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Figure 1 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 1. Effects of drought stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of drought.
Figure 2 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 2. Effects of salinity stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of salinity.
Cultivated alien plants with high invasion potential are more likely to be traded online in China
<p>Biological invasions have become a worldwide problem, and measures to efficiently prevent and control invasions are still being developed. Like many other parts of the world, China is undergoing a dramatic increase in plant invasions. Most of the currently 933 established (i.e., naturalized) plant species, of which 214 are categorized as invasive, have been introduced into China for cultivation. It is likely that many of those species are still being traded, particularly online, by plant nurseries. However, studies assessing whether naturalized and invasive species are currently being traded more or less than non-naturalized aliens are rare. We extracted online-trade information for 13,718 cultivated alien plant taxa on 1688.com, the largest website for domestic B2B in China. We analyzed how the presence in online-nursery catalogues, the number of online nurseries that offer the species for sale, and the product type (i.e., seeds, live plants and vegetative organs) differed among non-naturalized, naturalized non-invasive and invasive species. Compared to non-naturalized taxa, naturalized non-invasive and invasive taxa were 3.7 to 5.2 times more likely available for sale. Naturalized non-invasive and invasive taxa were more frequently offered as seeds by online nurseries, whereas non-naturalized taxa were more frequently offered as live plants. Based on these findings, we propose that, to reduce the further spread of invasive and potentially invasive plants, implementation of plant-trade regulations and a monitoring system of the online horticultural supply chain will be essential.</p>
Data from: Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India
<p><strong>DESCRIPTION</strong></p><p>This dataset includes vegetation plot data on trees, lianas, understorey plants, and regeneration, and related data and species name matching files in five rainforest sites collected in 2003 as part of the following study:</p><p>MUTHURAMKUMAR, S., AYYAPPAN, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., SELWYN, M. A. & PRAGASAN, L. A. 2006. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x">Plant community structure in tropical rain forest fragments of the Western Ghats, India</a>. <i>Biotropica</i> 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x</p><p>The regeneration data were analysed and presented in the following publication and related dataset:</p><p>OSURI, A. M., CHAKRAVARTHY, D., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., AYYAPPAN, N., MUTHURAMKUMAR, S. & PARTHASARATHY, N. 2017. Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India. <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33(4): 270-284. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">10.1017/S0266467417000219</a></p><p>OSURI, A. M., CHAKRAVARTHY, D., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., AYYAPPAN, N., MUTHURAMKUMAR, S. & PARTHASARATHY, N. 2017. <a href="http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn">Data from: Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India</a>, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn</p><p><br><strong>CONTACTS</strong></p><p>CONTACT #1<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953">T. R. Shankar Raman</a><br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953</p><p>CONTACT #2<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826">Divya Mudappa</a><br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826</p><p>CONTACT #3<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633">Anand M. Osuri</a><br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: aosuri@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633</p><p>CONTACT #4<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557X">N. Ayyappan</a><br>2. Work Address: French Institute of Pondicherry, No. 11, Post Box No. 33, Saint Louis Street, Pondicherry – 605 001, India.<br>3. Work Phone: + 91- 413-2231616<br>4. Email address: ayyappan.n@ifpindia.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557X</p><p>CONTACT #5<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-8499">S. Muthuramkumar</a><br>2. Work Address: V.H.N.S.N. College, 3/151-1, College Road, Virudhunagar - 626001, Tamil Nadu, India.<br>3. Work Phone: + 91-4562-280154<br>4. Email address: muthuramkumar@vhnsnc.edu.in<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-8499</p><p>CONTACT #6<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5441">N. Parthasarathy</a><br>2. Work Address: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, R Venkat Raman Nagar, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India<br>3. Work Phone: + 91-413-2654326<br>4. Email address: parthapu@yahoo.com<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5441</p><p><br><strong>KEYWORDS</strong></p><p>Anamalai hills; biodiversity hotspot; disturbance; endemics; fragmentation; lianas; plant conservation; tree diversity; tropical rain forest; understory plants.</p><p><br><strong>GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India</p><p>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p><p><br><strong>TEMPORAL COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2003-04-30 (Year, Month, Day)</p><p><br><strong>METHODS</strong></p><p>Methods involved systematic vegetation plots for trees, lianans and understorey plants as described in Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 (<i>Biotropica</i> 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x) and for tree and woody regeneration as described in Osuri et al. 2017 (<i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33(4): 270-284. DOI: 10.1017/S0266467417000219). The vegetation sampling methods are briefly described below.