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9,786 results for “selection”
Figures 7–12. Tachypompilus ferrugineus, 7 in Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 7–12. Tachypompilus ferrugineus, 7) Female with immobilized Rabidosa rabida (Lycosidae), adult female, Meadowlands Nature Area, Bergen County, NJ. Photograph © Natalie Gregorio. 8) Female with immobilized Dolomedes albineus (light morph) (Pisauridae), adult female, Wolfskin District, Oglethorpe County, GA. Photograph © Wayne Hughes. 9) Female with immobilized Dolomedes albineus (dark morph) (Pisauridae), adult or subadult female, Azle, Tarrant County, TX. Photograph © Tracey Fandre. 10) Female with immobilized Agelenopsis?naevia (Agelenidae), adult female, Mansfield, Tarrant County, TX. Photograph © Don McMillan. 11) Female with immobilized Cupiennius coccineus (Trechaleidae), adult female, Rancho Naturalista, Cartago Province, Costa Rica. Photograph © Debbie Hall. 12) Female with immobilized Phoneutria boliviensis (Ctenidae), adult female, Playa Paunch near Bluff Beach, Isla Colón, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. Photograph © Ray Hamilton.
Figures 1–6. Entypus unifasciatus. 1 in Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 1–6. Entypus unifasciatus. 1) Entypus unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say), female, with immobilized Hogna sp., subadult female (Lycosidae), Clark County, IN. Photograph © David Brown. 2) Entypus unifasciatus unifasciatus, female, with immobilized Dolomedes albineus (Pisauridae) (light morph), adult female, Acadiana Park Nature Station, Lafayette, Lafayette Parish, LA. Photograph © James Beck. 3) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni (Townes), female, with immobilized Olios giganteus (Sparassidae), adult female, Gilbert Riparian Reserve, Maricopa County, AZ. Photograph © Kelly Gibson. 4) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni, female, with immobilized Tigrosa sp. (Lycosidae), adult or subadult female, Santa Elena Canyon, Chihuahua State, Mexico. Photograph © Aaron Balam. 5) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni, female, with immobilized?Ctenus sp. (Ctenidae), adult female, Amozoc, Puebla State, Mexico. Photograph © Luis Fuentes. 6) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni, female, with immobilized Cupiennius salei (Trechaleidae), adult or subadult female, Zihuateutla, Bosque Mesófilo Xecotepec, Puebla State, Mexico. Photograph © A. D. Hernández-Saint Martin.
A study on article selection behavior - Survey
<p>This survey helped to evaluate the behavior of economists in academia during the article selection process using different scholarly evaluation metrics. Within this survey, we presented both bibliometric and altmetric indicators attached to four journal articles of which the participants were encouraged to make a decision which article they want to read first. This study, however, was focused more on finding out the usefulness of altmetric information when selecting an article for reading rather than the bibliometric indicators in general.</p> <p>The questionnaire is created on the LimeSurvey. It was disseminated to roughly 15,000 economists worldwide, contacted via email addresses found within the mailing list. The distribution of the survey started on November 11, 2019, and was online for three and a half weeks until November 29, 2019. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
BIDS wildtype data selection from "Dysfunctional Autism Risk Genes Cause Circuit-Specific Connectivity Deficits With Distinct Developmental Trajectories"
<p>Data package selecting wildtype animals from the “Dysfunctional Autism Risk Genes Cause Circuit-Specific Connectivity Deficits With Distinct Developmental Trajectories” article, formatted corresponding to the Brain Imaging Data Structure. The relevant publication can be found via DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy046">10.1093/cercor/bhy046</a> .</p>
Figure 2 in Reptiles as principal prey? Adaptations for durophagy and prey selection by jaguar (Panthera onca)
Figure 2. Percentage of Jaguar (Panthera onca) diet composed by peccaries or armadillos compared with cougars (Puma concolor). Jaguar prey more extensively over armoured and dangerous prey. Data were pooled from reviewed literature where faeces of cougars and jaguars were collected at the same site. Bars represents means while whiskers represent standard errors for each prey group.
Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees
<p>Data and results of the paper "Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees".</p> <p>- data_table_species.csv: contains life-history and geographical range descriptors, terminal branch length and genomic estimated values for each substitution category, for each species in the dataset. Contains results obtained with both the complete data set and the subsampled dataset with 88 species.</p> <p>- data_table_genes.csv: contains values of substitution count that are sums of the values obtained for every species in the alignment. Also contains the results of HyPhy RELAX analyses for each alignment.</p> <p>- data_table_genes_species.csv: contains estimated values for each substitution category for each species in each alignment. Contains results obtained with both the complete data set and the subsampled dataset with 88 species.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 5 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 5: Determination of the grade of aggregation (k) according to two independent methods (see text) and illustration of the relationship between k and xm: (a) greenflies (first method), (b) sap beetles (first method), (c) greenflies (second method), (d) sap beetles (second method).
Fig. 4 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 4: Mean values and standard deviations of the x/s2 ratios for a more detailed differentiation of m the animal distribution patterns. According to the results greenflies and sap beetles colonizing the upper parts of the nettle are distinguished by aggregated distribution patterns, whilst sap beetles residing on the lower parts of the nettle are characterized by a more regular distribution. Mealybugs tend to develop random distribution patterns.
Figure 1 in Home range and foraging habitat selection by breeding lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in Greece
Figure 1. Minimum convex polygon home ranges (outer: 100%, interior: 95% of locations) of male (A) and female (B) lesser kestrels during the breeding season in central Greece, 2008.
Figure 2 in Comparison of the species composition of Gamasina mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata) in selected caves of the Kraków-Cz stochowa Upland (southern Poland) and their immediate surroundings
Figure 2. Diagram of the correspondence analysis (CA) for the sampling sites. The diagram shows only the most important species (for abbreviations see Table 1).
WorldCOM Deliverable 1: Prevalence of ESBL subtypes in bacterial pathogens and a sequence database of selected alleles
<p><strong>OHEJP Project: WorldCOM, Deliverable 1, Work Package 1.</strong></p> <p>This dataset is connected to Work Package 1, Task1 of the WorldCOM consortium grant within the One Health EJP group. The aim was to analyse publicly available sequences for antimicrobial resistance genes associated with <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>Campylobacter</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. For the initial phase of this work package, we have focused on ESBL-related AMR genes. As these genes are absent from <em>Campylobacter</em>, we have not included this bacterium in these analyses, and have used the important pathogens <em>Klebsiella</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em>. All types and subtypes of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes have been analysed for frequency among reported and extracted sequences. High frequency resistant genes subtypes have been highlighted for further sequence analysis to illustrate geographic distribution and geographic-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The data shown are work in progress. </p>
Supporting data and code for "Brown AW, Bohan Brown MM, Onken KL, Beitz DC. Short-term consumption of sucralose, a nonnutritive sweetener, is similar to water with regard to select markers of hunger signaling and short-term glucose homeostasis in women. Nutr Res. 2011 Dec;31(12):882-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.10.004. PMID: 22153513."
