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Fig. 1. Cearachelys placidoi, n in Cearachelys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil

Fig. 1. Cearachelys placidoi, n. gen. & sp., Santana Formation, early Cretaceous, Ceará State, Brazil. Restoration of skull based on MPSC specimen and TUTg 1798. Dorsal (left), ventral (right), and lateral (center) views.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2001View details →
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Fig. 2. Cearachelys placidoi, n in Cearachelys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil

Fig. 2. Cearachelys placidoi, n. gen. & sp., MPSC specimen, holotype, Santana Formation, Santana do Cariri, Brazil. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, right lateral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; F, posterior. See fig. 3 for key.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2001View details →
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Fig. 2 in Not only pond sliders: freshwater turtles in the water bodies of the Milan northern urban area (Italy)

Fig. 2 - Distribution maps of the species found in the study area. Circled letters: species records; when the position is approximated, the circle is dashed. P. subrufa records are omitted because the species was recovered far from the wetlands; also T. scripta is not shown, because the species was excluded from the study. Letters indicate the wetlands as in Fig. 1 (modified from https://d-maps.com/ and GeoPortale Regione Lombardia). / Mappa di distribuzione delle specie rinvenute nell'area di studio. Lettera cerchiata: specie presente; quando la posizione è approssimativa, il cerchio è tratteggiato. Il dato per P. subrufa è omesso in quanto la specie è stata rinvenuta lontano dalle zone umide; la distribuzione di T. scripta non è indicata poiché la specie non è oggetto del presente studio. Le aree umide sono indicate da lettere secondo la nomenclatura usata in Fig. 1 (modificato da https://d-maps.com/ e GeoPortale Regione Lombardia).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →
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Fig. 1 in Not only pond sliders: freshwater turtles in the water bodies of the Milan northern urban area (Italy)

Fig. 1 - Study area (Lombardy region, Northern Italy). Letters indicate each studied wetland (modified from www.d-maps.com and GeoPortale Regione Lombardia). / Area di studio (Lombardia, Italia Settentrionale). Ogni lettera identifica un'area umida indagata (modificato da https://d-maps.com/ e GeoPortale Regione Lombardia).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →
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Fig. 3 in Haemogregarine infections of three species of aquatic freshwater turtles from two sites in Costa Rica

Fig. 3. (A) Average haemogregarine parasitemias (±SD) between black river turtles, Rhinoclemmys funerea, collected from creek and pond sites. (B) Average haemogregarine parasitemias (±SD) of black river turtles, Rhinoclemmys funerea, and white-lipped mud turtles, Kinosternon leucostomum, were significantly different (p = 0.032).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →
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Fig. 1 in Haemogregarine infections of three species of aquatic freshwater turtles from two sites in Costa Rica

Fig. 1. Satellite image of Selva Verde and surrounding area showing the property of Selva Verde (outlined in yellow) with the creek site marked with narrow arrow and the pond marked with the thick arrow. White bar is 100 m. Inset: map of Costa Rica showing location of Selva Verde (black box) and La Pacifica (black star).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →
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Fig. 2 in Haemogregarine infections of three species of aquatic freshwater turtles from two sites in Costa Rica

Fig. 2. Haemogregarines from black river turtles, Rhinoclemmys funera (A–C) all parasites shown are premeronts except for a meront in B (arrow), white-lipped mud turtle, Kinosternon leucostomum (D–E) premeronts; (F) early meront (arrow), and scorpion mud turtle, K. scorpioides (G–I) all premeronts. Scale bar in panel I is 10 µm and applies to all micrographs.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →
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Fig. 1 in Molecular epidemiology and pathology of spirorchiid infection in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Fig. 1. Lesions associated with spirorchiid blood flukes in Chelonia mydas. a) Mild (score = 1) granulomatous lesions (G) and lymphocytic inflammation within the cerebral meninges of an adult green turtle, centred on a brown-shelled fluke ovum. HE stain, scale bar = 125 Mm b) Moderate (score = 3) granulomatous lesions (G) and lymphocytic inflammation within the cerebral meninges of an adult green turtle, centred on several brown-shelled fluke ova. HE stain, scale bar = 350 Mm c) Severe (score = 5) granulomatous lesions (G) and lymphocytic inflammation within the meninges of a small immature green turtle, centred on multiple numerous fluke ova. HE stain, scale bar = 350 Mm d) Severe (score = 5) granulomatous lesion (G) with necrotic centre protruding into the lumen of the aorta of an adult green turtle, with dense lymphocytic inflammation in surrounding tissues. Numerous adult flukes (Hapalotrema pambanensis) were recovered from the heart and major vessels. HE stain, scale bar = 1.7 mm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2017View details →
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Fig. 1 in Twenty Years of Sea Turtle Strandings in New Caledonia.

Fig. 1. Map of recorded sea turtle strandings per town of New Caledonia between 1999 and 2021. Blue area represents the Loyalty Province, the orange area represents the North Province and the green area represents the South Province.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Fig. 3 in Twenty Years of Sea Turtle Strandings in New Caledonia.

