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Fig. 2 in Species Diversity and Succession of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae) Attracted to Horse Dung on Assateague Island
Fig. 2. Species accumulation curve for dung beetles sampled in three habitats (marsh, dune and forest) on Assateague Island.
Fig. 1. Maryland map indicating Assateague Island State and National Seashore. Assateague study location indicated with a in Species Diversity and Succession of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae) Attracted to Horse Dung on Assateague Island
Fig. 1. Maryland map indicating Assateague Island State and National Seashore. Assateague study location indicated with a box in the inset; the two mainland horse farms are indicated with black squares: Holly Ridge Equestrian Center = HR; Autumn Grove Stables = AG.
Fig. 4 in Species Diversity and Succession of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae) Attracted to Horse Dung on Assateague Island
Fig. 4. Rank abundance curves for species collected on Assateague during our diversity study and that in Pocomoke State Forest (Price et al. 2012).
Figure 18 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 18. Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov., colour micrographs. A–D, live specimens. A, anterior end, ventral view. B, specimen missing posterior abdominal chaetigers, lateral view. C, radiolar crown and anterior thoracic chaetigers, lateral view. D, same, dorsal view. E–M, preserved specimens. E–G, detail of radiolar eyes along radiolar lateral margins. H, base of crown, ventral view, with crown opened showing ventral lips, dorsal lips with long radiolar appendages, and anterior thoracic chaetigers with ventral shields in contact with neuropodial tori and a dark pigment spot in between. I, J, half of radiolar crown showing dorsal lips with long radiolar appendages and pinnular appendages (arrow); dyed with methylene blue. K, thoracic chaetigers, holotype, lateral view, lacking inter-ramal eyes. L, thoracic chaetigers and collar. M, posterior thoracic and anterior abdominal chaetigers, lacking conspicuous inter-ramal eyes. A–D, AM W.37060; E–H, AM W.37060; I, J: AM W.37029; K, AM W.47193 (holotype); L, M, AM W.47189.
Figure 17 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 17. Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa, scanning electron microscope photographs. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, dorsal view, showing large collar dorsal margins. B, midthoracic parapodium with elongate, narrowly hooded (arrow) superior chaetae and broadly hooded (type B) in inferior group. C, detail of inferior thoracic broadly hooded chaetae of type B. D, thoracic uncini. E, companion chaetae, lateral view. F, companion chaetae, frontal view. G, midabdominal neurochaetae narrowly hooded. H, abdominal uncini. I, posterior abdominal chaetigers and (damaged) pygidium. A–I, AM W.36431.
Figure 15 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 15. Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica, scanning electron microscope photographs. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, ventral view, showing ventral shields separated from neuropodial tori, and ventral lappets. B, anterior chaetigers, lateral view. C, same, dorsal view. D, midthoracic parapodium, elongate, narrowly hooded superi- or chaetae and broadly hooded type B chaetae in inferior group. E, detail of inferior, broadly hooded type B chaeta. F, thoracic uncini and companion chaetae. G, thoracic uncini, detail. H, companion chaetae showing the laterally compressed hood. I, midabdominal narrowly hooded neurochaetae. J, abdominal uncini. A–J, AM W.36450.
Figure 16 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 16. Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa, colour micrographs of preserved specimens. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers, ventral view, showing posterior peristomial ring collar, and ventral shields in contact with neuropodial tori. B, complete thorax, lateral view. C, same, dorsal view. D, posterior abdominal chaetigers and pygidium, ventral view. A, NMV F.108844; B–D, AM W.36431.
Figure 12 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 12. Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex, colour micrographs of preserved specimens. A, whole specimen, lateral view. B, anterior chaetigers, showing the base of crown and the collar margins. C, specimens with detached crown showing the peristomial eyes (arrows) near the insertion site of the radiolar lobes. A–B, AM W.31103; C, AM W.37028.
Figure 10 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 10. Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. colour micrographs. A–C, live specimen. A, radiolar crown and anterior thoracic chaetigers, lateral view. B, same, dorsal view. C, whole specimens with opened radiolar crown. D–I, preserved specimens. D, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, lateral view. E, same, ventrolateral view. F, specimen with detached crown, dorsal view. G, tip of lateral radioles showing the subdistal radiolar eyes. H, arrangement of radiolar eyes on lateral radiole. I, magnified detail showing cup-shaped radiolar eye. A–C, AM W.37053; D, E, G, H, AM W.46997; F, I, AM W.37056.