<p>Data and code to support the publication, Brown AW, Bohan Brown MM, Onken KL, Beitz DC. Short-term consumption of sucralose, a nonnutritive sweetener, is similar to water with regard to select markers of hunger signaling and short-term glucose homeostasis in women. Nutr Res. 2011 Dec;31(12):882-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.10.004. PMID: 22153513.</p> <ul> <li>Code was updated 2020 NOV 24 to add comments, but otherwise remains unchanged from 2011.</li> <li>Data file was updated to include a data dictionary, but otherwise remains unchanged from 2011.</li> </ul> <p>Treatment identifiers for the four-arm crossover are clarified in the SAS code.</p> <p>Other details are available in the published article.</p>
The features of the selected papers in the field of air quality prediction
<p>The table is a part of a submitted manuscript (Iskandaryan, D., Ramos, F., & Trilles, S. The Role of Datasets in Air Quality Prediction. Submitted to Atmosphere.) and includes the following features extracted from the selected papers: <em>Year, Case Study, Prediction Target, Dataset Type, Data Rate, Period (Days), Open Data, Algorithm, Time Granularity and Evaluation Metric</em>. The relevant papers were selected from a systematic review in <em>Air Quality Prediction Using Machine Learning Technologies. </em>The works were queried in Association for Computing Machinery, IEEE Xplore, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following query: ("machine learning") AND ("prediction"OR "forecast") AND ("air quality" OR "air pollution"), which was being applied to title, abstract and keywords. After filtering the results guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, ninety-three papers were selected. The goal of this review is to understand which features are used in the field, in particular to answer the following questions: 1) What types of datasets are used to improve air quality predictions?; and 2) What characteristics of the dataset are important for efficient and effective air quality forecasting? <br> Twenty-six datasets were used by the authors as supplemental air quality data in order to predict air quality more accurately. Those datasets are: "MET"- meteorological data; "Spatial"- topographical characteristics, the locations of the stations; "Temporal"-includes the day of the month, day of the week, the hour of the day; "AOD"- aerosol optical depth; "Social Media"- microblog data; "Traffic"; "PBL Height"- planetary boundary layer height; "Land Use"; "BEV"- Built Environment Variables; "UV Index"; "SP"- Sound Pressure; "PD"-Population Density; "Human Movements"- floating population and estimated traffic volume; "Altitude"; "OMI-SO2"-Satellite-retrieved SO2 from Ozone Monitoring Instrument-SO2; "PPS"- Pollution Point Source; "TS"-Transportation Source; "WFD’"- weather forecast data; "POI Distribution"; "FAPE"- factory air pollution emission; "RND"- Road Network Distribution; "Elevation"; "AEI"- Anthropogenic Emission Inventory; "NDVI"; "Chemical"- chemical component forecast data (organic carbon, black carbon, sea salt, etc.); "Emission".</p>
Code and data for: Is habitat selection in the wild shaped by individual-level cognitive biases in orientation strategy?
<p>This repository is a companion to the manuscript "<em>Is habitat selection in the wild shaped by individual-level cognitive biases in orientation strategy?</em>" and is linked to <a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/Pheasant_OrientStrat_Habitat">Github</a>.</p> <p>For any questions about the code please contact Christine at <a href="mailto:c.e.beardsworth@gmail.com">c.e.beardsworth@gmail.com</a></p> <p>To use any data contained in this repository contact Joah at <a href="mailto:j.r.madden@exeter.ac.uk">j.r.madden@exeter.ac.uk</a> for permission.</p> <p>In this repository, we have included a run-through of the R analysis <a href="https://cbeardsworth.github.io/Pheasant_OrientStrat_Habitat/">here</a> to show the outputs of the analysis without the need to run the code. For those that might want to run the code themselves, we have included three R scripts (<a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/R">/R</a>) and their accompanying datasets (<a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/Data">/Data</a>). A description of the code and the data needed to run them is below:</p> <p><em>Cognition analysis and figs.R</em> = Run the cognition analysis for the first section of the manuscript and create the figures. For this, the datasets mazeData.csv (the learning trials) and mazeRotationResults.csv (the probe trial) are required. </p> <p><em>iSSA analysis and bootstrapping.R</em> = Run iSSA models and bootstrapping. This produces the datasets required for the next stage of analysis. For this code, the datasets habitat.grd (habitat information), atlas2018-strategy.csv (atlas data + id and strategy data for each bird) and FeederCoords2017_27700.csv (coordinates of feeder locations from 2017-2018) are required. The produced datasets are included in <a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/Data">/Data</a> therefore to run subsequent analyses, this code does not need to be run. To develop this code we relied heavily on the code included in the supplementary material of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4823">Signer et al. (2019)</a> as well as an <a href="https://bsmity13.github.io/log_rss">online tutorial</a> from Brian J. Smith for calculating log-RSS.