</p><p>The present study was conducted in five tropical wet evergreen forest fragments located on the Valparai plateau (Fig. 1): Akkamalai (AK, 2600 ha), Upper Manamboli (UM, 100 ha), Lower Manamboli (LM, 100 ha), Tata Finlay (TF, 32 ha), and Injipara (IP, 18 ha).</p><p>In each site, vegetation was sampled in randomly placed noncontiguous plots of 20 × 20 m located at least 50 m apart and at least 20 m into the fragment interior from the edges, major trails, or roads. We sampled 20 plots each in IP, TF, and LM, and 25 plots each in UM and AK. Within each plot, all trees ≥30cm girth at breast height (gbh, at 1.3 m; corresponding to DBH of 9.55 cm) and lianas ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified to species, counted, and their girth/diameter measured. For multi-stemmed trees bole girths were measured separately, basal area calculated and summed. Each 20 x 20 m plot was divided into four 10 × 10 m quarters.</p><p>For understory plants, 2 × 2 m quadrats were laid at the four corners of the 20 × 20 m plot (one in each of the corresponding four quarters) and all shrubs, undershrubs, herbs, ferns, and small twiners found within the quadrats were enumerated and identified. The regeneration sampling was done in a 5 × 5-m plot (0.0025 ha) placed at the outer corner of the first (south-west) quarter of the 20 x 20 m plot. Within each regeneration plot, we identified, counted and measured all tree saplings >1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh, at 1.3 m) and <9.55 cm dbh (equivalent to <30 cm girth at breast height, gbh). Woody shrubs of 1–9.55 cm dbh were alsorecorded in the regeneration plots (but these were excluded in the Osuri et al. 2017 analysis).</p><p>For vegetatively propagating plants a clump of stems that is basally connected was considered as one individual. Canopy height was measured with a range finder and canopy closure was measured using a spherical densiometer. Vouchers were identified with regional flora and confirmed with the Western Ghats collections available in the herbarium of Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, from our previous works in the region.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ACKNOLWEDGEMENTS</strong></p><p>Funders and other supporters of the research are acknowledged in the original publications. The compilation and publication of this dataset was carried out as part of an NCF project supported by Fondation Franklinia.</p><p><br><strong>FILES INCLUDED</strong></p><p>Besides the 00_README.txt file that contains this metadata, the dataset includes the following 11 files, whose details and contents are explained below.</p><p><br><strong>01_all_sites.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains details of the five study sites (three continuous forest and two forest fragment sites).<br> <br><i>Note</i>: Current Name of TF (Tata Finlay) site is Old Valparai, current name of Akkamalai (AK) is Iyerpadi-Akkamalai complex. Sites and codes correspond to the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>eventDate: Date range when sampling was carried out in the sites<br>old_sitename: Name of the site as used in the Muthuramkumar et al. (2006) paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x)<br>sitecode: Site code as used in the Muthuramkumar et al. (2006) paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x)<br>site: Site name as at present and used in this dataset<br>decimalLatitude: latitude in decimal degrees North<br>decimalLongitude: longitude in decimal degrees East<br>geodeticDatum: Geodetic Datum WGS 84<br>coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: Uncertainty in metres of the GPS location (as only one location available for entire site where points were distributed)<br>type: Indicates whether site was continuous rainforest or rainforest fragment<br>Area_ha: Area in hectares<br>Altitude_min_m: Minimum altitude in metres of sampled plots<br>Altitude_max_m: Maximum altitude in metres of sampled plots<br>Ownership: Whether site is in privately owned land or within state-protected reserve<br>Average_canopy_height_m: average canopy height in metres<br>Canopy_closure_%: estimated canopy closure in percentage<br>Nearby_plantations: Adjoining plantations</p><p><br><strong>02_all_trees_adult_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of all adult trees >= 30 cm girth at breast height of 1.3 m (gbh) recorded within 20 m x 20 m plots across three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Same as in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn), with <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> added back in Injipara and data from one additional site (Manamboli Lower) added back from the original dataset corresponding to the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).<br> <br><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 10m x 10m quarters within each adult plot<br>t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual tree within each site.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>gbh_1 to gbh_16: Girth at breast height of single- (gbh_1) and multi-stemmed (gbh_2 – gbh_16) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm)<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>03_all_liana_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of all lianas >= 1 cm diameter at breast height of 1.3 m (dbh) recorded within 20 m x 20 m plots across three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Lianas were not included in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn).</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 10m x 10m quarters within each adult plot<br>t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual tree within each site.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Indicated as NA since these data were not used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>dbh_1 to dbh_11: Diameter at breast height of single- (dbh_1) and multi-stemmed (dbh_2 – dbh_11) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm) <br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>04_all_herbs_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of all understorey plants (shrubs, undershrubs, herbs, ferns, and small twiners) recorded in 2 m × 2 m quadrats laid at the four corners of each 20 m × 20 m plot in three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Understorey plants were not included in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https: //doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn).</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m plot within each site<br>corner_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 2 m x 2 m quadrat laid at the four corners of the 20 m x 20 m plot<br>t_no: A number assigned to each individual species recorded within the corner plot.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Indicated as NA since these data were not used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>count: Number of individuals counted (for vegetatively propagating plants a clump of stems that was basally connected was considered as one individual)<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>05_all_regeneration_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of woody seedlings and saplings (1-5 cm diameter at breast height at 1.3 m, dbh) and larger-stemmed trees (>5 cm dbh) recorded within single 5 m x 5 m regeneration plots nested within 20 m x 20 m plots. Plots were located in three continuous forests and two forest fragments. Data were filtered during analysis in Osuri et al. (2017, <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i>) to retain only seedling and saplings, defined as individuals with effective diameter <=5 cm.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Same as in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset, with <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> added back in Injipara from original dataset; and data from one additional site (Manamboli Lower) added back from the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 dataset.<br> <br><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: The 5 m x 5 m plot was placed in the SW corner of the 20 m x 20 m plot in this q_no which indicates one of the four 10 m x 10 m quarters of the 20 m x 20 m plot, where each quarter was given a unique number in each site<br>t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual seedling, sapling or tree within each site.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (for full species names refer to 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology </i>33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>dbh_1 to dbh_12: Diameter at breast height of single- (dbh_1) and multi-stemmed (dbh_2 – dbh_12) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm) <br>eff_dbh: Effective diameter at breast height (cm)- calculated as ((dbh)^2 +(dbh_1)^2 +...+(dbh_12)^2)^(1/2),<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>06_all_canopy_readings.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains canopy-related measurements taken in each 20 m × 20 m plot in three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Units of light meter reading were not recorded</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>reading: A number assigned to the 1 to 4 readings taken in each plot<br>light: Light measurement taken with a light meter in the plot<br>canopy_openness: Canopy openness (scored from 0-100%) using a spherical densiometer (Canopy cover = 100 - canopy openness)<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>07_all_extracanopy_trees_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of additional trees outside the 5 x 5 m plot whose canopy was overhead of the plot.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Species codes are used to denote presence (not count of stems) of that species in the overhead canopy.</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: The 5 m x 5 m plot was placed in the SW corner of the 20 m x 20 m plot in this q_no which indicates one of the four 10 m x 10 m quarters of the 20 m x 20 m plot, where each quarter was given a unique number in each site<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (for full species names refer to 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in J<i>ournal of Tropical Ecology </i>33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>08_all_species_names.