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733 results for “predatory”
Data from: Host egg volatiles are involved in brood parasitism in predatory mites
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Genetic diversity varies with species traits and latitude in predatory soil arthropods (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
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Data from: Passive debris cloaking in beetles provides non-visual camouflage against predatory ants
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Population genomics of a predatory mammal reveals patterns of decline and impacts of exposure to toxic toads
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Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
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Predatory impact of benthic fishes in an Appalachian stream at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1998
Streams are characterized by high degrees of patchiness that could influence the role of predators in these systems. Here we assess the impact of predatory benthic fishes on benthic macroinvertebrate density, biomass, and community structure at the patch scale in a fourth order stream in the southern Appalachians in 1998. We conducted this experiment from July to September 1998 in Ball Creek, a fourth order stream at the USDA Forest Service’s Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina. We tested the role of predation in two different patch types: patches inhabited by adult mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi ) and random patches. We placed 30 basket pairs (one open to fish predation, and one from which fish predators were excluded) in the streambed at each patch type. We also tested for potential basket effects by setting up a basket control area.
FIGURE 8 in New species of predatory mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) for southern Brazil
FIGURE 8. Photographs of the two new species of Cunaxidae. A—Cunaxoides lajeadensis sp. nov. female; B—Lupaeus waldumirus sp. nov., female.
FIGURE 3 in New species of predatory mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) for southern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Cunaxoides lajeadensis sp. nov. female. Gnathosoma-A. Subcapitulum and palp ventral view; B. Dorsal view of the chelicera.
FIGURE 7 in New species of predatory mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) for southern Brazil
FIGURE 7. Cunaxoides lajeadensis sp. nov., male phase tritonymph. Dorsal view of the ecdysial line, with phase contrast.
FIGURE 10 in New species of predatory mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) for southern Brazil
FIGURE 10. Lupaeus waldumirus sp. nov., female. Gnathosoma—A. Subcapitulum and palp ventral view; B. Chelicera dorsal view.
Fig. 4 in Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 4. Graph of tooth dimensions for T. rex, Albertosaurus, and Nanotyrannus, compared with that of the embedded theropod tooth (A and B). When the ICL is plotted against the DCT (A), the three examined taxa are clearly separated, with a large gap existing between T. rex and Albertosaurus, and minor overlap between Albertosaurus and Nanotyrannus. The embedded theropod tooth falls only within the region occupied by T. rex (bold black line in A) and does not overlap with the other two taxa. Graphed ranges of tooth denticles per cm (B) indicates a similar trend, in which the embedded theropod tooth only overlaps T. rex and does not match either Albertosaurus or Nanotyrannus.
Fig. 1 in Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 1. Depiction of a hadrosaur skeleton showing the position in the tail of the fused vertebrae (A) and a lateral view of the affected vertebrae with the circle indicating the location of the theropod tooth (B).
Fig. 3 in Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 3. Lateral view of embedded tooth crown showing well-developed blood grooves oriented obliquely toward the base and large, chisel-shaped mesial denticles typical of T. rex (60); (Scale bar: 5 mm.)
FIGURE 4. A in Description of Pericelis flavomarginata sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) and its predatory behavior on a scaleworm
FIGURE 4. A. Freshly dead specimen of Iphione muricata (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) (ICHUM 6123); arrowhead indicates a feeding scar made by P. flavomarginata sp. nov. B. Pericelis flavomarginata sp. nov. (ICHUM 6121, paratype), dorsal view, with an almost empty intestine. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 2 in Description of Pericelis flavomarginata sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) and its predatory behavior on a scaleworm
FIGURE 2. Pericelis flavomarginata sp. nov. Photographs of a living specimen (A–C) and a specimen after being cleared in xylene (D); sketch of eyespot distribution (E). A. ICHUM 6116 (holotype), entire animal, dorsal view. B. ICHUM 6116 (holotype), entire animal, ventral view. C. ICHUM 6122 (paratype), magnification of tentacles. D. ICHUM 6122 (paratype), magnification of anterior body. E. Cerebral, frontal, marginal, and tentacular eyespots distribution. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eyespots; cg, cement glands; fe, frontal eyespots; me, marginal eyespots; ph, pharynx; t, marginal tentacles; te, tentacular eyespots. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C–E, 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Description of Pericelis flavomarginata sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) and its predatory behavior on a scaleworm
FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences (967 bp) of the 28S rDNA. Numbers near nodes are the posterior probability and bootstrap values, respectively.
