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Figs 8–9. Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev. 8 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche
Figs 8–9. Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev. 8 – male green phase; 9 – holotype
Fig. 67 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche
Fig. 67. Predicted distribution of P. nimrod Harold, 1863 and P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.
Dung beetle trait data
<b>Description: </b><p>Dung beetle trait data (ctmax, pilosity, length, colouration)</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/211"><b>Assessing the Impact of Microclimate During Development on the Physiological Thermal Tolerance of Lowland Malaysian Dung Beetles </b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (PhD for JW, NE/L002485/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>SaBC (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2JLD.7(83))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=6477719">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: trait_data.xlsx</p><p><b>trait_data.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Dung beetle trait dataset</b> (described in worksheet Dung_Beetles)</p><p>Description: Dung beetle traits</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 990</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE points at second order (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date specimen collected (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Taxon</b>: dung beetle species (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>ctmax</b>: critical thermal maximum (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>length</b>: body length (clypeus to pygidium) (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>pro.width</b>: Pronotum width (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>lum.pro</b>: luminosity of pronotum (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>lum.ely</b>: luminosity of elytra (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>hair.pro</b>: hairiness of pronotum (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>hair.ely</b>: hairiness of elytra (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-01-17 to 2107-10-25</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Microcopris hidakai</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) hidakai] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) tridentitibialus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) falculatus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus dux</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus incisus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus nr. borneensis] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rudis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus trituber</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (agg) indachorius] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus mulleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris doriae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius dayacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris agnus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris ramosiceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris sinicus</i> <br></div><p></p>
Seed traits of seed within spider monkey, howler monkey feces, and dung beetles' dung balls
<p>These data files contain seed traits from three sources, 1) seed traits from "Seeds of Amazonian Plants", 2) Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Seed Information Database, and 3) seeds dissected from field collections of primate feces and dung balls from dung beetles. The dataset was used in the article published in Biotropica entitled "<em>Seed size and pubescence facilitate secondary dispersal by dung beetles</em>". The data mostly describes seed traits of morphospecies within the feces of brown-headed spider monkeys (<em>Ateles fusciceps</em>) and mantled howler monkeys (<em>Alouatta palliata</em>). Traits included in the data set are size, surface, length, width, shape, color, and dispersal by mammals. </p>
Climate and land-use effects on dung beetle assemblages
<p>This dataset contains data from a field study conducted in 2019 and described in the paper "Dung beetle diversity is mainly affected by land use, while community specialization is driven by climate" by Englmeier et al.</p> <p>To test the effects of land use and climate on α-diversity, local community specialization (H<sub>2</sub>'), and γ-diversity of dung beetles, we used pitfall traps baited with four different dung types at 114 study sites, distributed over a spatial extent of 300 km x 300 km and 1000 m in elevation. Study sites were established in four local land-use types: forests, grasslands, arable sites, and settlements, embedded in near-natural, agricultural, or urban landscapes.</p> <p>We used negative-binomial generalized linear models for alpha-diversity, calculated community specialization on dung resources by using the standardized two-dimensional Shannon entropy (H<sub>2</sub>'), and assessed γ-diversity by Hill-numbers.</p> <p>Our results show that intensive land use i.e., agriculture and urban areas, strongly reduced dung beetle α- and γ-diversity, respectively. Dung beetle abundance and species density were strongly affected by agricultural land use on both spatial scales, whereas γ-diversity on a local scale was mainly affected by settlements and on a landscape scale equally by agricultural and urban land use. Increasing precipitation diminished dung beetle abundance, and higher temperatures reduced community specialization and γ-diversity. These results indicate that intensive land use and higher temperatures may cause a loss in dung beetle diversity and alter community networks of dung beetle assemblages. A decrease in dung beetle diversity may disturb decomposition processes at both local and regional scales and alter ecosystem functioning, which leads to drastic ecological and economic damage.</p>
Dung beetle community and dung removal data 2015
<b>Description: </b><p>Dung beetle community and dung removal data at SAFE second order points 2015</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/85"><b>Effects of habitat modification and fragmentation on dung beetle biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016407/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/; http://nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/; http://nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>SaBC (Research licence Access licence number JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(381))</li><li>MBMC (Research licence Project number 129)</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247494">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_database_dung_beetle_2015_data_final_uploaded_copy.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_database_dung_beetle_2015_data_final_uploaded_copy.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Dung beetle community dataset</b> (described in worksheet Dung_Beetles)</p><p>Description: Abundance of beetle species at pitfall traps baited with human faeces</p><p>Number of fields: 81</p><p>Number of data rows: 197</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE points at second order (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date trap set to date collected (48 hours) (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Caccobius_bawangensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Catharsius_dayacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Catharsius_renaudpauliani</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_agnus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_ramosiceps</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_sinicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_doriae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_sp1.