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Figs 30–33 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 30–33. Dusmadiores orientalis sp. n. male paratype, Yemen (MRAC 243300): (30) habitus, dorsal view; (31) habitus, ventral view; female paratype, Yemen (MRAC 243310): (32) habitus, ventral view; (33) habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figs 26–28 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 26–28. Zodarion yemenensis sp. n. male holotype, Yemen: (26) male palp, retrolateral view; (27) idem, ventral view; female paratype, Yemen (MRAC 243303): (28) epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (26, 27); 0.1 mm (28).

Figs 22–25 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 22–25. Zodarion yemenensis sp. n. male holotype, Yemen: (22) male palp, retrolateral view; (23) idem, ventral; female paratype, Yemen (MRAC 243303): (24) epigyne, cleared in methyl salicylate, dorsal view; (25) idem, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (22, 23); 0.1 mm (24, 25).

Figs 18–21 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 18–21. Zodarion yemenensis sp. n. male holotype, Yemen: (18) habitus, dorsal view; (19) habitus, ventral view; female paratype, Yemen (MRAC 243303): (20) habitus, dorsal view; (21) habitus, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5mm (18, 19); 1 mm (20, 21).

Figs 14–16 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 14–16. Acanthinozodium ansieae sp. n. male holotype, Yemen: (14) male palp, ventral view; (15) idem, retrolateral view; female paratype, Yemen: (16) epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Figs 11–13 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 11–13. Acanthinozodium ansieae sp. n. male paratype (MRAC 243308), Yemen, SEM views: (11) male palp, ventral view; (12) idem, tibia and base of cymbium, dorsal view; arrow indicates plug-pit; (13) detail of previous, remark thread of sticky matter (arrow).

Figs 7–10 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 7–10. Acanthinozodium ansieae sp. n. male holotype, female paratype (MRAC 243309), Yemen: (7) male palp, retrolateral view; (8) idem, ventral view; (9) epigyne, ventral view; (10) epigyne, cleared in methyl salicylate, dorsal view. Scale bars = 200 μm.

Figs 5, 6 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 5, 6. Acanthinozodium ansieae sp. n. female paratype, Yemen (MRAC 243309): (5) cephalothorax, dorsal view; (6) abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs 1– 4 in Three new species of Zodariidae (Araneae) from mainland Yemen and the Island Socotra

Figs 1– 4. Acanthinozodium ansieae sp. n. male holotype, Yemen: (1) habitus, dorsal view; (2) prosoma, frontal view; (3) habitus, lateral view; (4) habitus, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Afropeza, a new South African genus (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae), with description of three new species

Fig. 10. Afropeza stuckenbergi sp. n., male terminalia, dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: cerc – cercus, ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme, epand – epandrium, goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme, hypd – hypandrium, ph – phallus, st – sternite, sur (a) – anterior surstylus, sur (p) – posterior surstylus, tg – tergite. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Figs 7–9 in Afropeza, a new South African genus (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae), with description of three new species

Figs 7–9. Afropeza silvatica sp. n., terminalia: (7) male, lateral view; (8) male, anterior view; (9) female, lateral view. Abbreviations: apod – apodeme, cerc – cercus, ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme, epand lb – epandrial lobe, epand – epandrium, goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme, hypd – hypandrium, pgt – postgonite, ph – phallus, spmth – spermatheca, st – sternite, sur – surstylus, tg – tergite. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figs 5, 6 in Afropeza, a new South African genus (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae), with description of three new species

Figs 5, 6. Afropeza pappi sp. n., male terminalia: (5) lateral view; (6) cerci, anterior view. Abbreviations: cerc – cercus, ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme, epand – epandrium, goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme, hypd – hypandrium, pgt – postgonite, ph – phallus, sur – surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figs 2–4 in Afropeza, a new South African genus (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae), with description of three new species

Figs 2–4. (2, 3) Afropeza silvatica sp. n.: (2) antenna, lateral view; (3) mouthparts, lateral view; (4) Afropeza pappi sp. n., wing. Abbreviations: hyphar – hypopharynx, lab – labium, lbr – labrum, lc – lacinia, M – medial vein, plp – palpus, R – radial vein. Scale bars: Figs 2, 3 = 0.1 mm; Fig. 4 = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 12. Enchytraeus Henle, 1837 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 12. Enchytraeus Henle, 1837 species tree, based on COI, H3 and 16S rRNA gene (Bayes analysis, *BEAST). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.5 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 1. Abbreviation: n = number of included specimens for each species. Scale bar = 0.07 substitutions per nucleotide.

