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FIGURE 4 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 4. Proximal ends of young and mature tubaria of (A–B) Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, light blue colour indicates ancora umbrella rim; A. immature tubarium with the first three thecae, obverse view, ZPAL G.55/6. B. mature tubarium, obverse view, with wide lists above proximal lateral orifice (dark blue), ZPAL G.55/23. C, D, E, G, H. Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813- 832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984); C. inside view of proximal end with sicula rim, ZPAL G.55/8. D. outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/9. E, outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/10. G. stereopair of proximal end, ventral view, ZPAL G.55/11; H. lateral view with colored reticulated wall of metasicula, ZPAL G.55/12. F. Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990; erratic boulder, Jarosławiec 147, Poland, lundgreni Biozone, outside view of proximal end, with outer ancora, ZPAL G.XIII/43. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora umbrella, lat.—lateral, m-v—mid-ventral list, prox.—proximal, orif.—orifice, th—theca, umb.—umbrella.

FIGURE 2 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 2. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp. from the Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.6 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/1. B. tubarium with two pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/2. C– E. tubarium with first pair of thecae, ZPAL G.55/3; C. ventro-lateral view, D. enlargement of distal part of virga with trace of prosicular apex, E. enlargement of distal end showing virga and fragment of virgella. Abbreviation: pros.—prosicular.

FIGURE 23. Gothograptus diminutus n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 23. Gothograptus diminutus n. sp. Bartoszyce IG-1core, Poland. A. lateral view of tubarium, almost mature, with seven pairs of thecae, 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/32. B, C, E. mature tubarium with six pairs of thecae and appendix, holotype, 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.29/21; B. ventro-lateral view; C, fragment of third pair of theca; E. proximal end. D. finite tubarium with six pairs of thecae and appendix, paratype, depth 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/34. F. mature tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, ventrolateral view, depth 1658.8 m, ZPAL G.54/8. G. young tubarium with four pairs of thecae, depth 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/35.

FIGURE 11 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 11. Tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Lithuania. A–B, E–F. Specimen with five pairs of thecae, VU RET-8, Kybartai-14 core, depth 1087.8 m, nassa Biozone; A. ventro-lateral view; B. view of distal end; E, enlargement of cross-section of nema; F, distal view of end of tubarium. C–D, G. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ventral view, VU RET-9, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 998.0 m, nassa Biozone; C. enlargement of th12 orifice; D. oblique view of th12 orifice; G. whole specimen.

FIGURE 1 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 1. Biostratigraphic ranges of Gothograptus Frech, 1897 species from Baltica, and two species of other genera with nassa hoods: Semigothograptus meganassa Kozłowska, 2016 and Neogothograptus eximinassa Maletz, 2008. Abbreviations: G.—Gothograptus, N.—Neogothograptus, S.—Semigothograptus.

FIGURE 8 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 8. Details of bandaging in Gothograptus. A. bandaging on the surface of a nema, before it is overlain by pustular bandaging of the ancora sleeve, ZPAL G.55/42. B. pustular bandages on the surface of a hood, ZPAL G.55/41. C. bandage on the surface of a reticular list, showing pustules, ZPAL G.55/41. D. edge of a bandage on a hood; a "gluey" layer extends laterally beyond an outer granular layer, ZPAL G.55/42. E. the inner surface of the basal sheet layer of a bandage, with scattered vesicles, ZPAL G.55/44. F. bandages on the surface of a hood, ZPAL G.55/46. G. TEM section through reticular list. The pustular outer layer is electron dense; the pustules are formed from the thickening of the layer. H. broken list, thickened by successive bandages, ZPAL G.55/45. A, G. Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813-832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984). B–E. Mulde Marl, Dapps 2, Gotland. F, H. Mulde Marl, Tegelbruk 1, Gotland (Calner & Jeppsson 2003).

FIGURE 15. Gothograptus domeyki n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 15. Gothograptus domeyki n. sp. tubaria of young colonies, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 1009.4 m, lundgreni Biozone, Lithuania. A, E, F. tubarium with five pairs of thecae, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-10; A. whole specimen; E. enlargement of orifice of th41; F. enlargement of orifice of th21. B. tubarium with six pairs of thecae, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-11. C, D. tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, VU RET-12; C. whole tubarium, lateral view; D. enlargement of orifice of th11.

FIGURE 3. Gothograptus auriculatus n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 3. Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., fragments of distal parts of tubaria showing a thick nema, Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1647.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A–B, distal end of tubarium with broken appendix, ZPAL G.55/4, A, fragment with beginning of appendix, B, enlargement of last thecal region showing thick nema. C, lateral view of fragment of medial part of tubarium, ZPAL G.55/5.

FIGURE 22. A–F in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 22. A–F. mature tubarium of Gothograptus velo n. sp., holotype, Zawada 1 core, depth 1533.3–1540.0 m, upper part of lundgreni Biozone, Poland, ZPAL G.XIII/35, specimen with nine pairs of thecae. A. lateral-ventral view of specimen; B. enlargement of distal part of tubarium; C. enlargement of proximal end; D. view of outer ancora from outside; E–F. enlargements of th71. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora, lat. ap.—lateral apertural, v.—ventral, th—theca.

