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1,084 results for “substrate”
Data from: Environmental DNA metabarcoding studies are critically affected by substrate selection
Effective biomonitoring is critical for driving management outcomes that ensure long-term sustainability of the marine environment. In recent years environmental DNA (eDNA), coupled with metabarcoding methodologies, has emerged as a promising tool for generating biotic surveys of marine ecosystems, including those under anthropogenic pressure. However, more empirical data is needed on how to best implement eDNA field sampling approaches to maximise their utility for each specific application. The effect of the substrate chosen for eDNA sampling on the diversity of marine taxa detected by DNA metabarcoding has not yet been systematically analysed, despite aquatic systems being those most commonly targeted for eDNA studies. We investigated the effect of four commonly used eDNA substrates to explore taxonomic diversity: (i) surface water, (ii) marine sediment, (iii) settlement-plates and (iv) planktonic tows. With a focus on coastal ports, 332 eDNA samples from Australia (Indian and Southern oceans) and Kazakhstan (Caspian Sea) were collected and analysed by multi-assay DNA metabarcoding. Across study locations, between 30-52% of eukaryotic families detected were unique to a particular substrate and less than 6% of families were found in all four substrates. Taxonomic composition varied significantly depending on the substrate sampled implying that the suitability (and bias) of an eDNA substrate will depend on the focal taxa. These findings demonstrate that single substrate eDNA metabarcoding likely underestimates the total eukaryotic diversity. Future eDNA experimental design should consider incorporating multiple substrates or select substrate(s) best suited to the specific detection of target taxa.
Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Pure culture samples, under various growth substrates
<p>Carbon stable isotope data for proteins extracted from a variety of pure culture samples.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from maerl substrates of the Irish west coast
FIGURE 6. Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov., female (holotype): A, P2; male (paratype): B, P3; C, P4; female (holotype): D, maxilliped.
FIGURE 5 in Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from maerl substrates of the Irish west coast
FIGURE 5. Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov., male (paratype): A, antennule; B–G, antennulary segments 3–8; H, P5 and P6.
FIGURE 4 in Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from maerl substrates of the Irish west coast
FIGURE 4. Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov., male (paratype): A, habitus, lateral; B, habitus, dorsal; C, caudal setae IV and V.
FIGURE 1 in Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from maerl substrates of the Irish west coast
FIGURE 1. Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal; B, habitus, lateral; C, caudal setae IV and V.
FIGURE 2 in Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from maerl substrates of the Irish west coast
FIGURE 2. Carraroenia ruthae gen. et sp. nov., female (holotype): A, antennule; B, antenna; C, mandible; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, genital field; G, caudal rami.
FIGURE 5 in A new Clathria (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from Peru occurring on rocky substrates as well as epibiontic on Eucidaris thouarsii sea urchins
FIGURE 5. Spicule composition of a red Clathria (Microciona) aculeofila sp. nov. (MNRJ 11449) in SEM. A–C, principal subtylostyles; D–F, details of respectively A–C; G–I, accessory acanthostyles; J, detail of I; K–M auxillary styles and subtylostyles; N–P, details of the base of K–M; Q–R, details of the extremities of L–M; S, toxas; T, isochelae. Scale bars: A–C = 100 ìm; G–I = 20 ìm; J = 5 ìm; K–M = 50 µm; N–R = 10 µm; S = 20 µm; T = 5 µm.
FIGURE 4 in A new Clathria (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from Peru occurring on rocky substrates as well as epibiontic on Eucidaris thouarsii sea urchins
FIGURE 4. Ground section of a spine of the sea urchin Eucidaris thouarsii covered by Clathria (Microciona) aculeofila sp. nov. MNRJ 13317. Scale bar = 200 µm.
FIGURE 6 in A new Clathria (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from Peru occurring on rocky substrates as well as epibiontic on Eucidaris thouarsii sea urchins
FIGURE 6. Spicule composition of a yellow Clathria (Microciona) aculeofila sp. nov. (MNRJ 12982) in SEM. A–C, principal subtylostyles; D–E, details of respectively A–B; F–G, accessory acanthostyles; H, detail of G; I–J auxillary styles and subtylostyles; K–N, details of various auxillary styles and subtylostyles; O, toxas; P, isochelae. Scale bars: A–C = 100 ìm; D– E = 10 ìm; F–G = 20 ìm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–N = 10 µm; O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm.