Fig. 8 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 8. Micrograph of Enchytraeus krumbachi (Čejka, 1913). A–B, D, F. In vivo. C, E, G–H. Fixed, stained. A–B. Sperm ducts (thick-wall portion marked with black arrow, thin-wall portions marked with white arrows). C. Large sperm sacs with more lobes (slide 2868, ELTE). D–E. Male copulatory apparates (many accessory glands marked with arrows). E. Slide 2868 (ELTE). F–H. Spermathecae (ampulla rounded without diverticula). G. Slide 2867 (ELTE). H. Slide 2872 (ELTE). Scale bars = 50 μm. Abbreviation: pbc = primer gland.

Fig. 11 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 11. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the H3 gene for specimens of the Enchytraeus albidus species complex, based on 225 nucleotide positions using the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model. Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 1. Scale bar: 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide.

Fig. 10 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 10. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the COI gene for specimens of the Enchytraeus albidus species complex, based on 568 nucleotide positions using the General Time Reversible substitution model. Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 1. Scale bar: 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide.

Fig. 9 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 9. Micrograph of Enchytraeus irregularis Nielsen & Christensen, 1961. A–H, J, K. In vivo. I, L. Fixed, stained. I. Slide 2110 (ELTE). L. Slide 574 (ELTE). A. Brain (refractile globules marked with arrows). B. Clitellar glands, dorsolateral view. C. Coelomocytes. D. Head, anterior bifurcation of blood vessel with red blood (head pore marked with arrow). E. Chloragogen cells. F. Male copulatory organ (lateral view). G. Sperm funnels. H. Segments XII–XIII (male copulatory organ marked with black arrow, extra sexual gland marked with white arrow). I. Multiple copulatory glands (lateral view, primary gland marked with arrow). J. Extra sexual glands in XIII, ventro-lateral view. K–L. Spermathecae (diverticula marked with arrows). Scale bars: A–B, D–L = 50 μm; C = 20 μm. Abbreviation: s = sperm sacs.

Fig. 7 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 7. Micrograph of Enchytraeus krumbachi (Čejka, 1913). A–B, D–F, H–I. In vivo. C, G. Fixed, stained. A. Chaetae in ventral bundles preclitellarly (surplus chaetae marked with arrow). B. Coelomocytes. C. Clitellar glands, dorsal view (slide 2868, ELTE). D. Clitellar glands, lateral view (near to male copulatory apparates more granular glands). E. Between the two male copulatory apparates (marked with arrows) and middle ventrally only granulocytes. F–G. Pharyngeal glands (in F first and secondary glands connected dorsally, in G these glands near to each other but not connected dorsally, the spermathecae marked with arrows). G. Slide 2867 (ELTE). H. Sperm sacs in X–XI. I. Sperm funnel. Scale bars = 50 μm. Abbreviation: sf = sperm funnel.

Fig. 6 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 6. Micrograph of Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 s. str. A–C, E–H, K–L. In vivo. D, I. Fixed, stained. J. Fixed, not stained. A. Chaetae in ventral bundles preclitellarly. B. Clitellar glands, dorsal view. C–D. Ventral recess between the lip-like folds in XII. D. Slide 3047 (ELTE). E–F Sperm ducts (In F the ciliated canal marked with arrow). G. Nephridium. H. Sperm funnel. I. Multiple male glands (larger primary bulb marked with arrows) (slide 3048, ELTE). J. Lip-like fold (slide 3028, ELTE). K–L. Spermathecae (diverticula marked with black arrow, glands at ectal duct marked with white arrow). Scale bars = 50 μm.