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: This file provides species codes and species scientific names as originally used in the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x), and as matched with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) species name matching tool</p><p><i>Note</i>: For plots that had no species occurrences (old_code = No herbs, Noliana), NA has been used for other columns</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>group: Code indicating main dataset group where species occurs (tree and regeneration data, liana data, understorey plants data)<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to traits data file for full species names)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes if used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) or else indicated as NA<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>original_name: Scientific name of plant species as used at the time of the original publication (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006)<br>original_fullname: Scientific name and authorship of plant species as used at the time of the original publication (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006)<br>original_family: Family of the plant species as used at the time of original publication<br>GBIFname: Scientific name as matched by GBIF species name matching tool<br>key: GBIF name matching tool key number<br>matchType: Type of match<br>confidence: Confidence returned by name matching tool<br>status: Whether accepted name or synonym<br>rank: Taxanomic rank (level) to which identified<br>kingdom: Taxonomic Kingdom<br>phylum: Taxonomic Phylum<br>class: Taxonomic Class<br>order: Taxonomic Order<br>family: Taxonomic Family<br>genus: Taxonomic Genus<br>species: Taxonomic Species<br>canonicalName: Canonical part of scientific name matched by GBIF<br>authorship: Authorship of scientific name matched by GBIF<br>scientificName: Current scientific name (from species, genus, or family columns)</p><p><br><strong>09_tabula_Biotropica_appendix1.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: This file contains tabled values extracted from Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper in Biotropica (DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x); extraction from PDF carried out using Tabula software (https://tabula.technology/)</p><p><i>Note</i>: Last 5 columns contain total abundance (count of individuals/stems) in the corresponding site.</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>slno: serial number<br>habit: Plant habit indicating trees, lianas, or understorey plants<br>species: species name as used in Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006<br>asterisk: species endemic to Western Ghats are indicated by an asterisk (∗ ), and invasive species by double asterisk (∗∗ ).<br>voucher_number: voucher number of herbarium specimen deposited in the herbarium of Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, India.<br>family: plant family as in Appendix 1<br>Iyerpadi-Akkamalai: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Manamboli_Upper: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Manamboli_Lower: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Old_Valparai: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Injipara: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site</p><p><br><strong>10_Muthuramkumar et al 2006_Abstract and Appendix 1_extract_Biotropica.pdf</strong></p><p>Extracted PDF of first page with Abstract and Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 (DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).</p><p><br><strong>11_figure_1_Biotropica_paper.jpg</strong></p><p>JPEG image of Figure 1 (map of study area) from the following publication:<br>MUTHURAMKUMAR, S., AYYAPPAN, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., SELWYN, M. A. & PRAGASAN, L. A. 2006. Plant community structure in tropical rain forest fragments of the Western Ghats, India. Biotropica 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x</p>
Text-fig. 1. Locality map and Keshin Formation section at Cape Tsvetkov, East Taimyr (after Kazakov et al. 2002). 1 – tuff conglomerate, 2 – sandstone, 3 – grained siltstone, 4 – siltstone, 5 – mudstone, 6 – foraminifers, 7 – conchostracans, 8 – plant megafossils, 9 – locality of described plants, 10 – Tsvetkov Cape (East Taimyr). in Taimyria Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of Evolutionary Advanced Gymnosperms From Triassic Of The Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
Text-fig. 1. Locality map and Keshin Formation section at Cape Tsvetkov, East Taimyr (after Kazakov et al. 2002). 1 – tuff conglomerate, 2 – sandstone, 3 – grained siltstone, 4 – siltstone, 5 – mudstone, 6 – foraminifers, 7 – conchostracans, 8 – plant megafossils, 9 – locality of described plants, 10 – Tsvetkov Cape (East Taimyr).
Dataset: Remotely sensed soil moisture can capture dynamics relevant to plant water uptake
<p><strong>Dataset Description</strong><br> Stable isotope water uptake profiles were consulted across 45 datasets to determine the primary zone of root water uptake ("Uptake Range Top" to "Uptake Range Bottom"), whether the uptake increases in proportion nearer to the surface ("Decay of Water Uptake With Depth"), and whether uptake temporarily switches to shallow soils ("Temporary Uptake of Upper Layers"). More details on the data collection are shared in our Water Resources Research publication (in revision).</p> <p>Correlation length scales, or the effective depth of representation of L-band satellite soil moisture, are estimates in Short Gianotti et al. 2019 using SMAP surface soil moisture and GPM precipitation retrievals.</p> <p><strong>Citations</strong><br> Those that use the stable isotope table are asked to cite our Water Resources Research publication (in revision) as well as the 45 references contributing to the table.<br> Those that use the correlation length scale dataset are asked to cite:<br> Short Gianotti, D.J., Salvucci, G.D., Akbar, R., McColl, K.A., Cuenca, R., Entekhabi, D., 2019. Landscape water storage and subsurface correlation from satellite surface soil moisture and precipitation observations. Water Resour. Res. 9111–9132. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr025332</p>
Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)