</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._liliputanus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._variolaris</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._tridentitibialus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._falculatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._angustatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aphodiodes</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aurifex</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._borneensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._brendelli</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._cervicapra</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._clivimerus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._deliensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._dux</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._fujiii</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._incisus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._kawaharai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._laevis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._nigriobscurior</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._nr._aurifex</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._nr._borneensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._obscurior</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._ochromerus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pacificus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pastillatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pavidus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._rorarius</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._rudis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._rugicollis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sarawacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sideki</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._semiaureus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._semicupreus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sp._SAFE_10</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sp._SAFE_8_aff._megapacificus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._taeniatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._trituber</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._vethi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._vulpes</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._waterstradti</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_dytiscoides</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_masumotoi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_aff._woroae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_spp._1</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Panelus_sp1.</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Panelus_kalimantanicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_maurus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_sparsus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_striatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Proagoderus_watanabei</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Synapsis_ritsemae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Sisyphus_thoracicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Yvescambefortius_sarawacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Anoctus_laevis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._batillifer</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_aff._danumensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp1</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp2</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp3</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp4</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pencillatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._mulleri</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._macronthophagus_diabolicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._rutilans</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._deflexicollis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Oniticellus_tessellatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sp._SAFE_11</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Panelus_aff._sabahi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Dung removal dataset</b> (described in worksheet Dung_Removal)</p><p>Description: Mass of dung removed after 24 hours</p><p>Number of fields: 3</p><p>Number of data rows: 197</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE points at second order (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date dung set out - collected after 24 hours (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Dung_removed</b>: Amount of dung removed in 24 hours (wet weight) (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-01-01 to 2015-04-05</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Coleoptera<br> -  -  -  - Scarabaeidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anoctus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anoctus laevis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Caccobius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Catharsius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Catharsius dayacus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris agnus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris ramosiceps</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris sinicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcopris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcopris doriae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Microcopris_sp1.]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochicanthon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Ochicanthon hidakai</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ochicanthon_aff._woroae]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ochicanthon_spp._1]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oniticellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._falculatus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._hidakai]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._liliputanus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._rutilans]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._tridentitibialus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._variolaris]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_aff._danumensis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp1]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp2]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp3]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp4]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._nr._aurifex]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._nr._borneensis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._sp._SAFE_10]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._sp._SAFE_11]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._sp._SAFE_8_aff._megapacificus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus aurifex</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus batillifer</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus brendelli</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus clivimerus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus deflexicollis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus diabolicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus dux</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus incisus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus laevis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus mulleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus pencillatus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus rudis</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus sideki</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus trituber</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus vethi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Panelus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Panelus kalimantanicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Panelus_aff._sabahi]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Panelus_sp1.]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Proagoderus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sisyphus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Synapsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Yvescambefortius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i><br></div><p></p>
Dung beetle community and dung removal data 2011
