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445 results for “karyotype”
Data from: Phylogenomic analysis of transcriptome data elucidates co-occurrence of a paleopolyploid event and the origin of bimodal karyotypes in Agavoideae (Asparagaceae)
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The stability of the bimodal karyotype found in Agave and closely related species has long interested botanists. The origin of the bimodal karyotype has been attributed to allopolyploidy, but this hypothesis has not been tested. Next Generation transcriptome sequence data were used to test whether a paleopolyploid event occurred on the same branch of the Agavoideae phylogenetic tree as the origin of the Yucca-Agave bimodal karyotype. METHODS: Illumina RNAseq data were generated for phylogenetically strategic species in Agavoideae. Paleopolyploidy was inferred in analyses of frequency plots for synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks) between Hosta, Agave and Chlorophytum paralogous and orthologous gene pairs. Phylogenies of gene families including paralogous genes for these species and outgroup species were estimated in order to place inferred paleopolyploid events on a species tree. KEY RESULTS: Ks frequency plots suggested paleopolyploid events in the history of the genera Agave, Hosta and Chlorophytum. Phylogenetic analyses of gene families estimated from transcriptome data revealed two polyploid events: one predating the last common ancestor of Agave and Hosta and one within the lineage leading to Chlorophytum. CONCLUSIONS: We found that allopolyoidy and the origin of the Yucca-Agave bimodal karyotype co-occur on the same lineage consistent with the hypothesis that the bimodal karyotype is a consequence of allopolyploidy. We discuss this and alternative mechanisms for the formation of the Yucca-Agave bimodal karyotype. More generally, we illustrate how the use of next generation sequencing technology is a cost-efficient means for assessing genome evolution in non-model species.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the genus Alsodes (Anura: Neobatrachia) from the Nothofagus forest, Coastal Range, Southern Chile, identified by its karyotype
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Alsodes norae (A) Lateral view, (B) dorsal view. Bar equal 1 cm.
FIGURE 2 in Dorcadion axillare Küster, 1847 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): distribution, morphometrics, karyotype and description of a new subspecies from Romania
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Dorcadion litigiosum var. varnarum Pic and its labels (MNHN collection).
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of larva, pupa and imago male of Chironomus (Chironomus) salinarius Kieffer from the saline rivers of the Lake Elton basin (Russia), its karyotype and ecology
FIGURE 1. Map of the study area indicating sampling sites.
FIGURE 6a in Macropelopia nebulosa group (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) — karyotype and morphology of larvae and pupae
FIGURE 6a. Somatic heterozygous inversion in arm D. Bar is 100 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Macropelopia nebulosa group (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) — karyotype and morphology of larvae and pupae
FIGURE 5. Inherited heterozygous inversion in arm F. Bar is 100 µm.
FIGURE 6b in Macropelopia nebulosa group (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) — karyotype and morphology of larvae and pupae
FIGURE 6b. Somatic heterozygous inversions in arms EF. Bar is 100 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Larva of Glyptotendipes (Glyptotendipes) glaucus (Meigen 1818) (Chironomidae, Diptera) — morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), karyotype, and biology in laboratory conditions
FIGURE 9. Differences in size of G. (G.) glaucus one month after hatching and a shape of the tubes.
Supplementary material 1 from: Simanovsky SA, Medvedev DA, Tefera F, Golubtsov AS (2023) Divergent karyotypes in five genera of the African endemic fish family Distichodontidae (Cithariniformes, Osteichthyes). Comparative Cytogenetics 17: 251-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.107744
Supporting information
FIGURE 9 in Karyotypes of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) in Northeast China
FIGURE 9. Dendrogram of eight Tettigoniidae species from the clustering analysis.
FIG. 10 in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe
FIG. 10. Photographic images of the N. happoldorum baculum, (A) lateral and (B) dorsal view
FIGURE 1 in The fundamental karyotype and plastid DNA of Alstroemeria piperata (Liliales, Alstroemeriaceae), a species endemic to the Valparaíso Region, Chile
FIGURE 1. Flowers of Alstroemeria piperata.
FIGURE 4 in The fundamental karyotype and plastid DNA of Alstroemeria piperata (Liliales, Alstroemeriaceae), a species endemic to the Valparaíso Region, Chile
FIGURE 4. Metaphase of Alstroemeria piperata. Scale 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 in The fundamental karyotype and plastid DNA of Alstroemeria piperata (Liliales, Alstroemeriaceae), a species endemic to the Valparaíso Region, Chile
FIGURE 3. Storage roots of Alstroemeria piperata.
FIGURE 2 in The fundamental karyotype and plastid DNA of Alstroemeria piperata (Liliales, Alstroemeriaceae), a species endemic to the Valparaíso Region, Chile
FIGURE 2. Habitat of Alstroemeria piperata.
Fig. 3 in Karyotype differentiation and cytotaxonomic considerations in species of Serrasalmidae (Characiformes) from the Amazon basin
Fig. 3. Chromosome pairs of Serrasalmidae species showing the co-localization of the heterochromatic C-positive band (left side) and 5S rDNA site (right side): a-b) Serrasalmus elongatus; c-d) Serrasalmus maculatus; e-f) Serrasalmus cf. rhombeus; g-h) Serrasalmus rhombeus; i-j) Pygocentrus nattereri; k-l) Colossoma macropomum. Numbers indicate the corresponding chromosome pair in the karyotypes of the species. Pair 12 in Colossoma macropomum does not exhibit the conspicuous C-band.
Fig. 1 in Karyotype differentiation and cytotaxonomic considerations in species of Serrasalmidae (Characiformes) from the Amazon basin
Fig. 1. Analyzed Serrasalmidae species: a) Serrasalmus elongatus (total length = 19.5 cm); b) Serrasalmus maculatus (total length = 15.5 cm); c) Serrasalmus cf. rhombeus (total length = 12.5 cm); d) Serrasalmus rhombeus (total length = 17.5 cm); e) Pygocentrus nattereri (total length = 15.0 cm); f) Colossoma macropomum (total length = 19.0 cm).
FIGURE 1 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes
FIGURE 1. Location of collection sites of Polycelis in Shaanxi Province, China.
Fig. 3 in Karyotype characterization of Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), including a description of an unusual co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family
Fig. 3. Metaphase plates of Mugil incilis after FISH with 45SrDNA (a) and 5SrDNA (c), respectively (b and d) DAPI counterstained. Arrows indicate chromosome pair number 1.
Figure 3 from: Mitrenina EY, Erst AS, Peruzzi L, Skaptsov MV, Ikeda H, Nikulin VY, Wang W (2021) Karyotype and genome size variation in white-flowered Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis (Ranunculaceae). PhytoKeys 187: 207-227. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.75715
Figure 3 Haploid idiograms of white-flowered Eranthis sect. Shibateranthis species. I–VIII – chromosome pairs; m – metacentric chromosome; sm – submetacentric chromosome; st – subtelocentric chromosome; t – acrocentric chromosome; T – telocentric chromosome; B – B chromosome.
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