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2,291 results for “life history”
Figure 5 in Rediscovery and life history of Bathromelas hyaloscopa (Meyrick & Lower, 1907) Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae
Figure 5. Distribution map of B. hyaloscopa with published records as white circles (as approximate from Meyrick & Lower, 1907 and Turner, 1947) and cross-hatched circles for new records referred to in this text.
Figure 4 in Rediscovery and life history of Bathromelas hyaloscopa (Meyrick & Lower, 1907) Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae
Figure 4. Habitat and live habitus of B. hyaloscopa. Habitat at A, Leyburn, Qld, B, Bendidee SF, Qld, C-D, live larva, E, newly eclosed male expanding wings and F, at rest, G, empty pupal cases on host tree at Bendidee SF.
Figs. 8–14 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Figs. 8–14. Genitalia morphology of Leurocephala chilensis under light microscopy: (8) male, posterior view; (9) distal end of valva, in detail (enlarged, rectangular area marked in Fig. 8); (10) aedeagus, lateral view; (11) dorsal spines of aedeagus, in detail (enlarged area indicated by seta in Fig. 10); (12) female, ventral view; (13, 14) signa, in detail (indicated by open and closed arrows in Fig. 12). Scale bars = 200, 50, 100, 20, 200, 50 and 50 µm, respectively.
Figs. 1–7 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Figs. 1–7. Adult and life-history of Leurocephala chilensis on the abaxial surface of Schinus molle leaves: (1) pinned-dried male, dorsal view; (2) egg; (3) freshly hatched first instar larva, seen by transparence within the mine (empty chorium is indicated by arrow aside); (4) middle age mine (arrow indicates the egg-chorium at the beginning of the mine; letters and associated dashed-lines correspond to the locations of tissue sections, presented in transversal view in Figs. 33–35); (5) old, empty mine (seta indicates exit of last instar larva); (6) pupal cocoon, ornamented with bubbles (arrow); (7) pupal exuvium, partially protruding from the cocoon. Scale bars = 1, 0.5, 0.5, 5, 5, 3 and 1 mm, respectively.
Figs. 27–32 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Figs. 27–32. Pupa of Leurocephala chilensis under scanning electron microscopy: (27) head, ventral view; (28) "cocoon-cutter" in detail, ventral; (29) labrum in detail, ventral; (30) sixth and seventh abdominal segments, dorsal, (31) spiracle of eighth abdominal segment, lateral; (32) last abdominal segments, dorso-posterior. Scale bars = 100, 25, 100, 100, 5 and 100 µm, respectively.
Figs. 19–26 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Figs. 19–26. Last larval instar of Leurocephala chilensis under scanning electron microscopy: (19–20) head, under dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (21) antenna, dorsal; (22) callum of first abdominal segment, ventral; (23) sternal prothoracic plate, ventral; (24) mesothoracic leg, lateral; (25) pseudopodium of fifth abdominal segment, ventral; (26) spiracle of eighth abdominal segment, lateral. Scale bars = 100, 50, 20, 50, 25, 50, 50 and 10 µm, respectively.
Figs. 15–18 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Figs. 15–18. Last instar (15, 16) and pupal (17–18) morphologies of Leurocephala chilensis under light microscopy,in dorsal and ventral views, respectively.Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 36 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Fig. 36. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Leurocephala inferred based on 658 bp of DNA barcode sequences (cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene). Asterisk above branch indicate bootstrap support lower than 50%. Species of Spinivalva, Parectopa and Epicephala were used as outgroup; see Table 1 and text for further description.
Figs. 33–35 in A new species of Leurocephala Davis & Mc Kay (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Azapa Valley, northern Chilean Atacama Desert, with notes on life-history
Figs. 33–35. Variation in transversal histological sections of Leurocephala chilensis on Schinus molle leaf, according to larval ontogeny; (33) first, sapfeeding instar (position indicated by letter "a" in Fig. 4); (34) early tissue-feeding instar (letter "b" in Fig. 4); (35) last tissue-feeding instar (letter "c" in Fig. 4). Ab, abaxial surface of epidermis; Ad, adaxial surface of epidermis; Lm, leaf mine; Ep, epidermis; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Evolving to stay the same: Life history evolution and trade-offs in response to high and low total food
<p>Food drives ecology and evolution, but few studies have directly investigated the impacts of the total amount of food on life history evolution within-species. Among the limited number of available case studies that do directly test total food effects on life history evolution we still lack consensus, partially owing to incompletely described life histories. We explored life history trade-offs across the whole lifecycle, and the consequences for trait and population dynamics, in a marine copepod evolved under high and low total food using an integral projection model (IPM). Populations were subjected to high- and low-food regimes and a common garden experiment after 30 generations of evolution. We then sampled and measured individual vital rates (growth, reproduction, and survival) from hatching until death, which were used to parameterise IPMs. Food regime had a significant but slight effect on life histories, which appeared 'slow' and 'fast' in low-food and high-food lineages respectively. Low-food lineages grew bigger and produced larger offspring to genetically compensate for their environment, but this compensation came with costs; notably shorter lifespans and less chance of producing clutches of eggs. Despite these differences, population ecology and fitness were similar in high- and low-food lineages as anticipated by per-capita rather than total food effects. Consequently, though natural planktonic populations may genetically mitigate the effects of climate-induced food scarcity, there are limits to this compensation and likely unforeseen impacts effects for wider food webs.</p>
Figs 7-12 in Larval morphology and life history of Ascalaphus dicax Walker, 1853 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphinae)
Figs 7-12 – Ascalaphus dicax Walker, 1853. 7, second instar larva after first moult; 8, young third instar larva; 9, mature third instar larva; 10, young third instar larva, in lateral view; 11, third instar larva, detail of the head, dorsal view; 12, third instar larva, last sternites, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figs 1-6 in Larval morphology and life history of Ascalaphus dicax Walker, 1853 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphinae)
Figs 1-6 – Ascalaphus dicax Walker, 1853. 1, egg mass; 2, hatching first instar larva; 3, first instar larva on hatched eggs; 4, first instar larvae; 5, first instar larva preying on Tribolium larva; 6, first instar larva feeding on blaberid nymph. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Data from: Sex-dependent integration of ornamentation, personality, morphology and life history