<p><span><strong>Premise</strong>:</span><span> Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread non-endemic species living on island populations. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> We used the widespread plant <em>Tribulus</em> <em>cistoides</em> (Zygophyllaceae) to test phenotypic divergence in traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators and how this is explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and field-collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between continental and island populations. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> Fruits from island populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower spines on mericarps was lower on islands. The presence of spines was largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</span><span> <em>Tribulus</em> <em>cistoides</em> exhibits phenotypic divergence between island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defence) and mutualistic traits (floral traits). Further, the evolution of phenotypic traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions depended on the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on a globally distributed species to test phenotypic divergence on island habitats.</span></p>
Contrasting genome-wide signatures of selection in two closely related Epichloe plant pathogen species
<p>Deposited here composite plots for each species, each pairwise population combination and each of the seven chromosomes as shown and referred to in the manuscript.</p> <p>The filename contains [species abbrevation]_[chromosome number]_[population 1]_[population 2]. Chromosome-wide SNP data and sweeps identified for the population pair are shown. The top panel shows pairwise FST values, averaged across 5kb windows. Shaded rectangles represent the locations of AT-rich regions. The second panel shows the absolute values of the integrated haplotype score (iHS) calculated at each SNP locus for which the ancestral allele state was known. Scores for pop1 are shown at the top and scores for pop2 are negatively transformed and showed at the bottom. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the 99.9% percentile threshold which was used as a cutoff to identify outlier SNPs and inferred iHS sweeps are shown as shaded rectangles. The third panel shows the cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) scores calculated between the two populations. Dashed lines indicate 99.9% percentile threshold which was used as a cutoff to identify outlier SNPs and inferred divergent sweeps are shown as shaded rectangles. Positive and negative XP-EHH values refer to the direction of selection: positive values indicate selection in pop1 negative values indicate selection in pop2. In the bottom panel, composite likelihood ratio (CLR) scores are plotted for pop1 (black) and pop2 (blue), colored dashed lines indicate respective 99.9% threshold and colored rectangles highlight inferred CLR-sweeps.</p>
Differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict affect post-pollination reproductive isolation in a flowering plant
<p>Mating system shifts from outcrossing to selfing are frequent in plant evolution. Relative to outcrossing, selfing is associated with reduced parental conflict over seed provisioning, which may result in postzygotic, asymmetric, reproductive isolation in crosses between populations of different mating systems. To test the hypothesis that post-pollination reproductive isolation between populations increases with increasing differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict, we performed a crossing experiment involving all combinations of three self-compatible populations (with low outcrossing rates), and three self-incompatible populations (with high outcrossing rates) of the arctic-alpine herb Arabis alpina, assessing fitness-related seed and plant traits of the progeny. Predicted levels of parental conflict ("genome strength") were quantified based on strength of self-incompatibility and estimates of outcrossing rates. Crosses between self-compatible and self-incompatible populations yielded very small seeds of low viability, resulting in strong reproductive isolation. In 14 of 15 reciprocal between-population crosses, seeds were heavier when the paternal plant had the stronger genome, and seed mass differences between cross directions increased with an increased difference in parental conflict. Overall, our results suggest that, when sufficiently large, differences in mating system and hence in expected parental conflict may result in strong post-pollination reproductive barriers contributing to speciation.</p>
Fig. 7. Saxicolella futa. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 7. Saxicolella futa. A habit; B three flowering or fruiting ► shoots at root terminal-bifurcations; C, D undehisced spathellum with shoot and root; E flower, part emerged from spathellum; F flower in spathellum, gynoecium removed, showing tepals, gynophore and stamen; G gynoecium; H ovary wall in transverse section showing ribs; J variation in stigmata; K seed, hydrated; L reconstruction of complete flower (based on E – G). A from photo by cheek at chute de Sal'aa. B – D, G – F from Cheek 18979. (K); E & F from Cheek 18980 (K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 4. Saxicolella nana. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 4. Saxicolella nana. A stem with two leafy shoots with spathellae; B placenta from fruit covered in seeds; C habit sketch showing disc-like root and centrally inserted leaf rosettes; D shoot with dehisced spathellum and flower at anthesis (right), detail of stamen (left); E dyad pollen grain; F flower showing pedicel, tepals and gynophore (stamen removed); G transverse section of ovary. All from Mildbraed 7749a (B). ALL DRAWN BY JOSEF POHL (original for illustration in the protologue, attached to the holotype B).