</p> <p><em>Habitat analysis and Figs.R</em> = Run the statistical models for the final section of the manuscript and create the figures. For this code, the datasets produced in the previous R script are required (habitatOrientation_coefs.csv and habitatOrientation_avail.csv). We have included <a href="https://github.com/CBeardsworth/NavigationHabitat/blob/master/Data">these datasets</a> so users do not need to run the iSSA analysis and bootstrapping.R script themselves. </p>
Data From: Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle
<p>GEMMA output containing summary statistics for generation proxy selection mapping (GPSM) and environmental GWAS (envGWAS) selection analyses from <br> Rowan et al. "Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle" 2021<br> https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.988121 </p> <p>File names identify the analysis run, for example<br> "Gelbvieh_envgwas_desert_summary_stats.txt.gz"<br> Is the Gelbvieh dataset analyzed using the Desert ecoregion as the dependent variable <br> in a univariate envGWAS model. </p> <p>Files are formated according to GEMMA output.</p>
Selection for male weapons boosts female fecundity, eliminating sexual conflict in the bulb mite
<p>Extreme differences between the sexes are usually explained by intense sexual selection on male weapons or ornaments. Sexually antagonistic genes, with a positive effect on male traits but a negative effect on female fitness, create a negative inter-sexual correlation for fitness (sexual conflict). However, such antagonism might not be apparent if sexually selected male traits are condition-dependent, and condition elevates female fitness. Here we reveal a surprising positive genetic correlation between male weaponry and female fecundity. Using mite lines that had previously been through 13 generations of selection on male weapons (fighting legs), we investigated correlated evolution in female fecundity. Females from lines under positive selection for weapons (up lines) evolved higher fecundity, despite evolving costly, thicker legs. This is likely because male mites have condition-dependent weaponry that increases our ability to indirectly select on male condition. Alleles with positive effects on condition in both sexes could have generated this correlation because: the up lines evolved a higher proportion of fighters and there were positive correlations between weapon size and the male morph and sex ratios of the offspring. This positive inter-sexual genetic correlation should boost the evolution of male weapons and extreme sex differences.</p>
Data from: Natural selection and repeated patterns of molecular evolution following allopatric divergence
Background: Geographic speciation is a major force in generating biodiversity. However, how genomes diverge over time after geographic isolation has halted gene flow has remained unclear. We examine genome-wide divergence of putatively single-copy orthologous genes (POGs) from transcriptomes in 20 allopatric species/variety pairs from diverse angiosperm clades. Sixteen of these pairs reflect the well-known eastern Asia – eastern North America floristic disjunction; these species have been isolated for different lengths of time, from the Miocene to Pleistocene. Results: Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed that >90% of the genes examined are under purifying selection and <10% are under positive selection, and this pattern was observed for all taxon pairs, despite differences in divergence time. The divergence level at synonymous sites shared by most POGs in each taxon pair predicts the divergence time between the species/varieties. Divergence time estimates were positively correlated with abundance of genes under moderate purifying selection, but negatively correlated with abundance of genes under strong purifying selection. We identified 200 genes under strong positive selection across the species pairs, with 14 shared by 10-15 pairs and one shared by all taxon pairs. An additional 15 loci annotated to biological processes responding to various stimuli were present in 1-3 pairs.Conclusions: Our results suggest a common "most genes conserved–few genes adaptive" genomic architecture for the taxon pairs, which may be a key for maintaining a balance between the ability to conserve ancestral functions and the ability to evolve new features beneficial for new adaptations. As geographic isolation proceeds through time, the evolutionary trajectory of some genes changed from strong purifying selection to more relaxed selection. The allopatric divergence of these taxon pairs involved both neutral and adaptive evolution of functional genes.