FIGURE 6 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania

FIGURE 6. Internal view of the structural features of the thecal framework of Gothograptus. A. Pleural list and socket, ZPAL G.55/40; B. View looking distally of lateral apertural rod curving distally into ventral lip, ZPAL G.55/41; C, E, nema with connecting rod, ZPAL G.55/41, ZPAL G.55/37; D, G. pleural list at side of thecal orifice, ZPAL G.55/42, ZPAL G.55/41. F. midventral list with traces of zigzag fusellar suture, their courses shown by the white bars. ZPAL G.55/43. A–E, G. Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813-832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984). F. Mulde Marl, Dapps 2, Gotland, Sweden (Calner & Jeppsson 2003). H. internal diagrammatic representation of the lists. The seams are coloured brown.

FIGURE 7 in Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey

FIGURE 7. Type locality of Lethrus (L.) thracicus Král & Hillert, new species. European Turkey, Edirne prov., 18 km E of Edirne, Habiller env., 26.iv.2011 (photo by Petr Šípek).

FIGURES 3a–h in Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey

FIGURES 3a–h. Male head in frontal view. a, e—Lethrus (L.) apterus (Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, DKCP), b, f—L. (L.) ares (Greece, Evros dist., Polía, holotype, NMPC); c, g—L. (L.) schneideri (Greece: Thrace distr., Karydia, holotype, NMPC); d, h—L. (L.) thracicus Král & Hillert, new species (European Turkey, Edirne prov., Habiller env., holotype). Differential characters shown by arrow. Not to scale.

FIGURES 4a–h in Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey

FIGURES 4a–h. Male head in left lateral view. a, e—Lethrus (L.) apterus (Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, DKCP), b, f—L. (L.) ares (Greece, Evros dist., Polía, holotype, NMPC); c, g—L. (L.) schneideri (Greece: Thrace distr., Karydia, holotype, NMPC); d, h—L. (L.) thracicus Král & Hillert, new species (European Turkey, Edirne prov., Habiller env., holotype). Differential characters shown by arrow. Not to scale.

FIGURES 2a–h in Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey

FIGURES 2a–h. Male head in dorsal view. a, e—Lethrus (L.) apterus (Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, DKCP), b, f—L. (L.) ares (Greece, Evros dist., Polía, holotype, NMPC); c, g—L. (L.) schneideri (Greece: Thrace distr., Karydia, holotype, NMPC); d, h—L. (L.) thracicus Král & Hillert, new species (European Turkey, Edirne prov., Habiller env., holotype). Differential characters shown by arrow. Not to scale.

FIGURE 6 in Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey

FIGURE 6. Sketch map of the Thracian lowlands (parts of Bulgaria, Greece and European Turkey) with marked distribution of Lethrus (L.) ares—red marks, L. (L.) schneideri—yellow marks, L. (L.) thracicus Král & Hillert, new species —blue marks; triangles represent the type localities. Compiled from Král et al. (2001, 2013) and Chehlarov et al. (2016).

FIGURES 1a–e in Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey

FIGURES 1a–e. Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus Král & Hillert, new species (European Turkey, Edirne prov., Habiller env., holotype (male), excepting allotype (female)—d). a—habitus, left lateral aspect; b—aedeagus, dorsal and left lateral view; c, d—habitus dorsal view; e—habitus, left oblique antero-lateral view. Not to scale.

FIGURES 42–52 in Rediscovery of Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), and revision of European Calymmochilus Masi, 1919

FIGURES 42–52. Calymmochilus russoi ♀: 42, card-mounted Spanish specimen; 43, head, thorax and propodeum of holotype in dorsal view; 44, left fore wing of holotype; 45, left fore- and hind wings of Spanish specimen; 46, mesotibia (apex) and mesotarsus of Spanish specimen; 47, holotype on card point, gaster separated, with data labels; 48, head of Spanish specimen and antenna, frontal view; 49, head of holotype, frontal view; 50, lower face and antennal scapes of holotype; 51, gaster of holotype, dorsal view; 52, axillae, mesoscutellum, metanotum and propodeum of holotype. Scale bars represent 1 mm in Figs 42 and 47, and 0.2 mm in the remainder.

FIGURES 7–16. 7 in Rediscovery of Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), and revision of European Calymmochilus Masi, 1919

FIGURES 7–16. 7, Calymmochilus subnubilus, lectotype ♀ with data labels; 8, C. subnubilus ♂ (2017-06); 9–12, head in frontal view in Calymmochilus ♀: 9, C. atratus (lectotype); 10, C. atratus (2017-18); 11, C. subnubilus (lectotype); 12, C. subnubilus (2017-19). 13, mesosoma in C. atratus (lectotype); 14, mesosoma in C. subnubilus (lectotype); 15, fore wing in C. atratus (2017-18); 16, fore wing in C. subnubilus (2017-26). Scale bars represent 1 mm in 7, 8 and 0.2 mm in 9–16.

FIGURES 33–41 in Rediscovery of Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), and revision of European Calymmochilus Masi, 1919

FIGURES 33–41. Calymmochilus dispar, holotype ♀: 33, lateral habitus; 34, fore wing rudiment; 35, head, lateral with clypeus as insert; 36, antenna; 37, head, two-thirds; 38, mesoscutellar-axillar complex; 39, mesosoma; 40, syntergum, lateral; 41, acropleuron. Scale bars represent 1 mm in 33 and 0.2 mm in 34–41.

FIGURES 17–19. 17 in Rediscovery of Calymmochilus russoi Gibson, 1995 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), and revision of European Calymmochilus Masi, 1919

FIGURES 17–19. 17, Calymmochilus atratus, lectotype ♀, fore wing and gaster; 18, mesosoma in C. atratus ♂ (2017-28); 19, mesosoma in C. subnubilus ♂ (2017-06). Scale bars represent 0.2 mm.