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377 results for “evolution of complexity”
Figure 9 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 9 Molecular reconstruction including representative set of taxa of the Cloeodes-complex (comprising Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n.) and additional taxa of other lineages. Bayesian inference was used to reconstruct the tree based on the mitochondrial DNA barcoding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.8 are indicated. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. Geographic origins of the specimens are indicated. Colours: green = Bungona (Bungona); blue = Bungona (Chopralla); purple = Bungona (Centroptella); yellow = Cloeodes; white = other genera.
Figure 8 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 8 Distribution of Bungona (Chopralla) spp. Marked occurrence in Turkey encompass the position of both known localities of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n.
Figure 7 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 7 A Type locality of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. (Dipsiz Önü stream near Gemicıler village). B Valley of Dipsiz Önü stream approximately 400 m downstream from the type locality.
Figure 6 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 6 Difference in the arrangement of the posterior margin of pronotum between Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. (A) and Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (B).
Figure 5 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 5 Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., thorax and abdomen. A Setae on abdominal sterna IV, V and VI. B Part of metathorax with vestigial hind wing pad. C Surface and posterior margin of abdominal terga II, V and VIII. D Paraproct. E Abdominal tergum X. F Gills.
Figure 4 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 4 Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., legs. A Scales on surface of legs. B Foretibia (dorsal). C Middle tibia (dorsal). D Hind tibia (dorsal). E Claw. F Detail of claw apex. Abbreviations: s–scale, ss–scale socket, pts–patella-tibial suture.
Figure 3 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 3 Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., legs. A Foreleg (dorsal, same scale bar for A, C, E). B Basal part of fore tibia (dorsal, same scale bar for B, D, F). C Middle leg (dorsal). D Basal part of middle tibia (dorsal). E Hind leg (dorsal). F Basal part of hind tibia (dorsal). Abbreviations: pts–patella-tibial suture.
Figure 2 from: Sroka P, Godunko RJ, Rutschmann S, Angeli KB, Salles FF, Gattolliat J-L (2019) A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae): an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
Figure 2 Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., mouthparts. A Labrum (right side dorsal, left side ventral). B Incisors of left mandible (dorsal, same scale bar for B and C). C Incisors of right mandible (dorsal). D Glossa and paraglossa (dorsal, same scale bar for D–G). E Labial palp (dorsal). F Glossa and paraglossa (ventral). G Labial palp (ventral). H Maxilla. Abbreviations: oig–outer incisor group, iig–inner incisor group, prs–prostheca, sI–submedial seta, sII–apicolateral arc of setae.
Data from: Evolutionary consequence of a change in life cycle complexity: a link between precocious development and evolution towards female-biased sex allocation in a hermaphroditic parasite
The evolutionary consequences of changes in the complex life cycles of parasites are not limited to the traits that directly affect transmission. For instance, mating systems that are altered due to precocious sexual maturation in what is typically regarded as an intermediate host may impact opportunities for outcrossing. In turn, reproductive traits may evolve to optimize sex allocation. Here we test the hypothesis that sex allocation evolved towards a more female-biased function in populations of the hermaphroditic digenean trematode Alloglossidium progeneticum that can precociously reproduce in their second hosts. In these precocious populations, parasites are forced to self-fertilize as they remain encysted in their second hosts. In contrast, parasites in obligate 3-host populations have more opportunities to outcross in their third host. We found strong support that in populations with precocious development, allocation to male resources was greatly reduced. We also identified a potential phenotypically plastic response in a body size-sex allocation relationship that may be driven by the competition for mates. These results emphasize how changes in life cycle patterns that alter mating systems can impact the evolution of reproductive traits in parasites.
Data from: A simple explanation for the evolution of complex song syntax in Bengalese finches
The songs of Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica) have complex syntax and provide an opportunity to investigate how complex sequential behavior emerges via the evolutionary process. In the present study, we suggest that a simple mechanism, i.e., many-to-one mapping from internal states onto syllables, may underlie the emergence of apparent complex syllable sequences that have higher-order history dependencies. We analyzed the songs of Bengalese finches and of their wild ancestor, the white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata), whose songs are more stereotypical and simpler compared to those of Bengalese finches. The many-to-one mapping mechanism sufficiently accounted for the differences in the complexity of song syllable sequences of these two strains.
Figure 11 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 11. Relative height to breadth of malar space across sublineages of Bombus trifasciatus.
Figs 51-54 in Classification, natural history, and evolution of Tarsosteninae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IV. Taxonomy of the Tarsostenodes complex of Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Tasmania
Figs 51-54: Habitus. (51) Blackburniella apicula. (52) Blackburniella intricata. (53) Paratillus carus. (54) P. atali.
Figs 44-49 in Classification, natural history, and evolution of Tarsosteninae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part IV. Taxonomy of the Tarsostenodes complex of Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Tasmania
Figs 44-49: Various organs. 44-45 Eyes. (44) Tarsostenus univittatus. (45) Paratillus carus. 46-47 Heads. (46) Tarsostenus univittatus. (47) Paratillus carus. 48-49 Pronota (48) Tarsostenus univittatus. (49) Paratillus carus.
Figure 2 from: Ketmaier V, Glaubrecht M (2015) The legacy of the Crusaders: Complex history of colonization and anthropochory in the land snails Levantina (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91(1): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.4693
Figure 2 - Historical biogeography in Levantina. On the left is the cladogram (as in Fig. 1 but pruned of the outgroup taxa) summarizing the Bayesian dispersal – vicariance analysis. The distribution of each haplotype and the relative shell shape is summarized in the column to the right of the haplotype identifiers (K = Karpathos Is.; R = Rhodes Is.; S = Symi Is.; N = Nimos Is.; CT = Continental Turkey; IS = Israel). Pie charts and numbers next to them indicate marginal probabilities of alternative ancestral ranges; colors identify the different geographic areas considered and match those in Fig. 1. Roman numbers identify events discussed in the text. On the right is the schematic of the proposed biogeographic history of Levantina. Arrows indicate the direction of the dispersal events inferred by the Bayesian dispersal – vicariance analysis and discussed in the text; roman numbers are the same as in the cladogram shown on the left. The bottom left panel details events within the umbilicate clade (circles), the bottom right panel those within the insular non-umbilicate clade (squares).
Figure 1 from: Ketmaier V, Glaubrecht M (2015) The legacy of the Crusaders: Complex history of colonization and anthropochory in the land snails Levantina (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91(1): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.4693
Figure 1 - Evolutionary relationships in Levantina. Numbers at nodes are statistical support for the ML and Bayesian searches (first and second value above branches). Numbers below branches are age estimates in millions of years with the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) credibility interval in parentheses. Age estimates in bold are discussed in details in the text. Haplotype numbering is as in Table 1. The distribution of each haplotype and the relative shell shape is summarized in the column to the right of the haplotype identifiers (K = Karpathos Is.; R = Rhodes Is.; S = Symi Is.; N = Nimos Is.; CT = Continental Turkey; IS = Israel). Pictures illustrate how shell variability (closed or open umbilicus; squares and circles, respectively) is distributed in Levantina and Assyriella.
Data from: Body size evolution in mammals: complexity in tempo and mode
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Data from: Head-turning morphologies: evolution of shape diversity in the mammalian atlas-axis complex
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Data from: Evolution of vertebrate postcranial complexity: axial skeleton regionalization and paired appendages in a Devonian jawless fish
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Data from: Sexual selection and the evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex
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Data from: Directional selection can drive the evolution of modularity in complex traits
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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