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542 results for “leaf mining”
FIGURE 2 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 2. Sampling localities in the Russian Far East. (A–C) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS: (A) European woody plant species zone, (B) Juglans mandshurica plantation, (C) East Asian woody plant species zone; (D) PK, 20 km west of MTS, artificial lake on the way to Glukhovka and Rakovka; (E–H) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Susunay mountain range: (E–G) pass "Verblud", sampling and camping area, (H) foothills of the Susunay mountain range, the Erman's birch groove. Personalities: (C) S. Gorokhova, (F) V. Sheiko, (H) N. Kirichenko (the photographs are published with the permission of SG, VS and NK). (PK) Primorskii Krai, (SO) Sakhalinskaya Oblast (includes Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands).
FIGURE 9 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 9. Number of gracillariid species found on various plant plants in the Russian Far East in 2010–2017. In some cases, the same gracillariid species were found on more than one plant genus (for example, Gracillaria sp. on Syringa and Fraxinus, Phyllonorycter pastorella on Salix and Populus etc.), therefore the sum of all bars is more than the total number of species identified in the study.
FIGURE 5 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of gracillariids sampled in the Russian Far East. (A) Micrurapteryx caraganella, host plant Caragana arborescens, Skovorodino, Amurskaya Oblast, 26.VI.2016; genitalia slide [39-female]; (B) Phyllonorycter nipponicella, Quercus mongolica, PK, Gornotaezhnoe, 23.VII.2016, [8-2016-female]. Scale bars: (A) 550, (B) 100 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 6. Male genitalia of Caloptilia and Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Caloptilia gloriosa, host plant Acer pseudosieboldianum, genitalia slide [13-male]; (B) Phyllonorycter cavella, Betula dahurica, [11-2016-male]; (C) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, [4-2016-male]; (D) Ph. jozanae, Crataegus sp. [14Pj-2016-male]; (E) Ph. issikii, T. mandshurica, [NK596-male]. Sampling locations: PK, Gornotaezhnoe, (A–D) 22–25.VII.2016, (E) 21.VIII.2015. Scale bars: (A) 350, (B–E) 200 µm.
FIGURE 14 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 14. Mines, leaf shelters and pupation sites of Phyllonorycter, Chrysaster and Cameraria spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Phyllonorycter sp. 7, host plant Ulmus glabra; (B–C) Phyllonorycter sp. 8, Juglans mandshurica; (D–E) Chrysaster hagicola, Lespedeza bicolor; (F–G) Cameraria niphonica, Acer pseudosieboldianum and A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, respectively; (H) Phyllocnistis sp. 1, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (b) blotch part of the mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (l) larva; (p) pupation site. Close up: (C–G) mine; (H) pupation site. Sampling locations: (A) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017; (B–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–26.VII.2016.
FIGURE 10 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 10. Mines, leaf shelters and pupation sites of Micrurapteryx and Caloptilia spp. from the Russian Far East. (A–B) Micrurapteryx caraganella, host plant Caragana arborescens; (C) M. gradatella, Vicia sp.; (D) Caloptilia acericola, Acer pseudosieboldianum; (E) C. alni, Alnus hirsuta; (F) C. betulicola, Betula platyphylla; (G) C. heringi, A. pictum; (H) C. stigmatella, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (p) pupation site; (f) folded leaf margin or leaf tip; (r1–r2) rolled leaf margin or leaf tip (the indexes 1 and 2 indicate the order of construction appearance); *mine of Diptera. Close up: (C, G, H) mine. Sampling locations: (A–C) AO, Skovorodino, 26.VI.2016; (D) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–27.VII.2016; (E–H) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017.
FIGURES 2–8 in Discovery of leaf-mining Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) in Colombia and their distribution in the Neotropics
FIGURES 2–8. Habitat and host plants of Astrotischeria colombiana Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov. 2, 3, habitat, Lobo Guerrero, Valle del Cauca, 850 m, 3°45'58''N, 76°40'43''W; 4–8, host plant, Wedelia calycina Rich., Asteraceae (see Remarks).
FIGURES 11–15 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 11–15. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria parapallens Diškus & Stonis, 3,320 m (a new elevation record), non-type specimen, genitalia slide no. AD1140 (MfN). 11, genitalia capsule with phallus removed, focused on the ventral view; 12, same, focused on the dorsal view; 13, anellus; 14, phallus; 15, basal processes of valvae.
FIGURES 34–42 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 34–42. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria andina Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 3,595–3,600 m. 34, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD748 (MfN). 35, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1160 (MfN); 36–39, details of genitalia capsule, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1160 (MfN); 40, dentate dorsal lobe of valva, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD748 (MfN); 41, 42, general view of genitalia capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1160 (MfN).