Fig. 6. Saxicolella deniseae. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 6. Saxicolella deniseae. A habit; B distal portion of one root, with marginal sessile shoots; C detail of B showing the fruiting shoots; D unopened spathellum; E distal leaf rib; F shoot with opening spathellum; G & H shoots with flowers at anthesis; J & K fruit with persistent floral parts; L fruit with one valve removed showing seeds on the placenta; M fruit, transverse section. A from photo in habitat of and B – L from Molmou 1383. DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 2. Saxicolella ijim A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 2. Saxicolella ijim A habit, showing crustose, disc-like root with radiating marginal lobes and centrally originating aerial stems; B side-branch, fruiting; C axillary, fruiting shoot; D unopened spathellum; E flower at anthesis, partly concealed in spathellum; F & G flowers at anthesis; H fruiting shoot, one valve removed to show seeds on placenta; J transverse section of fruit, showing absence of commissural ribs. From Cheek et al. 9920 (K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 3. Saxicolella angola. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 3. Saxicolella angola. A fruiting plant; B, C apices of two stems showing terminal clusters of leaves, spathellae and fruits; D flower, post-anthetic (anther empty); E two spathellae, one with dehisced fruit showing spindle-like placenta and a single seed attached; F transverse section of fruit (slightly distorted by compression). All from Gossweiler 9428 (holotype K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 5. Saxicolella marginalis. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 5. Saxicolella marginalis. A habit, flowering plant; B detail of flowering rosette shoots; C flower inside spathellum before anthesis; D flower at anthesis, spathellum opened. From Keay in FHI 25152. DRAWN BY MARGARET STONES. Originally published in Taylor (1954) as Butumia marginalis G.Taylor © the estate of Margaret Stones.
List of non-naturalized plant species present in France extracted from Pl@ntNet data (exotic ornamental and cultivated plants in particular).
<p>This dataset contains the list of plant species that have been observed on the French territory using the <a href="https://plantnet.org/">Pl@ntNet </a>application and that are NOT know as being either native or naturalized according to Kew's Plants of the World Online repository (<a href="https://powo.science.kew.org/">POWO</a>). Such species are typically exotic species managed by humans in anthropized environments such as guardens, houses or cultivated areas. This includes commercialized plants for various usage such as ornemental plants, eatable plants, phytotherapy, etc. The list contains 5,589 species, each associated with its scientific name and the number of valid Pl@ntNet observations of that species geo-localized in the metropolitan French territory. </p>
AC efficiency of GrInHy2.0 electrolysis plant (incl. compressor)
<p>AC efficiency [%] of the GrInHy2.0 electrolysis system incl. compressor unit (compression to ~10 bar), with respect to lower heating value of produced hydrogen: eta_{el,plant} = m\dot * H_i / (P_{el,HTE}+P_{el,Compr}), heat intake not included as energy input.</p> <p>Time: May 2021 - October 2022</p>
Perception and appreciation of plant biodiversity among experts and laypeople
<p>Main dataset for the paper „Perception and appreciation of plant biodiversity among experts and laypeople”, by Eva Breitschopf and Kari Anne Bråthen</p>
Transient recording of hydrogen flow within GrInHy2.0 electrolyser plant
<p>Transient hydrogen flow in Nm^3/h within the battery limit of the GrInHy2.0 electrolysis plant and on interface to grid. Cycle: Partial load and start/stop from hot-standby operation over approx. 4 hours.</p>
Data from: Dispersal and establishment traits provide a colonization advantage for a polyploid apomictic plant
<p><span><strong>Premise</strong>: Apomictic plants (reproducing asexually through seed) often have larger ranges and occur at higher latitudes than closely related sexuals, a pattern known as geographical parthenogenesis (GP). Explanations for GP include differences in colonizing ability due to reproductive assurance and direct/indirect effects of polyploidy (most apomicts are polyploid) on ecological tolerances. While life history traits associated with dispersal and establishment also contribute to the potential for range expansion, few studies compare these traits in related apomicts and sexuals. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>: We investigated differences in early life history traits between diploid-sexual and polyploid-apomictic <em>Townsendia hookeri </em>(Asteraceae), which displays a classic pattern of GP. Using lab and greenhouse experiments, we measured seed dispersal traits, germination success, and seedling size and survival in sexual and apomictic populations from across the range. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Key Results</strong>: While theory predicts that trade-offs between dispersal and establishment traits should be common, this was largely not the case in <em>T. hookeri</em>. Apomictic seeds had both lower terminal velocity (staying aloft longer when dropped) and higher germination success than sexual seeds. While there were no differences in seedling size between reproductive types, apomicts did, however, have slightly lower seedling survival than sexuals. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These differences in early life history traits, combined with reproductive assurance conferred by apomixis, suggest that apomicts achieve a greater range through advantages in their ability to both spread and establish. </span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.