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763 results for “Antioxidant”
Data from: Experimental inhibition of a key cellular antioxidant affects vocal communication
1.There is substantial interest of evolutionary ecologists in the proximate mechanisms that modulate vocal communication. In recent times, there has been growing interest in the role of oxidative stress as a mediator of avian song expression. 2.Here we tested whether the experimental inhibition of the synthesis of a key cellular antioxidant (glutathione) reduces song rate metrics of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). We measured the effect of our treatment on total song rate and on its two components, undirected and nest-box oriented song, outside the breeding season. 3.Treated males that did not own a nest-box (subordinate males likely to be of lower quality) suffered increased oxidative stress relative to untreated males, while treated males that owned a nest-box (dominant males likely to be of higher quality) did not. Treated non-owners also reduced their undirected song rate, whereas treated nest-box owners did not suffer any reduction in song rate. 4.Our results revealed that inhibition of a key cellular antioxidant results in decreased vocal communication in a social vertebrate, and that this effect is dependent on its social status (nest-box owner versus non-owner). 5.This work provides support for the hypothesis that acoustic signals may honestly convey information about the individual oxidative status and capacity to regulate the oxidative balance. Our findings raise the possibility of hitherto unexplored impacts of oxidative stress on fitness traits in social species.
Data from: Analysis of phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties in non-polar extracts of Magnolia virginiana L. flowers from Saudi Arabia
<div> <p><em><span>Magnolia virginiana</span></em><span> (<em>M. virginiana</em>) L., a native North American plant, is globally cultivated for shade and ornamental purposes, including in Saudi Arabia. This study analyzed the chemical diversity and biological activity of non-polar extracts (n-hexane and diethyl ether) from <em>M. virginiana</em> flowers. The major components identified by </span><span>gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis were aromatic and aliphatic esters, triterpenes, steroids, and phenolic acids. The total phenolic content (TPC) of n-hexane and diethyl ether extracts was determined to be 29.66 and 29.44 mGAE/g, respectively. The extracts showed strong antioxidant activity, with the diethyl ether extract having more reducing power than the <em>n</em>-hexane extract. The diethyl ether extract also showed greater Trolox equivalent values in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, but the n-hexane extract exhibited higher metal chelating activity (MCA) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-SA) levels. The diethyl ether extract displayed stronger antimicrobial potential than the <em>n</em>-hexane extract, particularly against <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em>, with a zone of inhibition diameter (ZID) of 20.0 ± 0.3 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biocidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values were 0.78, 1.56, 1.56, and 3.125 mg/mL, respectively. </span></p> </div>
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC OILS FOR GROUND EQUIPMENT
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Cultivar and harvest time of almonds modify the antioxidant and nutritional profile of almonds through gut microbiota modifications (Supplementary materials)
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Figure 1 from: Surya R, Amalia N, Gunawan WB, Taslim NA, Ghafoor M, Mayulu N, Hardinsyah H, Abdi Syahputra R, Kartawidjajaputra F, Rizzo G, Tjandrawinata RR, Subali D, Kurniawan R, Nurkolis F (2024) Tempe as superior functional antioxidant food: From biomechanism to future development of soybean-based functional food. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116748
Figure 1 Proposed-biomechanism of tempe on the modulation of cellular antioxidant status via the Nrf2- dependent signaling pathway. Abbreviations: 3HAA: 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid; AKT: protein kinase B; ARE: antioxidant response element; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; IFAs: isoflavone aglycones; IFGs: isoflavone glycosides; Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RTK: receptor tyrosine kinase; SOD: superoxide dismutase.
Figure 4 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517
Figure 4 DPPH radical scavenging activity of L. ovalifolium extracts. Ascorbic acid is the positive control in this assay. Results are expressed as means of three independent experiments (bars) ± SEM (lines).
Figure 1 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517
Figure 1 The antiproliferative activity of L. ovalifolium extracts against (A) T47D cell line (B) MDA-MB-231 cell line (C) HeLa cell line (D) Caco-2 cell line (E) PC3 cell line (F) EMT6/P cell line (G) Fibroblast cell line. Results are expressed as means of three independent experiments (bars) ± SEM (lines).
Supplementary material 1 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517
Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves ethyl acetate extract LCMS results
Figure 3 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517
Figure 3 L. ovalifolium ethyl acetate extract effect on tumor size and cure percentage. Compared to the control group, treating tumor-bearing mice with L. ovalifolium has reduced tumor size and improved the cure percentage. (n=9 per group).
