applied to infer the behaviour of many other species and thus empowers new advances in behavioural ecology.</b></p> </li> </ol>
Data from: Pedigree analysis reveals a generational decline in reproductive success of captive Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii): implications for captive management of threatened species
Captive breeding programs are an increasingly popular tool to augment the conservation of threatened wild populations. Many programs keep detailed pedigrees, which are used to prescribe breeding targets to meet demographic and genetic goals. Annual breeding targets are based on previous productivity, but do not account for changes in reproductive success that may occur over generations in captivity and which may impair the ability of a program to meet its goals. We utilise a large studbook from the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) captive breeding program to investigate biological, genetic and environmental factors that affect variation in reproductive success among individuals and over generations of captive breeding. Reproductive success declined with increasing generations in captivity: wild-born females had a 56.5% chance of producing a litter compared to a 2.8% chance for generation 5 captive-born females (N = 182) and when they did, wild-born females produced more offspring (3.1 joeys, 95% CI: 2.76 - 3.38, compared to 2.7 joeys, 95% CI: 2.55 - 2.90, in captive-born females [N = 105]). Reproductive success also declined as dam age at first breeding increased. Our results reveal a conflict with the widely-cited conservation strategy to limit opportunity for selection by extending generation length through delaying reproduction, as captive breeding programs that delay female breeding with this goal in mind risk reduced productivity. Our data demonstrate the benefit of pedigree analysis to identify biological processes that reveal crucial trade-offs with conservation best-practice.
Data from: Genomewide association analyses of fitness traits in captive-reared Chinook salmon: applications in evaluating conservation strategies
A novel application of genome-wide association analyses is to use trait-associated loci to monitor the effects of conservation strategies on potentially adaptive genetic variation. Comparisons of fitness between captive- and wild-origin individuals, for example, do not reveal how captive rearing affects genetic variation underlying fitness traits or which traits are most susceptible to domestication selection. Here, we used data collected across four generations to identify loci associated with six traits in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and then determined how two alternative management approaches for captive rearing affected variation at these loci. Loci associated with date of return to freshwater spawning grounds (return timing), length and weight at return, age at maturity, spawn timing, and daily growth coefficient were identified using 9108 restriction site-associated markers and Random Forest, an approach suitable for polygenic traits. Mapping of trait-associated loci, gene annotations, and integration of results across multiple studies revealed candidate regions involved in several fitness-related traits. Genotypes at trait-associated loci were then compared between two hatchery populations that were derived from the same source but are now managed as separate lines, one integrated with and one segregated from the wild population. While no broad scale change was detected across four generations, there were numerous regions where trait-associated loci overlapped with signatures of adaptive divergence previously identified in the two lines. Many regions, primarily with loci linked to return and spawn timing, were either unique to, or more divergent in, the segregated line, suggesting that these traits may be responding to domestication selection. This study is one of the first to utilize genomic approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of a conservation strategy, managed gene flow, on trait-associated – and potentially adaptive – loci. The results will promote the development of trait-specific tools to better monitor genetic change in captive and wild populations.
Data from: Inbreeding and selection shape genomic diversity in captive populations: implications for the conservation of endangered species
Captive breeding programs are often initiated to prevent species extinction until reintroduction into the wild can occur. However, the evolution of captive populations via inbreeding, drift, and selection can impair fitness, compromising reintroduction programs. To better understand the evolutionary response of species bred in captivity, we used nearly 5500 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in populations of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to measure the impact of breeding regimes on genomic diversity. We bred mice in captivity for 20 generations using two replicates of three protocols: random mating (RAN), selection for docile behaviors (DOC), and minimizing mean kinship (MK). The MK protocol most effectively retained genomic diversity and reduced the effects of selection. Additionally, genomic diversity was significantly related to fitness, as assessed with pedigrees and SNPs supported with genomic sequence data. Because captive-born individuals are often less fit in wild settings compared to wild-born individuals, captive-estimated fitness correlations likely underestimate the effects in wild populations. Therefore, minimizing inbreeding and selection in captive populations is critical to increasing the probability of releasing fit individuals into the wild.
Figure 2 from: Gani M, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Sitam FT, Kulaimi NAM, Zheng CC, Atiqah AN, Rahim NMA, Mohammed AA (2021) Taxonomic and genetic assessment of captive White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Peninsular Malaysia with implications towards conservation translocation and reintroduction programmes. ZooKeys 1076: 25-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.73262
Figure 2 Phylogenetic relationships among the Hylobates species as represented by the NJ analysis. ML (Log Likelihood= -4326.23) and BI analysis produced similar topologies. Numbers above/below the branches represents bootstrap values for NJ, ML, and BI posterior probability, respectively. Only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown.
Supplementary material 3 from: Gani M, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Sitam FT, Kulaimi NAM, Zheng CC, Atiqah AN, Rahim NMA, Mohammed AA (2021) Taxonomic and genetic assessment of captive White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Peninsular Malaysia with implications towards conservation translocation and reintroduction programmes. ZooKeys 1076: 25-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.73262
Table S3
Figure 1 from: Gani M, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Sitam FT, Kulaimi NAM, Zheng CC, Atiqah AN, Rahim NMA, Mohammed AA (2021) Taxonomic and genetic assessment of captive White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Peninsular Malaysia with implications towards conservation translocation and reintroduction programmes. ZooKeys 1076: 25-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.73262
Figure 1 Geographical distribution of Hylobates lar subspecies throughout South-East Asia (adapted from Thinh et al. 2010; Brockelman and Geissmann, 2020). Black squares represent individuals of known exact locations while blue squares indicated the approximate locations of the confiscated and surrendered individuals used in this study. Numbers on the map corresponds to the location in Table 1. The approximate location of the Isthmus of Kra, the Surat Thani-Krabi depression, and the Kangar-Pattani line are indicated by the grey, red, and green lines, respectively, marking the possible break among the Indochinese (carpenteri, entelloides, and yunnannesis) from the lar subspecies.
Supplementary material 2 from: Gani M, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Sitam FT, Kulaimi NAM, Zheng CC, Atiqah AN, Rahim NMA, Mohammed AA (2021) Taxonomic and genetic assessment of captive White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Peninsular Malaysia with implications towards conservation translocation and reintroduction programmes. ZooKeys 1076: 25-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.73262
Table S2
Supplementary material 1 from: Gani M, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Sitam FT, Kulaimi NAM, Zheng CC, Atiqah AN, Rahim NMA, Mohammed AA (2021) Taxonomic and genetic assessment of captive White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Peninsular Malaysia with implications towards conservation translocation and reintroduction programmes. ZooKeys 1076: 25-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.73262
Table S1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.