FIGURES 16–23 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 16–23. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria peruanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 2,110 m. 16–19, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1180 (MfN); 20–23, paratype, with phallus (23) removed, genitalia slide no. AD1172 (MfN).
FIGURES 47–52 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 47–52. Bionomics of mountainous Astrotischeria species. 47, habitat of A. parapallens Diškus & Stonis and A. montivaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., Ayacucho, Huamanga Province, Peru, 3,320 m; 48, unidentified host plant of A. peruanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., possibly Baccharis trinervis Pers., Asteraceae, 2,110 m; 49, 50, leaf mines with feeding larvae of Astrotischeria peruanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 51, 52, Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Asteraceae, a host plant of Astrotischeria viscacha Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., Pisac, Calca Province, Peru at an elevation of 2,990 m.
FIGURES 53–59 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 53–59. Bionomics of Astrotischeria andina Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 53, 54, habitat, Saqsaywaman, Cusco, Peru, 3,595–3,600 m; 55–57, host plant Baccharis buxifolia (Lam.) Pers., Asteraceae; 58, 59, leaf mines.
FIGURES 4–10 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 4–10. Adults of mountainous Astrotischeria species. 4, A. viscacha Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 2,990 m, male holotype; 5, 6, same, female paratype; 7, A. andina Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., male holotype, 3,595–3,600 m; 8, same, male paratype; 9, 10, same, female paratype (MfN).
FIGURES 43–46 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 43–46. Female genitalia of mountainous Astrotischeria species. 43, 44, A. viscacha Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 2,990 m, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1176 (MfN); 45, 46, A. andina Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 3,595–3,600 m, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1179 (MfN).
FIGURES 29–33 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 29–33. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria viscacha Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 2,990 m, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1177 (MfN). 29, 30, uncus, 31, genitalia capsule with phallus removed, focused on valvae; 32, 33, phallus.
FIGURES 24–28 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 24–28. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria montivaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., 3,320 m. 24, genitalia capsule with phallus removed, holotype, slide no. AD1185 (MfN); 25, 26, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD746 (MfN); 27, same, phallus; 28, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1185 (MfN).
FIGURES 1–3 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 1–3. Adults of mountainous Astrotischeria species. 1, A. parapallens Diškus & Stonis, 3,320 m, non-type specimen, a new elevation record; 2, A. peruanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, 2,110 m; 3, A. montivaga Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, 3,320 m (MfN).
FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURES 61–63. Tischeriidae occurrence across different elevations. 61, based on the current data of the global fauna (192 species), with the record-high altitudes for Tischeriidae compared with the record-high altitude reported for Nepticulidae; 62, Tischeriidae in the tropical regions (97 species) showing Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. as a species discovered at record-high altitudes; 63, Tischeriidae in non-tropical regions (105 species) showing the species discovered at record-high altitudes in nontropical regions. *Note that the distribution of some species overlaps across different altitudes, and some species have been discovered in both tropical (Fig. 62) and non-tropical regions (Fig. 63). The total current number of Tischeriidae species is still 192 (not 97+105). Note that this illustrative representation of the diversity of ecosystems, conveyed by J. R. Stonis, is presented in a stylized and idealized manner, without relying on precise depiction of the actual components.
FIGURE 60 in How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations
FIGURE 60. The Neighbor-Joining tree of the 133–639 bp long mtDNA CO1-5' sequences of Astrotischeria andina sp. nov. and related species. The divergence was calculated using the T92+G model and 10,000 replicates. Bootstrap values below 50 are not shown. Pseudopostega bogotensis Vargas was included as an outgroup.
Data from: Molecular phylogeny, revised higher classification, and implications for conservation of endangered Hawaiian leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Philodoria)
The leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is composed of 30 described species, all of which are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Philodoria is known to feed on 10 families of endemic Hawaiian host plants, with several species recorded only from threatened or endangered hosts. Beyond their dependence on these plants, little is known of their evolutionary history and conservation status. We constructed a molecular phylogeny of Philodoria to assess validity of its current subgeneric classification and to help guide future work on this threatened Hawaiian lineage. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from three genes (CO1, CAD, EF-1α) combining for a total of 2,041 base pairs, were collected from 11 Philodoria species, incorporating taxa from both currently recognized subgenera. These data were analyzed using both parsimony and model-based phylogenetic approaches. Contrary to the most recent systematic treatment of Philodoria, our results indicate strongly that the two currently recognized Philodoria subgenera are not monophyletic and that morphological characters used to classify them are homoplasious. Based on our robust results, we revised the higher classification of Philodoria: the subgenus Eophilodoria Zimmerman, 1978 is established as subjective junior synonym of Philodoria Walsingham, 1907. We also present new host plant and distribution data and discuss host range of Philodoria as it pertains to endangered Hawaiian plants.
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