<b>Description: </b><p>Dung beetle community and dung removal data at SAFE second order points 2011</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/85"><b>Effects of habitat modification and fragmentation on dung beetle biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>British Ecological Society (Small Projects Grant, 3256/4035)</li><li>Varley Gradwell Travelling Fellowship In Insect Ecology (Fellowship to E. Slade)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Royal Society SEARRP (Research licence RS302)</li><li>MBMC (Research licence project number MBMC/2010/16))</li><li>EPU (Research licence EPU Ruj. UPE: 40/200/19/2712)</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247492">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_database_dung_beetle_2011_data_final_uploaded_copy.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_database_dung_beetle_2011_data_final_uploaded_copy.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Dung beetle community dataset</b> (described in worksheet Dung_Beetles)</p><p>Description: Abundance of beetle species at pitfall traps baited with human faeces</p><p>Number of fields: 81</p><p>Number of data rows: 177</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE points at second order (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date trap set to date collected (48 hours) (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Caccobius_bawangensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Catharsius_dayacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Catharsius_renaudpauliani</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_agnus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_ramosiceps</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Copris_sinicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_doriae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Microcopris_sp1.</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._liliputanus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._variolaris</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._tridentitibialus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._falculatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._angustatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aphodiodes</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aurifex</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._borneensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._brendelli</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._cervicapra</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._clivimerus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._deliensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._dux</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._fujiii</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._incisus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._kawaharai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._laevis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._nigriobscurior</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._nr._aurifex</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._nr._borneensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._obscurior</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._ochromerus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pacificus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pastillatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pavidus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._rorarius</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._rudis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._rugicollis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sarawacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sideki</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._semiaureus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._semicupreus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sp._SAFE_10</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sp._SAFE_8_aff._megapacificus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._taeniatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._trituber</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._vethi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._vulpes</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._waterstradti</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_dytiscoides</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_masumotoi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_aff._woroae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_spp._1</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Panelus_sp1.</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Panelus_kalimantanicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_maurus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_sparsus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Paragymnopleurus_striatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Proagoderus_watanabei</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Synapsis_ritsemae</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Sisyphus_thoracicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Yvescambefortius_sarawacus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Anoctus_laevis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._batillifer</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_aff._danumensis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp1</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp2</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp3</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._indacorius_sp4</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._pencillatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._mulleri</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._macronthophagus_diabolicus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._rutilans</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._deflexicollis</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Oniticellus_tessellatus</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._sp._SAFE_11</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Ochicanthon_hidakai</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>Panelus_aff._sabahi</b>: Baited pitfall trap (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Dung removal dataset</b> (described in worksheet Dung_Removal)</p><p>Description: Mass of dung removed after 24 hours</p><p>Number of fields: 3</p><p>Number of data rows: 177</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: SAFE points at second order (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date dung set out - collected after 24 hours (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Dung_removed</b>: Amount of dung removed in 24 hours (wet weight) (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-02-01 to 2011-03-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Coleoptera<br> -  -  -  - Scarabaeidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anoctus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anoctus laevis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Caccobius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Catharsius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Catharsius dayacus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris agnus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris ramosiceps</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Copris sinicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcopris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcopris doriae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Microcopris_sp1.]