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Figure 2 in First record of albinism in long-nosed mongoose Xenogale naso documented with camera traps in the Yoko Council Forest, Centre Cameroon
Figure 2: The recorded albino long-nosed mongooses in a grassland savannah (a) and in a swamp dominated by raffia palms (b and c) of Yoko Council Forest, Cameroon.
Table ̚: Diagnostic morphological characteristics of the Hipposideros armiger captured in cave of the Sadar Upazila subdistrict (Bandarban district, Bangladesh) and closely related species of the genus Hipposideros in South Asia according to Srinivasulu et al. (2010). in First record of Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros armiger (Hipposideridae) from Bangladesh
<p><b>Table ̚:</b> Diagnostic morphological characteristics of the <i>Hipposideros armiger</i> captured in cave of the Sadar Upazila subdistrict (Bandarban district, Bangladesh) and closely related species of the genus <i>Hipposideros</i> in South Asia according to Srinivasulu et al. (2010).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>External characters</b></th><th><b>This study</b></th><th><i>H. armiger</i></th><th><i>H. speoris</i></th><th><i>H. larvatus</i></th><th><i>H. lankadiva</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>(mm)</b></th><td></td><td><b>(Hodgson, ̚s̒ƽ)</b></td><td><b>(Schneider, ̚see)</b></td><td><b>(Horsfield, ̚sz̒)</b></td><td><b>(Kellart, ̚sƽe)</b></td></tr><tr><th>Forearm length</th><td>90.1</td><td>85.4–95.0</td><td>45.6–54.0</td><td>61.2–64.8</td><td>75.0–99.0</td></tr><tr><th>Head body length</th><td>98.3</td><td>82.0–105.0</td><td>46.0–62.0</td><td>74.0–78.0</td><td>87.0–106.0</td></tr><tr><th>Tail length</th><td>49.9</td><td>50.0–64.0</td><td>20.0–29.0</td><td>37.0–44.0</td><td>35.0–58.0</td></tr><tr><th>Ear length</th><td>26.6</td><td>26.0–34.0</td><td>12.5–19.0</td><td>23.0–26.0</td><td>19.5–30.0</td></tr><tr><th>No. of supplementary</th><td>4 (4th much</td><td>4 (4th much reduced)</td><td>3 (3rd much reduced)</td><td>4 (4th much reduced)</td><td>4 (4th sometimes</td></tr><tr><th>leaflets</th><td>reduced)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>absent)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Host and pathogen ecology drive the seasonal dynamics of a fungal disease, white-nose syndrome
Seasonal patterns in pathogen transmission can influence the impact of disease on populations and the speed of spatial spread. Increases in host contact rates or births drive seasonal epidemics in some systems, but other factors may occasionally override these influences. White-nose syndrome, caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, is spreading across North America and threatens several bat species with extinction. We examined patterns and drivers of seasonal transmission of P. destructans by measuring infection prevalence and pathogen loads in six bat species at 30 sites across the eastern United States. Bats became transiently infected in autumn, and transmission spiked in early winter when bats began hibernating. Nearly all bats in six species became infected by late winter when infection intensity peaked. In summer, despite high contact rates and a birth pulse, most bats cleared infections and prevalence dropped to zero. These data suggest the dominant driver of seasonal transmission dynamics was a change in host physiology, specifically hibernation. Our study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to describe the seasonality of transmission in this emerging wildlife disease. The timing of infection and fungal growth resulted in maximal population impacts, but only moderate rates of spatial spread.
FIGURE 6 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 6. Graph of median, quartiles and range for the ratio with the highest species discrimination when all five species compared (PW1 to PL1 — first pereiopod propodus width versus length).
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 3. Single most parsimonious tree (length = 59, CI = 0.966, RI = 0.846) resulting from branch and bound search of isozyme electrophoretic data from a selected population representing each of the five groups of Thenus. All internal nodes within Thenus received 99% bootstrap support. Two Ibacus species were used as outgroups. The two closest species, T. indicus and T. parindicus, are separated by three fixed differences in muscle tissue
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 5. Scatterplot of canonical scores from forward stepwise discriminant function analysis, with a 95% confidence fit for each species.
FIGURE 1. Diagrams showing positions used for morphometric measurements. A, carapace B in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 1. Diagrams showing positions used for morphometric measurements. A, carapace B, first and second antennal segments; C, pereiopods 1–3; D, first abdominal segment; E, sixth abdominal segment and telson.
FIGURE 8 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 8. Comparison of the pereiopods of (A) Thenus indicus (QM-W24674, female, 87.4 mm c.w.) and (B) T. parindicus (QM-W7973, male, 62.4 mm c.w.) showing the differing characteristic patterns of setation on the propodi of P1 and P2.
FIGURE 11 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 11. Geographic variation in spotting on the pereiopods of Thenus orientalis. A, Taiwan (spots very small, more obvious on posterior legs); B, Vietnam (spotting conspicuous and of moderate size).
FIGURE 13 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 13. Third maxillipeds of two species of Thenus, A, T. parindicus, B, T. australiensis. The merus of all species except T. parindicus possesses a small spine (s) proximally on the inner ventral margin, in addition to prominent dentition along the entire length of the inner margin of the ischium (d).
FIGURE 18 A, C in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 18 A, C, Thenus orientalis (off Singapore); B, D, T. indicus (off Singapore); E. T. parindicus (off Darwin, Australia) F, G, H, T. unimaculatus (off Phuket, Thailand), note the variation in the extent of the purple blotch on the propodus of the pereiopods, always represented by at least a streak on P1 as on H; I, T. australiensis (off Darwin, Australia). J, live specimen presumed to be T. orientalis from Bali, Indonesia; Photographs reproduced with kind permission of Tin- Yam Chan (A, B, C, D) and Roger Steene (J).
