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Fig. 11 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 11.—Holotype of Batomys cagayanensis n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J3-7554), right dentary: (A) labial view of mandible (mirrored); (B) lingual view of mandible.

Fig. 8 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 8.—Holotype of Crateromys ballik n. sp. (PNM II-1977-I8-402), right dentary: (A) labial view of mandible (mirrored); (B) lingual view of mandible.

Fig. 3 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 3.—Holotype of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-16301), left dentary: (A) labial view of mandible; (B) lingual view of mandible (mirrored).

Fig. 2 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 2.—Maxillary and mandibular left molar toothrows of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (A and B, respectively; PNM II-1977-J11A-15997 and PNM II-1976-M-101) and Crateromys schadenbergi (C and D, respectively; FMNH 62295), showing the location of cusps and conids referred to in the text. pc = posterior cingulum.

Fig. 7 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 7.—Lateral lingual (A) and labial (B) view of the partial left maxillary of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-15997) with M1 to M3, showing the posterior palatine foramen (ppf) and base of the zygomatic arch (za).

Fig. 6 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 6.—Bivariate plots of Carpomys and Musseromys dental and mandibular measurements (in mm). Data are in Table 2.

Fig. 4 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 4.—Occlusal view of maxillary molars of (A) Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-15997), left side; (B) Carpomys phaeurus (FMNH 62291), leftside; (C) Musseromysinopinatus (FMNH 193840), left side; (D) Crateromys ballik n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J3-10389), right side (mirrored); (E) Crateromys schadenbergi (FMNH 62291), right side (mirrored); (F) Crateromys heaneyi (CMC M626), left side; (G) Batomys granti (FMNH 214412), left side.

Fig. 9 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)

Fig. 9.—Bivariate plots of Crateromys and Batomys dental and mandibular measurements (in mm). Data are in Table 3.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Distribution. Sulawesi and adjacent Is (Buton, Kabaena, Muna, Peleng, Lembeh, and on some of the Togian Is); thought to be extinct on Selayar I. Pigs have been widely domesticated through the Indonesian archipelago and beyond. This primarily involved the Eurasian Wild Pig (S. scrofa), but also S. celebensis, the only other species of pig successfully domesticated. Mitochondrial DNA studies of the dispersion of these domesticated forms agree on three major dispersal events, two involving S. scrofa and one S. celebensis. Evidence supports an early human-mediated translocation of S. celebensis to Flores and Timor and two later, separate human-mediated dispersals of domestic pig through islands of SE Asia into Oceania. In addition to Flores and Timor, S. celebensis is also thought to occur in its domesticated form on Halmahera, Lendu, Roti, and Savur Is, and even on Simeulue and Nias Is to the W of Sumatra and far from its island of origin, Sulawesi. In the Moluccas, and possibly elsewhere in this region, introduced S. celebensis are thought to have hybridized with other introduced pigs of S. scrofa derivation, and apparent hybrids between these species are now reported to survive on a number of islands, including Salawatti, Great Kei, Dobu, Seram, Ambon, Bacan, Ternate, Morotai, and New Guinea. It is also reported that in the 19" century the sows of domestic pigs in Sulawesi frequently mated with wild animals, after which they returned to their villages. in Suidae

Distribution. Sulawesi and adjacent Is (Buton, Kabaena, Muna, Peleng, Lembeh, and on some of the Togian Is); thought to be extinct on Selayar I. Pigs have been widely domesticated through the Indonesian archipelago and beyond. This primarily involved the Eurasian Wild Pig (S. scrofa), but also S. celebensis, the only other species of pig successfully domesticated. Mitochondrial DNA studies of the dispersion of these domesticated forms agree on three major dispersal events, two involving S. scrofa and one S. celebensis. Evidence supports an early human-mediated translocation of S. celebensis to Flores and Timor and two later, separate human-mediated dispersals of domestic pig through islands of SE Asia into Oceania. In addition to Flores and Timor, S. celebensis is also thought to occur in its domesticated form on Halmahera, Lendu, Roti, and Savur Is, and even on Simeulue and Nias Is to the W of Sumatra and far from its island of origin, Sulawesi. In the Moluccas, and possibly elsewhere in this region, introduced S. celebensis are thought to have hybridized with other introduced pigs of S. scrofa derivation, and apparent hybrids between these species are now reported to survive on a number of islands, including Salawatti, Great Kei, Dobu, Seram, Ambon, Bacan, Ternate, Morotai, and New Guinea. It is also reported that in the 19" century the sows of domestic pigs in Sulawesi frequently mated with wild animals, after which they returned to their villages.

