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3,761 results for “phylogenetic relationship”
Text-fig. 9. Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885): Pharyngeal bone (medial view) with attached teeth (SMMGD SaT-620). in Revision Of The Cyprinids From The Early Oligocene Of The České Středohoří Mountains, And The Phylogenetic Relationships Of Protothymallus Laube, 1901 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae)
Text-fig. 9. Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885): Pharyngeal bone (medial view) with attached teeth (SMMGD SaT-620).
Text-fig. 3. Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885): reconstruction of the neurocranium in dorsal view based on UL-V2. in Revision Of The Cyprinids From The Early Oligocene Of The České Středohoří Mountains, And The Phylogenetic Relationships Of Protothymallus Laube, 1901 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae)
Text-fig. 3. Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885): reconstruction of the neurocranium in dorsal view based on UL-V2.
Text-fig. 8. Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885): A – dental in lingual view (SMMGD SaT-156), B – dental in labial view (SMMGD SaT-172), C – epihyal (SMMGD SaT-168), D – ceratohyal (SMMGD SaT-168), E – basipterygial (SMMGD SaT-413), F – vomer (SMMGD SaT-156). in Revision Of The Cyprinids From The Early Oligocene Of The České Středohoří Mountains, And The Phylogenetic Relationships Of Protothymallus Laube, 1901 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae)
Text-fig. 8. Protothymallus elongatus (KRAMBERGER, 1885): A – dental in lingual view (SMMGD SaT-156), B – dental in labial view (SMMGD SaT-172), C – epihyal (SMMGD SaT-168), D – ceratohyal (SMMGD SaT-168), E – basipterygial (SMMGD SaT-413), F – vomer (SMMGD SaT-156).
Text-fig. 13: Cladogram showing the systematic position of Protothymallus within the Gobioninae, (for the character states see Tab. 1 and text). in Revision Of The Cyprinids From The Early Oligocene Of The České Středohoří Mountains, And The Phylogenetic Relationships Of Protothymallus Laube, 1901 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Gobioninae)
Text-fig. 13: Cladogram showing the systematic position of Protothymallus within the Gobioninae, (for the character states see Tab. 1 and text).
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic relationships among populations of Pristurus rupestris Blanford, 1874 (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) in southern Iran
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among the Pristurus rupestris populations included in the analysis using BI. Individuals of Tenuidactylus caspius were used as the outgroup taxon. Numbers close to the branches are posterior probabilities of BI followed by MP and ML bootstrap supports (2000 replicates). Numbers in front of the tree refer to the sample localities as follows: 1- Busheher; 2- Dayyer; 3- Siraf; 4- Nayband; 5- Charak; 6- Gheshm; 7- Bandar Abas; 8- Minab; 9- Jask; 10- Konarak; 11- Guater. Four clades are shown by numbers.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of Malesian Lady Ferns (Athyrium) provide insight into long-standing species complexes
FIGURE 5. Athyrium nigripes silhouettes showing leaf morphology, from Fraser-Jenkins 22019, Java.
FIGURE 6. Athyrium nitidulum silhouettes showing leaf morphology, from Wardani 1423 in Phylogenetic relationships of Malesian Lady Ferns (Athyrium) provide insight into long-standing species complexes
FIGURE 6. Athyrium nitidulum silhouettes showing leaf morphology, from Wardani 1423, Java.
Figure 2. A neighbour-joining tree using 604 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in Phylogenetic relationship among slender loris species (Primates, Lorisidae: Loris) in Sri Lanka based on mtDNA CO1 barcoding
Figure 2. A neighbour-joining tree using 604 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) sequences from 7 different slender loris (Loris) taxas found in Sri Lanka with their external appearance.
Figure 2 in Inferring phylogenetic relationships in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence diversities
Figure 2. Median-joining network obtained from CYTB haplotypes of Anatolian, Asian and European populations of M. arvalis. Number of mutations are shown by black lines on the branches.
FIGURE 1 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira
FIGURE 1. Map of the sampling sites where the studied clones were collected.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Rediscovery, taxonomic status, and phylogenetic relationships of two rare and endemic snakes (Serpentes: Psammophiinae) from the southwestern Angolan plateau.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Rediscovery, taxonomic status, and phylogenetic relationships of two rare and endemic snakes (Serpentes: Psammophiinae) from the southwestern Angolan plateau". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/5ed08b95-646d-41d0-bcf6-54ff44603e27">https://bionomia.net/dataset/5ed08b95-646d-41d0-bcf6-54ff44603e27</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/5ed08b95-646d-41d0-bcf6-54ff44603e27">https://gbif.org/dataset/5ed08b95-646d-41d0-bcf6-54ff44603e27</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships between the studied taxa. A in Hiding in plain sight: Integrative analyses uncover a cryptic Salvia species in Europe
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships between the studied taxa. A, Phylogenetic tree shown as a phylogram resulting from a ML search in RAxML using the ascertainment bias correction option. Circles at nodes represent maximum bootstrap support (BS = 100), thick branches represent BS ≥70, and thin branches represent BS <70, where branch thickness increases in proportion to bootstrap support. The two main internal branches were shortened to condense the figure. B, Topology of the untruncated ML phylogram. C, Posterior membership probabilities based on the first two discriminant functions of four PCs using group assignment from k-means clustering at K = 5 in a DAPC analysis. The order of individuals follows the order of the tips of the phylogenetic tree. The beginning of an individual's ID refers to the taxon: rev, Salvia FDPD; aus, S. austriaca Jacq. s.str.; prat, S. pratensis L.; nemo, S. nemorosa L.; nut, S. nutans L.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships of toads of the Rhinella granulosa group (Anura: Bufonidae): a molecular perspective with comments on hybridization and introgression