FIGURE 7 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 7. Graph of median, quartiles and range for the ratio with the highest species discrimination for Thenus australiensis and T. orientalis (TL to TW — telson length versus width).
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 2. Single most parsimonius tree (length = 84, CI = 0.821, RI = 0.732) resulting from heuristic search of condensed and filtered electrophoretic data (Table 4) for all geographic populations of Thenus spp. and two outgroups (GROUP V).
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 4. COI phylogeny of Thenus spp. based on heuristic search of 408 base pairs (length = 211, CI = 0.744; RI = 0.921). Numbers on internal nodes indicate bootstrap support. Specimens sequenced in one direction only are signified by "*".
FIGURE 17 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 17 Dorsal and ventral views of three species of Thenus: A, D, T. australiensis (off Darwin, Australia); B, E, T. unimaculatus (off Phuket, Thailand); C, F. T. parindicus (off Darwin, Australia).
FIGURE 10 in A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 10. Geographic variation in spotting on the pereiopods of Thenus orientalis. A, United Arab Emirates (large, sparse, individual spots); B, Philippines (numerous fine spots that tend to fuse especially on the anterior pereiopods).
Long-term changes in occurrence, relative abundance, and reproductive fitness of bat species in relation to arrival of White-nose Syndrome in West Virginia, USA
<p>White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans which has resulted in the deaths of millions of bats across eastern North America. To date, hibernacula counts have been the predominant means of tracking the spread and impact of this disease on bat populations. However, an understanding of the impacts of WNS on demographic parameters outside the winter season is critical to conservation and recovery of bat populations impacted by this disease. We used long-term monitoring data to examine WNS-related impacts to summer populations in West Virginia, where WNS has been documented since 2009. Using capture data from 290 mist-net sites surveyed from 2003–2019 on the Monongahela National Forest, we estimated temporal patterns in presence and relative abundance for each bat species. For species that exhibited a population-level response to WNS, we investigated post-WNS changes in adult female reproductive state and body mass. Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat), M. septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat), and Perimyotis subflavus (tri-colored bat) all showed significant decreases in presence and relative abundance during and following the introduction of WNS, while Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) and Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) responded positively during the WNS invasion. Probability of being reproductively active was not significantly different for any species, though a shift to earlier reproduction was estimated for E. fuscus and M. septentrionalis. For some species, body mass appeared to be influenced by the WNS invasion, but the response differed by species and reproductive state. Results suggest that continued long-term monitoring studies, additional research into impacts of this disease on the fitness of WNS survivors, and a focus on providing optimal non-wintering habitat may be valuable strategies for assessing and promoting recovery of WNS-affected bat populations.</p>
SNP genotyping of North Head and northern Sydney Long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta)
<p>Wildlife species impacted by habitat loss and fragmentation often require conservation efforts to maintain populations. Long-nosed bandicoots (<i>Perameles nasuta</i>) still persist within the highly urbanised matrix of northern Sydney (Australia). These data are from a conservation genetics project investigating population structure and genetic diversity of the North Head Long-nosed bandicoot (<em>Perameles nasuta) </em>population and individuals from surrounding suburbs throughout northern Sydney.</p> <p>The population at North Head, Sydney, is currently listed as an <i>Endangered</i> population due to its small size, apparent isolation and other threats. To support future management, we used 1,446 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) from 167 bandicoots to: i) assess the assumption of isolation and determine if genetic structuring is present between North Head and individuals from 11 other localities in northern Sydney, and ii) investigate genetic diversity over time in the North Head population from 2002 to 2018. Analyses confirmed population structuring and genetic divergence between North Head and greater northern Sydney. Three distinct populations were identified that corresponded to geographic localities (North Head, northern Sydney and Mosman). All populations were significantly differentiated (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> = 0.171–0.345), suggesting local genetic drift between localities. North Head genetic diversity indices estimated between 2002 to 2018 showed relatively constant levels of allelic richness (1.90–2.00) and observed heterozygosity (<i>H</i><sub>O</sub> = 0.231–0.310) along with minor levels of inbreeding (<i>F</i><sub>IS</sub> 0.020–0.052). The identification of some individuals sampled on North Head that were assigned to other populations suggests some sporadic geneflow into the population has occurred and may have assisted with maintaining genetic diversity.</p> <p>These data were used to suggest that the North Head population is distinct from other northern Sydney populations and has relatively constant levels of genetic diversity.</p>
Figure 5. Dasypus hybridus. A in Dental enamel structure in long-nosed armadillos (Xenarthra: Dasypus) and its evolutionary implications
Figure 5. Dasypus hybridus. A, cross-section parallel to the occlusal plane of a permanent molariform. B, C, photomicrographs of the permanent molariform, taken with the scanning electron microscope, showing the enamel layer. Abbreviations: D, dentine; E, enamel; EDJ, enamel–dentine junction; white arrowheads show incremental lines.
Figure 4. Dasypus punctatus. A in Dental enamel structure in long-nosed armadillos (Xenarthra: Dasypus) and its evolutionary implications
Figure 4. Dasypus punctatus. A, cross-section parallel to the occlusal plane of a deciduous molariform. B, C, photomicrographs of the deciduous molariform, taken with the scanning electron microscope, showing the enamel layer (E). D, cross-section parallel to the occlusal plane of a permanent molariform. E, F, photomicrographs of the permanent molariform, taken with the scanning electron microscope, showing detail of the enamel layer. Abbreviations: D, dentine; E, enamel; EDJ, enamel– dentine junction; white arrowheads show incremental lines.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.