Fig. 3. Recorded sea turtle strandings in New Caledonia a. per species and b. per species and mean Curved Carapace Length (in cm) from 1999 to 2021 with 95% confidence intervals.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Fig. 2 in Twenty Years of Sea Turtle Strandings in New Caledonia.

Fig. 2. Number of recorded sea turtle strandings in New Caledonia (a) per year, and (b) per month (1999 to 2021).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Fig. 2 in Qualitative and quantitative methods for estimating Spirorchiidiasis burden in sea turtles

Fig. 2. Scatter plot with trend line showing the correlation between eggs counts using the two quantitative methods (MH and CH) in the spleen.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →
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Fig. 1 in Qualitative and quantitative methods for estimating Spirorchiidiasis burden in sea turtles

Fig. 1. Eggs of H. mistroides in the McMaster chamber for quantification of splenic egg burden (Scale bar: 200 μm).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →
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Fig. 3 in The oldest platylepadid turtle barnacle (Cirripedia, Coronuloidea): a new species of Platylepas from the Lower Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 3. †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov., holotype (MSNC 4562). a. Interno-alar view. Note the strongly appressed sheath exhibiting distinct transverse grooves (arrows) and the short, triangular, wedge-like, transverse septa on the sutural edge of the alar portion of the compartment. b. Close-up of the outer surface of the compartment. The outer lamina is only locally preserved; where it is eroded, longitudinally elongated septa and canals are visible. The intersection between longitudinal septa and transverse growth ridges is occasionally marked by small knobs.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →
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Fig. 1 in The oldest platylepadid turtle barnacle (Cirripedia, Coronuloidea): a new species of Platylepas from the Lower Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 1. Locality map, showing provenance (white star) of the holotype of the new platylepadid (MSNC 4562) described herein. All images from Google Earth.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →
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Fig. 2 in The oldest platylepadid turtle barnacle (Cirripedia, Coronuloidea): a new species of Platylepas from the Lower Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 2. †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov., holotype, single right carinolateral compartment (CL1 or CL2) collected at Cala S. Antonino (Cape Milazzo, Sicily, southern Italy) from Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) deposits (MSNC 4562). a. Outer view. b. Inner view. c. Alar view. d. Radial view. e. Apical view. f. Basal view.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →
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Turtle Shell Rattle Use by Indigenous Peoples of the Contiguous United States: Ethnographic Documentation