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochicanthon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Ochicanthon hidakai</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ochicanthon_aff._woroae]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ochicanthon_spp._1]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oniticellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._falculatus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._hidakai]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._liliputanus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._rutilans]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._tridentitibialus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._aff._variolaris]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_aff._danumensis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp1]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp2]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp3]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._indacorius_sp4]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._nr._aurifex]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._nr._borneensis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._sp._SAFE_10]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._sp._SAFE_11]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [O._sp._SAFE_8_aff._megapacificus]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus aurifex</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus batillifer</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus brendelli</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus clivimerus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus deflexicollis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus diabolicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus dux</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus incisus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus laevis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus mulleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus pencillatus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus rudis</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus sideki</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus trituber</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus vethi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Panelus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Panelus kalimantanicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Panelus_aff._sabahi]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Panelus_sp1.]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Proagoderus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sisyphus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Synapsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Yvescambefortius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i><br></div><p></p>
Dung beetle sexual selection morphology data
<b>Description: </b><p>Horn length, pronotum width, and body and testes masses for dung beetles across the SAFE sites in 2011 and 2015</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/8"><b>Can the intensity of sexual selection predict the persistence of dung beetle species during habitat disturbance?</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016407/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/; http://nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/; http://nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>British Ecological Society (Small Projects Grant, 3256/4035)</li><li>Varley Gradwell Travelling Fellowship In Insect Ecology (Fellowship to E. Slade)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>SaBC (Research licence Access licence number JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(381))</li><li>MBMC (Research licence Project number 129)</li><li>Royal Society SEARRP (Research licence RS302)</li><li>MBMC (Research licence project number MBMC/2010/16))</li><li>EPU (Research licence EPU Ruj. UPE: 40/200/19/2712)</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3342495">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_database_dung_beetle_sexual_selection_data_final_uploaded.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_database_dung_beetle_sexual_selection_data_final_uploaded.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Horn, body, and testes measurement data</b> (described in worksheet morphology_data)</p><p>Description: Horn length, pronotum width, testes mass, and body mass of dung beetles across the SAFE sites in 2011 and 2015</p><p>Number of fields: 12</p><p>Number of data rows: 7741</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>habitat</b>: SAFE habitat type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>replicate</b>: SAFE sampling block (Field type: location)</li><li><b>species</b>: species (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>sex</b>: sex (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>year</b>: year individual collected (NA's from OUNHM collections) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>pronotum_width</b>: measurement (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>horn_front</b>: measurement (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>horn_side</b>: measurement (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>pronotum_horn_front</b>: measurement (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>pronotum_horn_side</b>: measurement (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_mass</b>: weight (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>testes_mass</b>: weight (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-02-01 to 2015-01-10</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6350 to 4.7716</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9474 to 117.7031</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Microcopris hidakai</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._hidakai] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._megapacificus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._phanaeides_(sp._21)] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._rutilans] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._tridentitibialus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._aff._variolaris] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aurifex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus brendeli</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus clivimerus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus dux</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus incisus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus mulleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._nr._borneensis] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pencillatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rudis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._sp._SAFE_10] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [O._sp._SAFE_11] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus trituber</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris doriae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius dayacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris agnus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris ramosiceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris sinicus</i> <br></div><p></p>
Fig. 2 in The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution
Fig. 2. Landscape units of Venezuela (from Huber & Oliveira-Miranda 2010).
Delta-15N values for leaf and soil samples from a mesocosm experiment looking at dung beetle presence and the movement of dung-derived nitrogen (DDN)
<b>Description: </b><p>We deployed 18 mesocosms into each of the ecosystem types (logged forest and oil palm) in mid-May 2016, to give the soil one month to recover from the disturbance. We constructed mesocosms from black plastic containers, 40 cm diameter and 25 cm high after removing the base. We dug mesocosms 20 cm into the ground leaving 5cm above the surface. We arranged them in a 6 x 3 grid with a minimum of 3 m between each mesocosm to minimise interaction between the soil nutrient cycling in each mesocosm. As proximity of the seedlings to mature trees may increase competition for nitrogen and other nutrients we recorded the distance of each mesocosm to the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm) for inclusion in our analyses. <br>We randomly selected 12 of the mesocosms, to receive 15N-labelled dung patties weighing 300 ± SD 2.27 g in logged forest and 410 ± SD 2.04 g in oil palm. We populated six randomly selected mesocoms from within those 12 treated with dung with a standardised dung beetle communities (Fig. 1, Table S2). The remaining six mesocosms were left as soil only controls. We covered each mesocosm with a fine nylon mesh secured with a rubber belt to prevent beetles leaving or colonising the mesocosms, and to standardise any microclimatic effects between treatments. However, after 48 hours we opened the dung beetle treatments for a 24 hours period to allow the beetles to emigrate rather than forcing them to artificially stay in the same pat (cf. Roslin 2000; Slade et al. 2017), and then re-covered the mesocosms with netting.