FIGURE 3 in A new Clathria (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from Peru occurring on rocky substrates as well as epibiontic on Eucidaris thouarsii sea urchins
FIGURE 3. Transversal fracture of a spine of the sea urchin Eucidaris thouarsii (SEM) showing the structure of the skeleton of Clathria (Microciona) aculeofila sp. nov. MNRJ 13317. 1 = basal layer of spongin, 2 = echinated paucispicular fibres.
FIGURE 1 in A new Clathria (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from Peru occurring on rocky substrates as well as epibiontic on Eucidaris thouarsii sea urchins
FIGURE 1. Map of Peru with collection localities of Clathria (Microciona) aculeofila sp. nov. and details of the Punta Sal region. 1 = Cancas; 2 = Punta Sal, Punta Sal Balneario I and Punta Sal Balneario II; 3 = Máncora; 4 = El Ñuro; 5 = Lobos de Afuera Islands.
FIGURE 2 in A new Clathria (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from Peru occurring on rocky substrates as well as epibiontic on Eucidaris thouarsii sea urchins
FIGURE 2. Clathria (Microciona) aculeofila sp. nov. in situ on spines of the sea urchin Eucidaris thouarsii (a, b, c, d) and encrusting rocky substrates (e, f). a, b = CZA 11332, c = CZA 12981, d = CZA 12982, e = CZA 11437, f = CZA 13031. White arrows indicate the sponge; black arrows indicate bare spines or bare tips of the spines. Scale bars: a = 3 cm; b = 2 cm; c = 3 cm; d - f = 2 cm.
FIGURE 5 in Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestia xylino sp. nov. and Cryptorchestia gen. nov.
FIGURE 5. Orchestia xylino sp. nov., holotype, male, 13.1 mm, AM P.89967, all parts except, female, paratype, 10.6 mm, AM P.89969, Gournes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Scale lines for P5–7 represent 1.0 mm, remainder represent 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestia xylino sp. nov. and Cryptorchestia gen. nov.
FIGURE 3. Orchestia xylino sp. nov., holotype, male, 13.1 mm, AM P.89967, Gournes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Scale lines represent 0.1 mm, except MX1OP represents 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestia xylino sp. nov. and Cryptorchestia gen. nov.
FIGURE 1. Sampling sites. From West to East: a) Sand West; b) Banquette, mainly Posidonia; c) Mixed West; d) Sand East; e) Cobble; f) Mixed East. Pictures were taken during the summer season (July 2012) to highlight the human use of the supralittoral on the two sandy beaches and on Mixed East.
FIGURE 2 in Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestia xylino sp. nov. and Cryptorchestia gen. nov.
FIGURE 2. Orchestia xylino sp. nov., holotype, male, 13.1 mm, AM P.89967, habitus, A1, A2, U1–3, paratype, male, 11.4 mm, AMP.89968, UR, T, Gournes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Scale lines represent 0.1 mm, except UR, U1 represent 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestia xylino sp. nov. and Cryptorchestia gen. nov.
FIGURE 4. Orchestia xylino sp. nov., holotype, male, 13.1 mm, AM P.89967, all parts except, paratype, male, 11.4 mm, AM P.89968, *G1, *G2, female, paratype, 10.6 mm, AM P.89969, Gournes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Scale lines represent 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Podocoryna loyola, n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Hydractiniidae): a probably introduced species on artificial substrate from southern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic hypothesis derived from maximum likelihood analysis based on a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial gene (540 bp). The sequence of the species described here is referred to "Podocoryna loyola Brazil." The numbers above and below the branches support values are obtained per 100 bootstrap replicates.
FIGURE 2 in Podocoryna loyola, n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Hydractiniidae): a probably introduced species on artificial substrate from southern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Diagram showing the main morphometric measurements taken of the hydromedusa and some of its most characteristic structures. Dmax: maximum diameter of the umbrella; Hmax: maximum total height of the umbrella; Dmar: diameter of the umbrella margin; Dape: diameter of the opening to the subumbrellar cavity; Hmes: height of the mesoglea in the apical region; Hman: height of the manubrium; Thmes: thickness of the mesoglea near the edge. (modified from Tronolone 2001).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.