<p>**When using this data and information, please cite all of the following:</p> <blockquote> <p>Gillreath-Brown, Andrew. 2019. Creation to Rhythm: An Ethnographic and Archaeological Survey of Turtle Shell Rattles and Spirituality in the United States. Journal of Ethnobiology 39(3):425&ndash;444.&nbsp;<a href="http://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-39.3.425">http://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-39.3.425</a></p> <p>Gillreath-Brown, Andrew. 2019*. Turtle Shell Rattle Use by Indigenous Peoples of the Contiguous United States: Ethnographic Documentation. Version 1. Zenodo. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545989">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545989</a>.&nbsp;Date of use: day month year.**</p> <p>*Please update year and DOI if you cite a newer version. The DOI changes with each version in Zenodo, or you can use the DOI to cite all versions.</p> <p>**<em>Example:</em>&nbsp;Date of use: 17 April 2019.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this work is to summarize information from published and unpublished ethnographies that document how Indigenous Peoples of the contiguous United States used&mdash;and, in some cases, continue to use&mdash;turtle shell rattles. The data contained herein have been used to suggest and support interpretations of turtle shell rattle remains recovered from the archaeological record across the United States.</p> <p>This compendium draws on an extensive database compiled and maintained by the author. The compendium lists the relevant ethnographic references; it gives the state and region of the United States and the Indigenous group that use(d) turtle shell rattles; it identifies the turtle shell rattle type and the various chelonian taxa by both their scientific and common names; and it describes the documented uses for turtle shell rattles for specific ethnic groups. I intend this compendium to serve as a summary of, and a guide to, the extensive ethnographic literature, which I encourage the reader to consult for additional, more-detailed information, as well as to understand the unique context.</p> <p>I used several criteria for deciding which information to include in the compendium. First, I was interested in what Indigenous Peoples used turtle shell rattles or turtle substitute rattles for (see Gillreath-Brown 2019) across the United States. I also try to include alternate or contemporary preferred names of the Native American groups in addition to the group name used in the literature. Second, I include primary ethnographic references in addition to other supporting references. In addition to providing the references in a word document, references are also compiled in the author&rsquo;s Paperpile account, which is publically available at <a href="https://paperpile.com/shared/KU55Rg">https://paperpile.com/shared/KU55Rg</a>. Third, I was also interested in the type of rattle that was used and what turtle taxa (given by its scientific name according to Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2017) was used in the construction of the rattle(s). I also provide the common name for scientific names. Fourth, I provide a use category for the rattles, which is comprised of ritual/ceremonial, medicinal/healing, and myth/creation. Finally, an ethnographic description and additional comments are provided to give further context for the turtle shell rattles and to further expand on the use categories. For example, for a use category of ritual/ceremonial, the description and comments field will generally list the dances or ceremonies where turtle shell rattles were used.</p> <p>A goal of the compendium is to aid researchers in their interpretations of archaeological turtle shell rattle remains, as well as to understand and document Indigenous music. Although turtle shell rattles have been present in the United States since the Archaic Period (ca. 8000&ndash;1000 BC), the specific uses of turtle shell rattles vary from group to group and over time. Some Indigenous Peoples may not have traditionally used turtle shell rattles or at least not for specific dances (e.g., Stomp Dance). For example, Howard and Kurath (1959:6) explain that the Ponca (of the midwestern United States) likely borrowed the stomp dance from eastern groups. Many Indigenous Peoples were forced from their traditional homelands and were placed in close proximity to other Indigenous Peoples, such as in the state of Oklahoma, that they may not have interacted with the past. Additionally, the Seminoles of Oklahoma may have learned about the use of condensed-milk can rattles as a substitute for turtle shell rattles from the Natchez-Cherokees around 1920 in Gore, Oklahoma (Howard and Lena 1984:117).</p> <p>Turtle shell rattle type is defined by the author and is presented in Gillreath-Brown 2019 (see also Gillreath-Brown and Peres 2017, 2018). In published literature, &ldquo;turtle shell rattle&rdquo; is phrased many different ways including: turtle shell rattle, terrapin carapace rattles, turtle carapace rattle, shell shakers, terrapin rattle, turtle shell shakers, terrapin shell rattle, turtle shell shackles, tortoise shell rattle, turtle shell leggings, and tortoise rattle (see Gillreath-Brown 2019: Supplemental Content, Supplementary Table 4). Additionally, sometimes turtle shell is hyphenated (i.e., turtle-shell). Tortoise and terrapin are also used as substitutes for &ldquo;turtle.&rdquo;</p> <p>Download the current version of the excel file below.</p> <p>References cited in the description above are in the word document &ldquo;References Cited&rdquo; and in Paperpile, except for Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2017).</p> <p>Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [Rhodin AGJ, Iverson JB, Bour R, Fritz U, Georges A, Shaffer HB, et al]. 2017. Turtles of the world: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. 8th ed. In: Rhodin AGJ, Iverson JB, van Dijk PP, Saumure RA, Buhlmann KA, Pritchard PCH, et al, editors. Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: A compilation project of the IUCN/SSC tortoise and freshwater turtle specialist group. Chelonian Research Monographs 2017;7: 1&ndash;292.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017">https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017</a></p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>This publication would not have been possible without the support of many people and institutions. I also thank the editors and reviewers for the original article (DOI) that was published in the <em>Journal of Ethnobiology </em>Special Issue, &ldquo;Ethnobiology Through Song.&rdquo; I also thank my colleague Dr. Tanya Peres, who I have worked extensively with on this topic.</p> <p><em>Andrew Gillreath-Brown</em> is currently a PhD Candidate in the Department of Anthropology at Washington State University.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →
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Fig. 3 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 3. (A) A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of reptile haemosporidian parasites based on 62 partial sequences of cytb gene sequences corresponding to a bigger fragment of cytb (707 bp excluding gaps). Leucocytozoon genus was used as outgroup. In parenthesis are GenBank sequence accession number, isolate name, and turtle species name respectively. Branch color indicates the parasites genus: Blue, Plasmodium sp.; light green, Haemocystidium spp. infecting lizards and snakes; dark green, Haemocystidium sp. Infecting turtles; black, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon spp. (B–C) Estimates of evolutionary divergence between/within Haemocystidium spp. Genetic distances were estimated using the bigger fragment of cytb (707 bp excluding gaps). The number of base substitutions per site between sequences are shown in black and the standard error estimate(s) are shown above the diagonal in blue. Evolutionary divergence between/within Haemocystidium pacayae and Haemocystidium sp. (GERPH: PC005) are shown in bold and red respectively. Sequences previously identified as Hae. pacayae (KF049495 and KF049507) are likely Hae. (Simondia) sp. (group 2). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →
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Fig. 4 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 4. Haemocystidium (Simondia) sp. (GERPH: PC005) identified in Podocnemis vogli (A–H). (A–F) Young gametocytes, (E) coinfection with a gamont of Haemogregarina, (G) microgametocyte, and (H) macrogametocyte. Haemocystidium (S.) pacayae (GERPH: PC004-PC006) identified in P. vogli (I–J). (I) Young gametocyte, (K) microgametocyte, and (L) macrogametocyte. Bold black arrow: hemozoin granules; white arrow: parasitophorous vacuole; fine black arrow: vacuole. Giemsa stain, Scale bar: 10 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →
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Fig. 2 in Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis vogli from the Orinoquia

Fig. 2. Species and sampling locations for turtles analyzed in the study. Turtle species present in these localities are shown.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

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