Figure 9 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 9. Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota scanning electron microscope photographs. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, ventral view, with ventral shields in contact with neuropodial tori. B, same, showing the collar, lateral view. C, collar dorsal margins, lateral view. D, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, showing collar dorsal margins, dorsal view. E, collar chaetae, elongate, narrowly hooded. F, thoracic elongate, narrowly hooded superior notochaetae and inferior, broadly hooded (type B) chaetae. G, detail of inferior thoracic chaetae. H, I, thoracic uncini from specimens collected in temperate and tropical sites, respectively. J, companion chaetae. K, complete row of uncini in abdominal notopodia, showing the range in size from dorsal- to ventral-most uncini. L, midabdominal narrowly hooded neurochaetae. M, abdominal uncini. B, C, F, H, K–M, AM W.22017; A, D, E, G, I, J, AM W.22480.
Figure 11 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 11. Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. scanning electron microscope photographs. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, ventral view, showing ventral shields separated from neuropodial tori. B, same, lateral view. C, same, dorsal view. D, inside of radiolar crown, frontal view, showing dorsal lips and long radiolar appendages. E, elongate, narrowly hooded collar chaetae. F, midthoracic chaetiger, elongate, narrowly hooded superior thoracic chaetae, and inferior, broadly hooded type B chaetae. G, thoracic uncini. H, companion chaetae. I, midabdominal, narrowly hooded neurochaetae. J, abdominal uncini. A–J, AM W.36449.
Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 8. Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota colour micrographs. A, B, live specimen, anterior end, dorsal view. C–F, preserved specimen. C, detail of remaining pigmentation on radioles. D, anterior end showing collar margins, ventral lappets, ventral shields, and neuropodial tori. E, anterior end, lateral view. F, anterior end, dorsal view, showing dorsal collar margins. A, B, AM W.35612; C, AM W.47006; D–F, AM W.22480.
Figure 6. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, colour micrographs. A in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 6. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, colour micrographs. A, crown and anterior thoracic segments, lateral view. B, thoracic chaetigers showing ventral shields in contact with neuropodial tori. C, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of crown, showing collar ventral lappets and shape of ventral shields. D, anterior thoracic segments in dorsal view, showing the stiff fleshy swelling separated by the faecal groove. E, same. F, fleshy swelling continuous across dorsum. A, AM W.36946; B, D, AM W.36935; C, E, AM W.36430; F, AM W.32018.
Figure 7. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, scanning electron microscope photographs. A in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 7. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, scanning electron microscope photographs. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, ventral view. B, same, showing collar, lateral view. C, collar dorsal margins, lateral view. D, collar dorsal margins and fleshy swelling divided in two by faecal groove, dorsal view. E, fleshy swelling continuous across dorsum. F, elongate, narrowly hooded collar chaetae. G, inferior thoracic notochaetae (broadly hooded, type B). H, thoracic uncini and companion chaetae. I, J, thoracic uncini from specimens with continuous and divided dorsal swellings, respectively. K, L, companion chaetae from specimens with continuous and divided dorsal swelling, respectively. M, midabdominal, narrowly hooded neurochaetae. N, abdominal uncini. O, posterior abdominal chaetigers and pygidium, ventral view. A, B, D, F, G, H, M, N, AM W.36935; C, E, J, L, O, AM W.32018; I, K, AM W.36430.
Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 4. Cross-sections of radioles near the base showing the supporting cartilaginous vacuolated cells in the rachis (with grey nuclei), surrounded by an extracellular cartilaginous sheath (white) and covered by columnar epithelium (grey). Upper side of drawings are the outer margin of radioles; on the bottom incomplete pinnules are sketched with a blood vessel (black) in between. A, Parasabella aberrans spp. complex. B, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota. C, Parasabella fullo. D, Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. E, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex. F, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica. G, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa. H, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov. A, AM W.36947; B, AMW.47009; C, ZMB 5731; D, AM W.46840; E, AM W.47181; F, AM W.36450; G, AM W.36431; H, AM W.47189.
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 1. Maps with collecting sites in Australia. A, Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota, Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. B, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov.
Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 2. Comparison of chaetae from different Parasabella, Sabellomma, and Megalomma species. A–G, thoracic inferior chaetae. A, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex, with type A chaetae (broad hoods and distal ends narrowing abruptly). B–F, type B chaetae (slender hoods and with a progressively tapering distal tip). B, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota. C, Parasabella aberrans spp. complex. D, Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. E, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica. F, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa, G, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov., with type A chaetae. H–M, companion chaetae. H, I, with hoods transversely flattened. H, Megalomma interrupta Capa & Murray, 2009. I, Megalomma phyllisae Capa & Murray, 2009. J, K, with hoods laterally compressed; J, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex. K, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa. L, M, with hoods transversely flattened but with very thin, almost needle-like distal mucro. L, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov., companion chaeate, top view. M, S. cupoculata sp. nov., companion chaeate, side view.
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood topologies. A, cytochrome oxidase 1 fragments. B, internal transcribed spacer fragment. C, combined data set. Bootstrap supports over 75 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood topologies. A, cytochrome oxidase 1 fragments. B, internal transcribed spacer fragment. C, combined data set. Bootstrap supports over 75% shown on nodes. Scale bar, average of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 1 in Molecular data extend Australian Cricotopus midge (Chironomidae) species diversity, and provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for biogeography and freshwater monitoring
Figure 1. Schematic phylogeny based on a majority rule consensus maximum-likelihood (ML) topology for the reduced data set. Relevant nodal support values are shown, which correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap support, respectively; –, nodes unresolved by ML; *, posterior probabilities of 1.00 or bootstrap support of 100. Thick branches denote Australian clades; thin branches are non-Australian taxa. Geographical distributions and tolerances to ecosystem impact for Australian Cricotopus species are shown according to the inset legend, with the forms of divergent species coded based on assumptions made from the current sampled localities.
Using niche centrality within the scope of the nearly neutral theory of evolution to predict genetic diversity in a tropical conifer species-pair
<p><b>Aim:</b> Estimating genetic diversity is key for understanging biogeographic and evolutionary processes. However, gathering genetic information is not feasible for all taxa or populations, particularly in the tropical regions. Identifying proxies for inferring such values has thus become essential. Here, we built on the niche centrality hypothesis (NCH; or central-abundance hypothesis) and the nearly neutral theory of evolution (NNT) to identify some of such proxies using a montane tropical conifer species-pair as model. The NCH predicts more genetic diversity under optimal ecological conditions, which should also allow for more efficient purifying selection, according to the NNT.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> The Transmexican Volcanic Belt, central Mexico.</p> <p><b>Taxa:</b> A fir species-pair endemic to central Mexico,<b> </b><i>Abies flinckii </i>and<i> A. religiosa.</i></p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We estimated patterns of genetic diversity from nuclear SSRs (<i>A</i>, <i>H</i><sub>E</sub>), and gene-coding sequences (<i>π</i><sub>S</sub>, <i>π</i><sub>N</sub>), together with the efficacy of purifying selection, measured as <i>π</i><sub>N</sub>/<i>π</i><sub>S</sub>. After testing for niche overlap, we used several geographic and ecological proxies (i.e. longitude, latitude, elevation, estimated area, and distance to the niche centroid in the present and in the LGM) to predict genetic diversity and <i>π</i><sub>N</sub>/<i>π</i><sub>S</sub> using general linear models.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Populations at the west of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TVB) had lower genetic diversity than populations in the east of this mountain chain. Both species had significant niche overlap. The principal predictors for neutral genetic diversity (<i>H</i><sub>E</sub>, <i>A</i> and <i>π</i><sub>S</sub>) were longitude and latitude, followed by the current distance to the niche centroid; the efficiency of purifying selection was mostly accounted for by the current distance to the niche centroid (which was also correlated to elevation). No correlation was observed between genetic diversity or <i>π</i><sub>N</sub>/<i>π</i><sub>S</sub> and current population area.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Historical and ecological factors have to be taken into account for explaining the amounts of genetic diversity in mountain tropical species. Following the NTT, populations closer to the niche centroid are more efficient at eliminating slightly deleterious mutations than marginal stands, independently of their size or geographical location (longitude). Expanding the central-abundance theory within the scope of the NTT might help reconciling conflicting views concerning the extent of its empirical support.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.