<br>We sampled soil seven times from logged forest over the course of the experiment. Any remaining surface dung was removed prior to soil sampling, and replaced thereafter, in order to reduce the possibility of contamination. If a soil core was unsuccessful (most likely due to beetle channels) a second core was taken directly beside. On each sample day, a core of 10cm depth was taken and split into vertical horizons 0- 2cm, 2-5 cm and 5-10cm. <br>We sampled leaves eight times over the eight-month duration of the experiment, with high frequency during the first month, aimed to capture the initial assimilation of DDN into the plants. We collected one leaf from the Dipterocarpaceae or palm seedlings for each sample event. For dipterocarp seedlings we alternated collection of the terminal leaf from top and bottom (leaving the topmost, newest leaf) between consecutive sample days, and for palm seedlings we sampled the two penultimate leaflets from alternating sides of the mid-stem, from the youngest fully formed frond. As assimilated 15N did not plateau in logged forest during the 8-month timeframe of the experiment, we took a sample after 21 months in order to determine whether all DDN had been turned over in the plant biomass after this time.<br>The leaf and soil samples were dried at 60°C for a minimum of 48 hours. We then ground samples to a fine powder using a ball mill (Retsch UK Ltd., Hope, UK). We weighed ground samples into 6 x 4 mm ultraclean tin capsules (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd., Okehampton, UK) using an ultra-microbalance with readability 1 μg (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland) to provide sufficient elemental carbon and nitrogen for analysis by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SERCON, Crewe, UK). <br>Isotope ratios are expressed in per mil (‰) relative to international reference standards (Rstandard), which are Atmospheric Nitrogen and Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (VPDB) for nitrogen and carbon, respectively. The delta value describes the isotopic composition of each sample, which signifies a measurement of difference relative to laboratory standards. The calculation of δ values is given by: <br>δHX = [(RSAMPLE /RSTANDARD −1)]*1000</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/11"><b>Using stable isotopes to link biogeochemical processes to biodiversity of conservation concern</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Research grant, NE/K016148/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 (374) )</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.4 (41))</li><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (SABC) (Research licence JKM.1000-2/2 JLD.5 (153))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=5113431">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: 3_Kemp_15N_mesocosms_data.xlsx</p><p><b>3_Kemp_15N_mesocosms_data.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 3 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>OP leaf</b> (described in worksheet OP_leaf)</p><p>Description: Details the δ15N of leaves sampled in oil palm from palm seedlings across eight sample days up to day 233. </p><p>Number of fields: 13</p><p>Number of data rows: 144</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Name</b>: Code for date (ddmm), mesocosms ID and depth (00 = surface; 02 = 2 cm belowground; 05 = 5 cm belowground, and 10 = 10 cm belowground) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Day</b>: Experimental day as the number of days since day zero (defined by the planting of the seedlings, either dipterocarps or palms) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Day2</b>: Experimental day as a factor (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Mesocosm</b>: Unique identifier for each of the 18 mesocosms (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Treatment assignment (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>DistMature</b>: Distance from the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm). (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.N</b>: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugN</b>: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15N</b>: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.C</b>: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugC</b>: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C</b>: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>LFE leaf</b> (described in worksheet LFE_leaf)</p><p>Description: Details the δ15N of leaves sampled in logged forest, taken from dipterocarp seedlings across nine sample days, up to day 625.</p><p>Number of fields: 13</p><p>Number of data rows: 147</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Name</b>: Code for date (ddmm), mesocosms ID and depth (00 = surface; 02 = 2 cm belowground; 05 = 5 cm belowground, and 10 = 10 cm belowground) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Day</b>: Experimental day as the number of days since day zero (defined by the planting of the seedlings, either dipterocarps or palms) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Day2</b>: Experimental day as a factor (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Mesocosm</b>: Unique identifier for each of the 18 mesocosms (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Treatment assignment (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>DistMature</b>: Distance from the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm). (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.N</b>: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugN</b>: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15N</b>: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.C</b>: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugC</b>: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C</b>: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>LFE soil</b> (described in worksheet LFE_soil)</p><p>Description: Details the δ15N of soil sampled in logged forest across seven sample days up to day 64</p><p>Number of fields: 14</p><p>Number of data rows: 375</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Name</b>: Code for date (ddmm), mesocosms ID and depth (00 = surface; 02 = 2 cm belowground; 05 = 5 cm belowground, and 10 = 10 cm belowground) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Day</b>: Experimental day as the number of days since day zero (defined by the planting of the seedlings, either dipterocarps or palms) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>day2</b>: Experimental day as a factor (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Mesocosm</b>: Unique identifier for each of the 18 mesocosms (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Treatment assignment (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>DistMature</b>: Distance from the nearest mature tree (any species with diameter at breast height > 30 cm). (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Depth</b>: The depth which the soil sample was taken from, i.e. 0002 is the horizon between the ground surface and 2 cm belowground (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Sample weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.N</b>: Measure of the nitrogen peak i.e. calculated as the area under the nitrogen curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to N_weight. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugN</b>: Measure of the elemental nitrogen content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d15N</b>: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 15N: 14N isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Beam.Area.C</b>: Measure of the carbon peak i.e. calculated as the area under the carbon curve by Calisto software. This value is directly related to C_weight (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ugC</b>: Measure of the elemental carbon content of the sample (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>d13C</b>: the delta value of the sample, which describes the ration of 13C: 12C isotopes (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2016-05-01 to 2017-02-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
Figure 3 in Stridulation in Aphodius dung beetles: Songs and morphology of stridulatory organs in North American Aphodius species (Scarabaeidae)
Figure 3. SEM of the plectrum (a) and the file (b) of Aphodius rainieri.