Figure 10 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 10. Maxillary and mandibular tooth rows and cranial elements of Pennatomys nivalis gen. et sp. nov. A–C, maxillary tooth rows. A, FLMNH-EAP 05270001 (St. Eustatius). B, NHM M 82456 (Nevis) (reversed for comparison). C, FLMNH-EAP 05270002 (St. Eustatius). D–G, mandibular tooth rows. D, NHM M 82452 (holotype: Nevis). E, NHM M 82460 (Nevis). F, FLMNH-EAP 05270003 (St. Eustatius) (reversed for comparison). G, FLMNH-EAP 05270004 (St. Eustatius) (reversed for comparison). H–I, maxilla, FLMNH-EAP 05270002 (St. Eustatius). J, mandible, labial view, FLMNH-EAP 05270003 (St. Eustatius). K, paired frontals, FLMNH-EAP 05270005 (St. Eustatius). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 11 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 11. Phylogenetic relationships of West Indian oryzomyines. Consensus cladogram of four most-parsimonious trees (tree length, L = 1245; consistency index, CI = 0.37; retention index, RI = 0.64) of combined molecular (Irbp) and morphological characters. Jackknife (> 50%) and Bremer (> 1) nodal support indices are shown above and below branches, respectively. Clades A, B, C, and D are the same as those recovered by Weksler (2006). Out-groups include Peromyscus maniculatus (Neotominae), Nyctomys sumichrasti (Tylomyinae), and Delomys sublineatus, Thomasomys baeops, and Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos (Sigmodontinae). Oryzomyine generic taxonomy follows that of Weksler et al. (2006).

Figure 8 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 8. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of Oligoryzomys victus skin (NHM 97.12.26.1). Scale bar: 2 cm.

Figure 5 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 5. Cranium and mandible of Megalomys. Left to right: Megalomys desmarestii (NHM 50.11.30.6) and Megalomys luciae (NHM 53.12.16.2). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 7 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 7. Mandibular molars of West Indian rice rats. A, Megalomys desmarestii (NHM 55.12.24.201). B, Megalomys audreyae (NHM M7406a) (reversed for comparison). C, Oligoryzomys victus (NHM 97.12.26.1). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 2. Martinique giant rice rat ('Le rat pilori, Mus pilorides'), possibly drawn from life, from Gervais (1854: 411).

Figure 6 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 6. Maxillary molars of West Indian rice rats. A, Megalomys desmarestii (NHM 55.12.24.201). B, Megalomys luciae (NHM 53.12.16.2). C, Oligoryzomys victus (NHM 97.12.26.1). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 1 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 1. Map of the Windward and Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, showing the distribution of extinct rice rats in Holocene archaeological sites (black stars) and Late Quaternary palaeontological sites (open circles), and islands from which rice rat species have been formally described. The modern-day sea level and 200 m isobath are both indicated, to show locations of shallow submarine banks that would have been exposed above water during Late Quaternary low sea-level stands, and which may have shared conspecific rice rat populations. Data from Pregill et al. (1994), Crock (2000), Newsom & Wing (2004), and LeFebvre (2007).

Figure 3 in Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Lesser Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species

Figure 3. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of Megalomys skins. Top, Megalomys desmarestii (NHM 55.12.24.201); bottom, Megalomys luciae (NHM 53.12.16.2). Scale bar: 5 cm.

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FIGURE 1. Alongatepyris, females. A, B, A. platunissimus. A in Synopsis of the rare genus Alongatepyris (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of the first extinct species from Dominican amber

FIGURE 1. Alongatepyris, females. A, B, A. platunissimus. A, Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. B, Part of forewing, dorsal view. C, D, A. ingens. C, Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. D, Part of forewing, dorsal view. Scale bars = 250 µm.