Data from: Habitat selection in transformed landscapes and the role of forest remnants and shade coffee in the conservation of resident birds
1. Biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes is becoming increasingly important. However, most assessments of the value of modified habitats rely heavily on species presence and/or abundance, masking ecological processes such as habitat selection and phenomena like ecological traps, which may render species persistence uncertain. High species richness has been documented in tropical agroforestry systems but comparisons with native habitat remnants generally lack detailed information on species demography and habitat use. 2. We generated a multi-species, multi-measure framework to evaluate the role of habitat selection in the adaptation of species to transformed landscapes, and demonstrate that its use could affect how we value the contribution different land uses make to biodiversity conservation. 3. We analyzed seven years of capture-mark-recapture and observation data for twelve species of resident birds present in native forest remnants and shade coffee plantations in a mega-diverse region. We assessed whether species behaved adaptively by evaluating the correlation between measures of habitat preference (occurrence, abundance, fidelity, inter-seasonal variance and age) and performance (body condition, muscle, primary molt, breeding and juveniles) in forest and coffee, and generated hypotheses about their role in species persistence. 4. We documented adaptive habitat selection for seven species, non-ideal selection for four, and maladaptive selection for one. While many species showed equal-preference and/or equal performance in many traits, in general we found more evidence for birds preferring and/or performing better in forest than coffee, although relationships between our indicators and population adaptation need to be studied further before our proposed framework can be applied to more species and landscapes. 5. While shade coffee can act as a biodiversity-friendly matrix providing complementary or supplementary habitat to a wide range of resident bird species, protecting remnants of native vegetation is still of paramount importance for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. 28-Aug-2019
Data from: Natural selection on antihelminth antibodies in a wild mammal population
<p>An effective immune response is expected to confer fitness benefits through improved resistance to parasites but also energetic costs which negatively impact fitness-related traits such as reproduction. These fitness costs and benefits of an immune response are likely to depend on host age, sex, and levels of parasite exposure. Few studies have examined the full extent to which patterns of natural selection on immune phenotypes vary across demographic groups and environments in the wild. Here, we assessed natural selection on plasma levels of three functionally distinct isotypes (IgA, IgE and IgG) of antibodies against a prevalent nematode parasite measured in a wild Soay sheep population over 25 years. We found little support for environment-dependent selection or reproductive costs. However, antibody levels were negatively associated with parasite egg counts and positively associated with subsequent survival, albeit in a highly age- and isotype-dependent manner. Raised levels of anti-parasite IgA best predicted reduced egg counts but this did not predict survival in lambs, whilst in adult females increased anti-parasite IgG predicted reduced egg counts and improved survival. Our results highlight the potential importance of age-dependent selection on immune phenotypes in nature, and that patterns of selection can vary even amongst functionally-related immune markers.</p>
Are offspring begging levels exaggerated beyond the parental optimum? Evidence from a bidirectional selection experiment
Parental care involves elaborate behavioural interactions between parents and their offspring, with offspring stimulating their parents via begging to provision resources. Thus, begging has direct fitness benefits as it enhances offspring growth and survival. It is nevertheless subject to a complex evolutionary trajectory, because begging may serve as a means for the offspring to manipulate parents in the context of evolutionary conflicts of interest. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that begging is coadapted and potentially genetically correlated with parental care traits as a result of social selection. Further experiments on the causal processes that shape the evolution of begging are therefore essential. We applied bidirectional artificial selection on begging behaviour, using canaries (Serinus canaria) as a model species. We measured the response to selection, the consequences for offspring development, changes in parental care traits, here the rate of parental provisioning, as well as the effects on reproductive success. After three generations of selection, offspring differed in begging behaviour according to our artificial selection regime: nestlings of the high begging line begged significantly more than nestlings of the low begging line. Intriguingly, begging less benefitted the nestlings, as reflected by on average significantly higher growth rates, and increased reproductive success in terms of a higher number of fledglings in the low selected line. Begging could thus represent an exaggerated trait, possibly because parent-offspring conflict enhanced the selection on begging. We did not find evidence that we co-selected on parental provisioning, which may be due to the lack of power, but may also suggest that the evolution of begging is probably not constrained by a genetic correlation between parental provisioning and offspring begging.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.