Data from: Anatomy of a cline: dissecting anti-predatory adaptations in a marine gastropod along the U.S. Atlantic coast
The scope of anti-predatory adaptation is expected to be greater in warm than in cold environments. High temperatures lower the costs associated with the production and maintenance of energetically expensive traits and enable ecological interactions to intensify. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the expression of anti-predatory morphology within a marine gastropod species (the knobbed whelk, Busycon carica) over a large (>1,400 km) geographic area that spans more than 10°C annual temperature variation. We also conducted experimental predation studies with a powerful durophagous predator, the stone crab (Menippe), to verify the anti-predatory advantages of a heavily ornamented shell morphology (e.g., increased thickness, pronounced spines), and we used repair scar data to assess clinal variation in selective pressure from predators. We predicted that repair scar rates would be greatest in warm southernmost latitudes, and that expression of energetically costly anti-predatory morphology would peak in concert with elevated predation pressures. Experiments confirmed that whelks with energetically costly, heavily ornamented shells had higher survivorship rates than those with weakly ornamented shells. As predicted, we also found that the expression of anti-predatory traits was greatest in the southern part of B. carica's range. After standardizing shells for size, shape, and exposure time to enemies, repair scar rates also peaked to the south. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of anti-predatory traits along the geographic cline is governed by the interaction of two selective factors: temperature and predation, with the former acting as the ultimate control on the scope of adaptation both by escalating predation pressure in the southern part of B. carica's range and by physically limiting (to the north) and facilitating (to the south) the production of anti-predatory traits. Feedbacks between temperature and predation thus causally interact to enable and drive, respectively, the observed geographic cline in energy-intensive anti-predatory shell traits.
Data from: Can differential nutrient extraction explain property variations in a predatory trap?
Predators exhibit flexible foraging to facilitate taking prey that offer important nutrients. Because trap-building predators have limited control over the prey they encounter, differential nutrient extraction and trap architectural flexibility may be used as a means of prey selection. Here, we tested whether differential nutrient extraction induces flexibility in architecture and stickiness of a spider's web by feeding Nephila pilipes live crickets (CC), live flies (FF), dead crickets with the web stimulated by flies (CD) or dead flies with the web stimulated by crickets (FD). Spiders in the CD group consumed less protein per mass of lipid or carbohydrate, and spiders in the FF group consumed less carbohydrates per mass of protein. Spiders from the CD group built stickier webs that used less silk, whereas spiders in the FF group built webs with more radii, greater catching areas and more silk, compared with other treatments. Our results suggest that differential nutrient extraction is a likely explanation for prey-induced spider web architecture and stickiness variations.
Data from: Opsin transcripts of predatory diving beetles: a comparison of surface and subterranean photic niches
The regressive evolution of eyes has long intrigued biologists yet the genetic underpinnings remain opaque. A system of discrete aquifers in arid Australia provides a powerful comparative means to explore trait regression at the genomic level. Multiple surface ancestors from two tribes of diving beetles (Dytiscidae) repeatedly invaded these calcrete aquifers and convergently evolved eye-less phenotypes. We use this system to assess transcription of opsin photoreceptor genes among the transcriptomes of two surface and three subterranean dytiscid species and test whether these genes have evolved under neutral predictions. Transcripts for UV,long-wavelength and ciliary-type opsins were identified from the surface beetle transcriptomes. Two subterranean beetles showed parallel loss of all opsin transcription, as expected under 'neutral' regressive evolution. The third species Limbodessus palmulaoides retained transcription of a long-wavelength opsin (lwop) orthologue, albeit in an aphotic environment. Tests of selection on lwopindicated no significant differences between transcripts derived from surface and subterranean habitats, with strong evidence for purifying selection acting on L. palmulaoides lwop. Retention of sequence integrity and the lack of evidence for neutral evolution raise the question of whether we have identified a novel pleiotropic role for lwop, or an incipient phase of pseudogene development.
Data from: Latitudinal and seasonal variation in space use by a large, predatory reef fish, Plectropomus leopardus
1. Temperature directly affects the metabolic rate and resource requirements of ectothermic animals, which is likely to influence their movement and habitat use. Space use is a fundamental component of an animal's ecology and the extent of an animal's home range has consequences for individual distributions, community structure and ecosystem function. As ocean temperatures continue to rise as a result of global warming, determining the effects of temperature on space use and movement patterns of important fisheries species is vital. 2. Our aim was to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in space use by a tropical fisheries species, the leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus) from two latitudinally distinct locations on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to determine the potential response of large-bodied tropical fishes to ocean warming through behavioural modification. 3. Using passive acoustic telemetry of 36 tagged individuals, we found that both core use areas (50%KUD) and home range extent (95%KUD) varied with respect to location, season, body size, and temperature. Average home range extent (95%KUD) for tagged P. leopardus was 0.32km2 at the high-latitude location (Heron Island) compared to 0.23km2 at the low-latitude location (Opal Reef). However, core use areas (50%KUD) did not differ significantly between the two locations. 4. Seasonal differences were also apparent at both locations with P. leopardus showing contraction in home range extent during the summertime. This effect was most pronounced at the low-latitude location where home range was significantly reduced during summer when temperatures exceeded 27°C. 5. Taken together our findings indicate that higher ambient temperature may elicit a sustained and significant decline in space use by a commercially important reef fish. Given projected increases in ocean temperature due to global climate change, large-bodied reef fishes may be increasingly constrained in their movement and space use, which will have ramifications for individual fitness, population viability, fisheries productivity and ecological function.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.