<p>Phenotypic integration can be defined as the patterns and strength of the covariance between traits in an organism. The pace of life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis provides a testable case of phenotypic integration as it predicts that traits that mediate the trade-off between current and future reproduction, should have coevolved with the slow-fast life-history continuum, and may thus covary across individuals of a population. Although the POLS hypothesis has received increasing attention over the last decade, there is still a need for investigating whether POLS are sex-specific or if ornamental traits can be included within the POLS framework. We used nine years of data to describe the integration patterns of ornamental coloration, personality, morphology and life history in blue tits (<em>Cyanistes caeruleus</em>) and whether they differed between males and females. With that aim, we fitted multivariate mixed models separating the among- from the within-individual covariances. We found that the overall integration between the studied traits was weak, but our results suggested some sex-specific covariances at the among- and within-individual levels. Besides, we found several covariances between the ornamental colors and personality in males but not in females. Finally, using structural equation models, we tested for the presence of trait modules (i.e. covariances between traits involved in the same biological function). Our results support the presence of a morphological module, not of ornamental or behavioral modules in males or females. Also, our results do not align with the POLS hypothesis, however they highlight the importance of considering sex when studying phenotypic integration.</p>
Linking the metabolic rate of individuals to species ecology and life history in key Arctic copepods
<p>This folder contains data and code for the manuscript "Linking the metabolic rate of individuals to species ecology <br> and life history in key Arctic copepods"</p> <p>The first script to run is the "rolling regression and adding covariates to MR data.R", this will read in all the<br> files with oxygen measurements, dry weight, and species and life stage information. The code will fit and predict <br> estimates for each individual, calculate O2 from calibration data, subtract background respiration, run the rolling regression,<br> and add the covariates DW, species and life stage to the metabolic rate data, and write the resulting data fame to a .txt file.</p> <p>The second script "lme4 Analysis and figures 5 6 7.R" will read in the data from the first script. <br> Here the AMR RMR and aerobic scope is estimated by Density Estimation via Model-Based Clustering. <br> The resulting data is fitted with a mixed model 'lmer'. <br> The remaining part of the script make the predictions that are presented in the text of the manuscript<br> and that are shown in figure 5, 6, and 7.</p> <p>Further information is annotated in the scripts</p>
Figure 8 Relationship between host parasitism rate and mean parasitoid load per host. Each data point represents 1 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 8 Relationship between host parasitism rate and mean parasitoid load per host. Each data point represents 1 year of host population sampling data for a single study site. The solid line (blue in the color figure) represents the linear regression model for the data.
Figure 5 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 5 Relationship of effective clutch size and temperature to larval residence time. Each data point represents the mean residence time of the parasitoid larvae inside a single host cicada along with the effective clutch size (number of larvae emerging from the host) and the mean air temperature experienced by the host during parasitoid development. The planar surface represents the multiple linear regression model of the effects of temperature and effective clutch size on larval residence time. Lines connected to the data points indicate the vertical distance of each data point from the regression surface (i.e., the residuals).
Figure 4 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 4 Larviposition by E. erro. A first-instar larva of E. erro on the right fore wing of a T. dorsatus moments after larviposition (larva indicated by blue arrow). The cicada's head and foreleg are at top center.
Figure 3 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 3 Locations of study sites. Filled circles indicate the primary sites used for estimating host parasitism rates, and open circles indicate secondary sites used for additional collections of cicadas and flies. Primary sites are referenced in the text by the counties in which they were located: 1) Harvey Co., 2) McPherson Co., 3) Reno Co., 4) Ellsworth Co., 5) Hamilton Co., and 6) Prowers Co. Both T. dorsatus and E. erro were found at all 11 sites. The inset map indicates the location of the main map in the United States.
Figure 6 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 6 Emergence of E. erro from its host. A mature larva of E. erro emerges from between the left operculum and the abdomen of a deceased male T. dorsatus from Prowers Co., CO.
Data from: Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout
<p>Life-history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinning is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large-scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>) from the Russian River, California, USA to elucidate sex-specific patterns of life-history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14-year period were used to identify 13,474 parent-offspring trios. These pedigrees were used to determine age structure, size distributions, and family sizes for these fish, as well as to estimate the heritability of two key life-history traits, spawn date and age at maturity (first reproduction). Spawn date was highly heritable (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.73) and had a cross-sex genetic correlation near unity. We provide the first estimate of heritability for age at maturity in ocean-going fish from this species and found it to be high heritable (h<sup>2</sup> from 0.29–0.62, depending upon sex and calculation), with a much lower genetic correlation across sexes. We also evaluated genotypes at a migration-associated inversion polymorphism and found sex-specific correlations with age at maturity. The significant heritability of these two key reproductive traits in these imperiled fish, and their patterns of inheritance in the two sexes, is consistent with predictions of both natural and sexually antagonistic selection (sexes experience opposing selection pressures). This emphasizes the importance of anthropogenic factors, including hatchery practices and ecosystem modifications, in shaping the fitness of this species, thus providing important guidance for management and conservation efforts.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.