The Rhinella granulosa group consists of 13 species of toads distributed throughout open areas of South America and Panama. In this paper we perform a phylogenetic analysis considering all but one species of the group, employing five nuclear and four mitochondrial genes, for up to 7910 bp per specimen. Separate phylogenetic analyses under direct optimization (DO) of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences recovered the R. granulosa group as monophyletic and revealed topological incongruence that can be explained mainly by multiple events of hybridization and introgression, both mitochondrial and nuclear. The DO combined analysis, after the exclusion of putatively introgressed or heterozygous genomes, resulted in a phylogenetic hypothesis for the R. granulosa group in which most of the species are recovered as monophyletic, but with interspecific relationships poorly supported. The optimization of morphological (adult and larval), chromosomal, and behavioural characters resulted in 12 putative phenotypic synapomorphies for this species group and some other synapomorphies for internal clades. Our results indicate the need for additional population genetic studies on R. dorbignyi and R. fernandezae to corroborate the taxonomic status of both taxa. Finally, we discuss biological and genetic characteristics of Bufonidae, as possible explanations for the common occurrence of hybridization and introgression observed in some lineages of this family.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution analysis of Saxifragales using a supermatrix approach
Premise of the study: We sought novel evolutionary insights for the highly diverse Saxifragales by constructing a large phylogenetic tree encompassing 36.8% of the species-level biodiversity. Methods: We built a phylogenetic tree for 909 species of Saxifragales and used this hypothesis to examine character evolution for: annual or perennial habit, woody or herbaceous habit, ovary position, petal number, carpel number, and stamen: petal ratio. We employed likelihood approaches to investigate the effect of habit and life history on speciation and extinction within this clade. Key results: Two major shifts occurred from a woody ancestor to the herbaceous habit, with multiple secondary changes from herbaceous to woody. Transitions among superior, subinferior, and inferior ovaries appear equiprobable. A major increase in petal number is correlated with a large increase in carpel number; these increases have co-occurred multiple times in Crassulaceae. Perennial or woody lineages have higher rates of speciation than annual or herbaceous ones, but higher probabilities of extinction offset these differences. Hence, net diversification rates are highest for annual, herbaceous lineages and lowest for woody perennials. The shift from annuality to perenniality in herbaceous taxa is frequent. Conversely, woody perennial lineages to woody annual transitions are infrequent; if they occur, the woody annual state is left immediately. Conclusions: The large tree provides new insights into character evolution that are not obvious with smaller trees. Our results indicate that in some cases the evolution of angiosperms might be conditioned by constraints that have been so far overlooked.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships among families of the order Anomopoda (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Cladocera)
FIGURE 5. Species habit mapped on tree topology.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationship among horseshoe crab species: effect of substitution models on phylogenetic analyses
The horseshoe crabs, known as living fossils, have maintained their morphology almost unchanged for the past 150 million years. The little morphological differentiation among horseshoe crab lineages has resulted in substantial controversy concerning the phylogenetic relationship among the extant species of horseshoe crabs, especially among the three species in the Indo-Pacific region. Previous studies suggest that the three species constitute a phylogenetically unresolvable trichotomy, the result of a cladogenetic process leading to the formation of all three Indo-Pacific species in a short geological time. Data from two mitochondrial genes (for 16S ribosomal rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and one nuclear gene (for coagulogen) in the four species of horseshoe crabs and outgroup species were used in a phylogenetic analysis with various substitution models. All three genes yield the same tree topology, with Tachypleus-gigas and Carcinoscorpius-rotundicauda grouped together as a monophyletic taxon. This topology is significantly better than all the alternatives when evaluated with the RELL (resampling estimated log-likelihood) method.
Data from: New species of Karydomys (Rodentia) from the Miocene of Chios Island (Greece) and phylogenetic relationships of this rare democricetodontine genus
Karydomys is a rare and little diversified democricetodontine, of which only six species are currently recognized. This group of rodents is first recorded in the early Miocene (MN3) in China and spread quickly thereafter to Kazakhstan and Greece (MN4). Karydomys reached south‐western and central Europe by early middle Miocene times (MN5), from where it became extinct shortly thereafter (MN6). A new species of Karydomys is here described from the Miocene Keramia Formation of Chios Island (north‐eastern Aegean Sea). Karydomys strati sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of a labial spur on the anterolophule, the lack of anterior protolophule on the M1 and by the presence of a double metalophule on the M2. A cladistics analysis involving all the species of Karydomys and some closely related species of Democricetodon and Cricetodon show that Karydomys split early into two different lineages, an 'eastern stock', which includes the central Asian (K. debruijni and K. dzerzhinskii) and Greek (K. symeonidisi, K. boskosi and K. strati) species, and a 'western lineage' comprising the western and central European species (K. wigharti and K. zapfei). The evolutionary stage of Karydomys strati suggests that the lowermost part of the Keramia Formation, usually attributed to the middle Miocene, is older than previously thought.
FIGURE 8. Portion B4 in Phylogenetic relationships in Brazilian Pleurothallis sensu lato (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae): evidence from nuclear ITS rDNA sequences
FIGURE 8. Portion B4 (notably Specklinia) of the most parsimonious tree presented in Fig. 1.
FIGURE 7. Portion B3 in Phylogenetic relationships in Brazilian Pleurothallis sensu lato (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae): evidence from nuclear ITS rDNA sequences
FIGURE 7. Portion B3, second part (Pabstiella) of the most parsimonious tree presented in Fig. 1.
FIGURE 4. Portion A2 in Phylogenetic relationships in Brazilian Pleurothallis sensu lato (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae): evidence from nuclear ITS rDNA sequences
FIGURE 4. Portion A2 (Acianthera), second part of the most parsimonious tree presented in Fig. 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.