Figure 3 from: AlNaimat S, Abu-Odeh A, Talib WH (2024) Anticancer and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Chiliadenus iphionoides from Jordan: in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116195
Figure 3 A plot of change in average tumor size (mm3) vs. time in (days) of treatment iEMT6/P (p < 0.05) compared to the control group
Figure 5 from: AlNaimat S, Abu-Odeh A, Talib WH (2024) Anticancer and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Chiliadenus iphionoides from Jordan: in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116195
Figure 5 Effect of C. iphionoides treatment on serum levels of (A) Creatinine and (B) ALT, AST. Serum creatinine level is expressed in mg/dL, and concentrations of ALT and AST are expressed by IU/L. Mice were treated with (60 mg/kg/ day) of essential oil. Results are expressed as means (bars) ± SEM (lines). ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase.
Figure 2 from: AlNaimat S, Abu-Odeh A, Talib WH (2024) Anticancer and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Chiliadenus iphionoides from Jordan: in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116195
Figure 2 Antiproliferative activity of essential oil of C. iphionoides on MDA-MB- 231, T47, A549, EMT6, Vero cell lines
Figure 4 from: AlNaimat S, Abu-Odeh A, Talib WH (2024) Anticancer and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Chiliadenus iphionoides from Jordan: in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116195
Figure 4 Effect of C. iphionoides essential oil on tumor size and cure percentage. Treatment with C. iphionoides essential oil reduced tumor size and increased cure percentage compared to the negative control. (N = 9 mice) in each group.
Figure 2 from: Mahmod AI, Oqal M, Khalid AM, Afifi FU, Talib WH (2024) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of Ligustrum ovalifolium leaves grown in Jordan: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacia 71: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e111517
Figure 2 A plot verifying the changes in average tumor size (mm³) vs time (days) of treatment with L. ovalifolium ethyl acetate extract in Balb/C mice inoculated with the EMT6/P cell line.
Figure 3 from: Andri Deswati D, Anggadiredja K, Nuryanti Garmana A (2024) Potent antioxidant activity of black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) leaf extract and fractions. Pharmacia 71: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117435
Figure 3 Results of antioxidant activity test using FRAP. The activity is represented by reducing power.
Figure 2 from: Andri Deswati D, Anggadiredja K, Nuryanti Garmana A (2024) Potent antioxidant activity of black grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) leaf extract and fractions. Pharmacia 71: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117435
Figure 2 Results of antioxidant activity test using ABTS (A) and DPPH (B). The activity is represented by IC50.
Figure 3 from: Suciati S, Laili ER, Haula H, Tumewu L, Nuengchamnong N, Suphrom N, Widyawaruyanti A (2024) Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaves and stem extracts of Artocarpus sericicarpus. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112499
Figure 3 Base peak chromatograms (BPC) of the a. leaves and b. stem ethanolic extracts of A. sericicarpus.
Figure 1 from: Suciati S, Laili ER, Haula H, Tumewu L, Nuengchamnong N, Suphrom N, Widyawaruyanti A (2024) Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaves and stem extracts of Artocarpus sericicarpus. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112499
Figure 1 Concentration-dependent response of A. sericicarpus extracts against AChE (a) and BChE (b); each value is expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). LE : leaves ethanolic extract; LW: leaves water extract; SE: stem ethanolic extract; SW: stem water extract
Figure 4 from: Suciati S, Laili ER, Haula H, Tumewu L, Nuengchamnong N, Suphrom N, Widyawaruyanti A (2024) Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaves and stem extracts of Artocarpus sericicarpus. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112499
Figure 4 Molecular networking of the compounds from the leaves and stem extracts of A. sericicarpus (a) with expansion of selected clusters (b).
Figure 2 from: Suciati S, Laili ER, Haula H, Tumewu L, Nuengchamnong N, Suphrom N, Widyawaruyanti A (2024) Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaves and stem extracts of Artocarpus sericicarpus. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112499
Figure 2 Radical scavenging effect of A. sericicarpus extracts in DPPH (a) and ABTS (b) assays; each value is expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). LE : leaves ethanolic extract; LW: leaves water extract; SE: stem ethanolic extract; SW: stem water extract.
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