Figure 3 in Variation in dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a tropical forest remnant from a Mexican National Park
Figure 3. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) constructed from the Bray-Curtis index to establish the similarities between (A) seasons, (B) baits, and (C) daily activity of the dung beetle assemblages in the Cañón del Sumidero National Park, Chiapas.
Figure 1 in Variation in dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a tropical forest remnant from a Mexican National Park
Figure 1. Location of the two sampling areas in a tropical forest remnant in the core zone of the Cañón del Sumidero National Park, Chiapas.
Figure 4 in Variation in dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a tropical forest remnant from a Mexican National Park
Figure 4. Rank-abundance curves of the dung beetle assemblages collected with four different baits, pointing out the dominant species in each. U.mic = Uroxys microcularis; C.lae = Copris laeviceps; A.rod = Ateuchus rodriguezi; C.vaz. = Canthon vazquezae; P.end = Phanaeus endymion.
Fig. 1 in The habitat preference of dung beetle species associated with elephant dung of the Malay Peninsula
Fig. 1. Map of all the localities where dung beetle sampling was carried out.
Fig. 1 in Diel flight activity and habitat preference of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 1. Location of the pitfall traps (black circle) in the study site.
Fig. 2 in Environmental and geographic factors driving dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) diversity in the dipterocarp forests of Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 2. All dung beetle capture data for the eight sampling sites rarefied by trap.
Figure 28 in Taxonomic review of the North American dung beetle genus Boreocanthon Halffter, 1958 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Figure 28. Approximate distributions of Boreocanthon ebenus (Say) and B. depressipennis (LeConte)
Draft genome of a dung beetle, Phelotrupes auratus
<p>Knowledge of population divergence history is key to understanding organism diversification mechanisms. The geotrupid dung beetle, <em>Phelotrupes auratus</em>, which inhabits montane forests and exhibits three color forms (red, green, and indigo), diverged into five local populations (west/red, south/green, south/indigo, south/red, and east/red) in the Kinki District of Honshu, Japan, based on the combined interpretation of genetic cluster and color-form data. Here, we estimated the demographic histories of these local populations using the newly assembled draft genome sequence of <em>P. auratus</em> and whole-genome resequencing data obtained from each local population. Using coalescent simulation analysis, we estimated <em>P. auratus</em> population divergences at ca. 3,800, 2,100, 600, and 200 years ago, with no substantial gene flow between diverged populations, implying the existence of persistent barriers to gene flow. Notably, the last two divergence events led to three local populations with different color forms. The initial divergence may have been affected by climatic cooling around that time, and the last three divergence events may have been associated with the increasing impact of human activities. Both climatic cooling and increasing human activity may have caused habitat fragmentation and a reduction in the numbers of large mammals supplying food (dung) for <em>P. auratus</em>, thereby promoting the decline, segregation, and divergence of local populations. Our research demonstrates that geographic population divergence in an insect with conspicuous differences in traits such as body color may have occurred rapidly under the influence of human activity.</p>
Dung Beetle at Maliau and SAFE project_Undergraduate thesis
<p>This is the undergraduate final year project intended to establish the diversity of dung beetle in three different land use types, primary forest, secondary forest, and oil palm plantation in Sabah Malaysia in January 2016. We used human dung for all the pitfall traps, and the traps were set in the field for 24 hours. The traps were spaced 100 metres from one another. The field works were conducted on 21st-22nd; 24th-25th; 26th-27th January 2016.</p>
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