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FIG. 3 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 3. Resampling support protocol indicating the steps in which the analysis of unstable taxa is applied, as implemented in the TNT script pcrjak.run (see http://www.lillo.org.ar/phylogeny/tnt/scripts/pcrjak.run).
FIG. 3 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 3. Schematic representation of the one-dimensional Procrustes analysis (OPA) method carried out in the data processing, from lengthwise. Exampling manus belongs to the juvenile early-diverging avialan Zhongornis (DNHM D2456; Gao et al., 2008; Rashid et al., 2018).
FIG. 1 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 1. Strict consensus for the dataset of Pei et al., in press. Details of nodes resolved in the reduced consensus tree are shown, after excluding the 14 taxa that are unstable among the MPTs by the IterPCR implementation of TNT (Goloboff and Szumik, 2015). Taxa in bold in the strict consensus are the unstable taxa detected by IterPCR.
FIG. 1 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 1. PCA plot with PC1 and PC2 as axes establishes the presence of two main groupings, one composed of microbial cells and the other composed of intermingled fossils and melanosome microbodies populations; 95% confidence intervals shown by colored ellipses.
FIG. 7. Hypothesis 5 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 7. Hypothesis 5, North America-Asia vicariance event caused by the breakdown of the Bering land bridge during the early Late Cretaceous. The marine barrier between northeast Asia and northwest North America was re-established in the Cenomanian Stage. The red X denotes the approximate position of the hypothesized biogeographical barrier (Bering Strait); Dotted lines denote paleogeography at 110 Ma, while solid lines denote it at 90 Ma. Paleomap after (Matthews et al., 2016). Abbreviations: A, Asia; AO, Atlantic Ocean; E, Europe; F, Africa; I, India; M, Madagascar; N, North America; PO, Pacific Ocean; S, South America; T, Antarctica; TO, Tethys Ocean; U, Australia.
FIG. 1 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 1. Schematic diagram showing how the six functionally related mandibular characteristics were measured in the oviraptorosaurians and scansoriopterygids studied. A. Anterior jaw-closing mechanical advantage, AMA. B. Posterior jaw-closing mechanical advantage, PMA. C. Jaw-opening mechanical advantage, OMA. D. Relative articular offset, AO. E. Relative maximum mandible height, MMH. F. Relative average mandible height, AMH.
FIG. 1 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 1. Geographic distribution of pennaraptoran theropods illustrated on palaeogeographic globes of the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian-Tithonian), Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Albian), and Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian). Palaeomaps modified from GPlates (www.gplates.org) (Müller et al., 2018).
FIG. 6 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 6. Correlation between size and shape based on a multivariate regression. A significant correlation results in the existence of an allometric factor in the change of hand shape, significant in nonavialan maniraptorans. Among neognathans (in green tones) there is no allometry (i.e., shape changes occur regardless of size variation. Notice as well that variation is strikingly low). Below the main graph (A) dispersions B and C show the allometric and non-allometric trends, respectively.
FIG. 1 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 1. Representative example of several maniraptorans hands, both fossil (A–H) and extant (I–J) specimens, illustrate the variability of shapes and sizes: A. Zhenyuanlong; B. Anchiornis huxleyi; C. Zhongornis; D. Sapeornis chaoyangensis; E. Jeholornis; F. Zhouornis; G. Archaeorhynchus; H. Longipteryx; I. Struthio camelus; J. Falco tinnunculus. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIG. 1. Hypothesis 1 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 1. Hypothesis 1, Laurasia-Gondwana vicariance event during the Late Jurassic. The separation between Laurasia and Gondwana was established in the Kimmeridgian Stage. The red line denotes the approximate position of the hypothesized biogeographical barrier: the central Atlantic Ocean (cAO) and Tethys Ocean (TO); Dotted lines denote paleogeography at 170 Ma, while solid lines denote it at 150 Ma. Paleomap after (Matthews et al., 2016). Abbreviations: A, Asia; cAO, central Atlantic Ocean; E, Europe; F, Africa; I, India; M, Madagascar; N, North America; PO, Pacific Ocean; S, South America; T, Antarctica; TO, Tethys Ocean; U, Australia.
FIG. 5 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 5. Patterns of tooth reduction and inferences of dietary evolution in Pennaraptora based on the results of the functional analysis (fig. 4). Tree topology based on Lü et al. (2017) and Pei et al. (in press). Skull drawings modified from Clark et al. (2002), Xu et al. (2002, 2011) and Lamanna et al. (2014).
