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14,185 results for “phylogenies”
A new target capture phylogeny elucidates the systematics and evolution of wing coupling in sack‐bearer moths
<p>The frenulum is a wing coupling structure that is found on the wings of most families of Lepidoptera. It is a single bristle or set of bristles that originate from the base of the hindwing that often interlocks with the forewing during flight. This wing coupling mechanism is thought to have been a major evolutionary innovation that allowed for enhanced flight in Lepidoptera. The sack-bearer moths (Mimallonidae) are unusual among Lepidoptera in that not all species within the family have a frenulum. We test the hypothesis that the frenulum is not necessary and is therefore lost in mimallonids that have longer male forewings because such wings are perhaps better suited to be coupled by other means. To understand the evolution of the frenulum, we inferred the most taxonomically and genetically sampled anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogeny of Mimallonidae, including 604 loci from all 41 genera and from 120 species, covering about 40% of the described species in the family. The maximum likelihood tree robustly supports major relationships within the family, and ancestral state reconstruction clearly recovers the frenulum as the plesiomorphic condition in Mimallonidae. Our results show that the frenulum is more often observed in species that have shorter, rather than longer, male forewings. The frenulum has historically been used as an important character for intrafamilial classification in Mimallonidae, but our results conclusively show that this character system is more variable than previously thought. Based on our results, we erect two new subfamilies, Roelofinae St Laurent & Kawahara, <b>subfam. n.</b> and Meneviinae St Laurent, Herbin, & Kawahara, <b>subfam. n.</b>, for four genera previously considered <i>incertae sedis.</i> In the predominantly frenulum-lacking clade Cicinninae, we describe a new genus, <i>Cerradocinnus </i>St Laurent, Mielke, & Kawahara, <b>gen. n.</b>, and the genus <i>Gonogramma </i><b>stat. rev.</b> is revalidated to include many species previously placed in <i>Cicinnus sensu lato</i>. With these changes, <i>Cicinnus </i>can now be considered monophyletic. Thirty-three species are transferred to <i>Gonogramma </i>from <i>Cicinnus sensu lato</i>.</p>
Correlates of substitution rate variation in a robust Procellariiform seabird phylogeny
<p>Molecular substitution rates vary among branches and can lead to inaccurate reconstructions of evolutionary relationships and obscure the true phylogeny of affected clades. Body mass is often assumed to have a major influence on substitution rate, though other factors such as population size, life history traits, and flight demands are also thought to have an influence. Birds of the order Procellariiformes—which encompasses petrels, storm-petrels and albatrosses—show a striking 900-fold difference in body mass between the smallest and largest members, divergent life history traits, and substantial heterogeneity in mitochondrial substitution rates. Here, we used genome-scale nuclear DNA sequence data from 4365 ultraconserved element loci (UCEs) in 51 procellariiform species to examine whether phylogenetic reconstruction using genome-wide datasets is robust to the presence of rate heterogeneity, and to identify predictors of substitution rate variation. Our results provide a backbone phylogeny for procellariiform seabirds and resolves several controversies about the evolutionary history of the order, demonstrating that albatrosses are basal, storm-petrels are paraphyletic and diving petrels nestled within the Procellariidae. We find evidence of rate variation; however, all phylogenetic analyses using both concatenation and multispecies coalescent approaches recovered the same branching topology, including analyses implementing different clock models, and analyses of the most and least clock-like loci. Overall, we find that rate heterogeneity is little impacted by body mass and age at first breeding, but moderately impacted by longevity and hand-wing index, a proxy for wing shape and flight efficiency. Our results indicate that substitution rate may be the product of interactions among many, potentially taxon-specific, variables.</p>
Figure 126. Parsimony phylogeny. Part B in Revision of the northern South American species of Mortoniella Ulmer 1906 (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae)*
Figure 126. Parsimony phylogeny. Part B (above).
Figure 126. Parsimony phylogeny. Part A in Revision of the northern South American species of Mortoniella Ulmer 1906 (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae)*
Figure 126. Parsimony phylogeny. Part A (above). Part B continues on the next page.
Re-analysis of cleroid phylogeny with a CAT-GTR model
<p>The phylogeny of Cleroidea was re-analysed based on the data of Gimmel et al. (2019) with the site-heterogeneous mixture model CAT-GTR+G4. Data needed to run the molecular analysis and the output files are provided. This result is associated with the publication "An exquisitely preserved tiny bark-gnawing beetle (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and the phylogeny of Trogossitidae" (DOI:10.1111/jzs.12515).</p> <p>cleroidfull.phy – data file</p> <p>bpcomp.bpdiff – largest (maxdiff) and mean (meandiff) discrepancy observed across all bipartitions</p> <p>bpcomp.bplist – bipartition list</p> <p>bpcomp.con.tre – consensus tree in Newick format</p> <p>cleroidfull_tree_with_branch_length.pdf – consensus tree, with branch length shown</p> <p>cleroidfull_tree_without_branch_length.pdf – consensus tree, with branch length ignored</p>
FIG. 119 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 119. — Life reconstruction of some individuals of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (c. × 0.5).
FIG. 68 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 68. — Right ribs of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372) in anterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm.
FIG. 2 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 2. — Alcidedorbignya inopinata, skeleton MHNC 8372. Scale bar: 2 cm.
Fig. 14 in A Reassessment of Saltuarius swaini (Lacertilia: Diplodactylidae) in Southeastern Queensland and New South Wales; Two New Taxa, Phylogeny, Biogeography and Conservation
Fig. 14. Rock habitats of Saltuarius
Fig. 7 in A Reassessment of Saltuarius swaini (Lacertilia: Diplodactylidae) in Southeastern Queensland and New South Wales; Two New Taxa, Phylogeny, Biogeography and Conservation
Fig. 7 (continued). V-shaped pattern between eyes in S. wyberba QM J28648.
Fig. 51 in Molecular phylogeny and classification of Lyropaeini (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of larvae and new species of Lyropaeus
Fig. 51. Geographical distribution of Lyropaeini.
Fig. 62 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 62. Anterior, posterior, and medial views of the left patella of Rhombomylus (IVPP V7428).
Fig. 52 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 52. Lateral and medial views of the mandible of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5288).
Fig. 35 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 35. Stereoscopic view of the occipital region of skull of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5281).
Fig. 32 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 32. Lateral view of the zygomatic arch of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289).
Fig. 23 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 23. Dorsal view of the skull of Rhombomylus. Reconstruction is based mainly on an adult skull
Fig. 31 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 31. Stereoscopic view of the lateral orbital and temporal regions of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289).
Fig. 34 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 34. Stereoscopic view of the ventrolateral basicranial region of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289).
Fig. 50 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 50. Dorsal views of endocranial casts of Rhombomylus (IVPP V7486, V5286).
Fig. 38 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 38. Stereoscopic view of the internal braincase and ear region of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5262).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.