FIG. 3 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 3. SEM bedding plane survey for microbodies in the 300 Myr old lungfish Esconicthys apopyris (ROM56792), from Mazon Creek, Illinois. The asterisk indicates the region within the outline of the eye, which contains a fabric of microbodies (inset). By contrast, none of the grid points (1–9) show any evidence of such microbodylike structures in the matrix. Scale bars on images = 5 µm.
FIG. 2 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 2. Mean estimated ages of the crown bird MRCA (circles and squares ± 95% HPD intervals) are highly dependent on specified soft maximum prior age (triangles). Red circle and square indicate analyses run with no soft maximum age specified. Jarvis et al. (2014) results modified from Cracraft et al. (2015). Prum et al. (2015) results from the "top ten" nucleotide dataset (Berv and Field, 2018). Ages of Archaeopteryx lithographica (~155 Ma) and K-Pg boundary (~66 Ma) illustrated.
FIG. 5 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 5. Hand shape disparity (i.e., Procrustes variance) and morphospace occupation (i.e., convex hull volume) of the grades of Maniraptora.
FIG. 5 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 5. Competing phylogenetic topologies for crown birds from recent phylogenomic studies of Jarvis et al. (2014) and Prum et al. (2015). Both topologies support Palaeognathae (black) and Galloanserae (red) as successive sister taxa to the rest of extant birds (Neoaves). Interrelationships within Neoaves differ, but the same major constituent clades are largely supported (see legend). The monotypic hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) is inferred to be the sister taxon of Telluraves in Prum et al. (2015), and sister to a Charadriiformes + Gruiformes clade in Jarvis et al. (2014). Prum et al. (2015) supports a monophyletic Columbaves (fuschia), uniting Otidimorphae (bustards, cuckoos, turacos) and Columbimorphae (doves, mesites, sandgrouse), whereas Jarvis et al. (2014) find Columbimorphae as the sister taxon to Mirandornithes, and Otidimorphae as sister to Strisores.
FIG. 3 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 3. Wang et al. (2018a) analysis of 70 taxa scored across 280 morphological characters. Published results using A. new technologies; B. traditional search using implied weighting, k = 16.
Figures 1 - 11. Fig. 1 in Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod
Figures 1 - 11. Fig. 1, Dromaeosauridae, tooth, UCM 39502. Fig. 2a-h, Sauromithoides inequalis: 20,, buccal view of hatchling left dentary, UCM 41666; c, lingual view; e, dorsal view; b, buccal view of left dentary, NMC 8540 (cast); d, lingual view; f, dorsal view; g, lateral view of hatchling basioccipital, UCM 43218; and h, ventral view. Fig. 3a-c, teeth of Pectinodon bakkeri: a, holotype, UCM 38445; b, paratype, UCM 38446; and c, paratype, UCMP 73098. Fig. 4, Pararıychodon lacustris, tooth, UCMP 124990. Fig. 5a, b, Tyrannosauridae: a, lateral view of UCMP 119853; and b, posterior view. Fig. 6, Theropoda, tooth, UCMP 124987. Fig. 7a, b, tooth of Aublysodon mirandus: a! lateral view of UCMP 124406; and b, posterior view. Fig. 8, Thescelosaurus sp., tooth, UCMP 124973. Fig. 9, Hadrosauridae, tooth, UCM 45060. Fig. 10, Ceratopsidae, tooth, UCM 45057. Fig. 11, Ankylosaurus magniventris, tooth, UCMP 124399. Heavy bars to left of specimens = 2 mm.
RESTORATION OF TYRANNOSAURUS REX. From the type skeleton, Amer. Mus. No. 973. Many of the vertebrae belong to No. 5866. in Tyrannosaurus, upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication)
RESTORATION OF TYRANNOSAURUS REX. From the type skeleton, Amer. Mus. No. 973. Many of the vertebrae belong to No. 5866.
Plate 4 in A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana
Plate 4 Comparison of Gorgosaurus skulls Fig. 1. Skull and jaws of Gorgosaurus lancensis. Type. C.M.N.H. No. 7541. Viewed from left side (reversed). Fig. 2. Skull and jaws of Gorgosaurus sternbergi. Type. A.M.N.H. No. 5664. Viewed from the left side. Fig. 3. Skull and jaws of Gorgosaurus libratus. A.M.N.H. No. 5434. Viewed from left side.
Plate 3 in A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana
Plate 3 Skull and jaws of Gorgosaurus lancensis. Palatal view. Type. C.M.N.H. No. 7541. h, hyoid. About 1/4 natural size
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.