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369 results for “Cranial morphology”
Fig. 6 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads
Fig. 6 Phylogenetic tree of 50 toad species in the tribe Bufonini with cranial kinesis character states (CKs) plotted over the tree (for details see text). The values of CKs range from 1.5 (in deep red) indicating a flexible skull to 5 indicating a rigid skull (in deep blue), with inter-
Plate 3 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 3 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) (LACM 23844) and Custer (Montana) (MOR 008). Fig. 1. Anterior part of left nasal of MOR 008 in lateral view, showing the prominent nasal rugosities. Fig. 2. Left jugal of LACM 23844 in lateral view. Fig.3. Left jugal of LACM 23844 in medial view. Part of the medial wall of the vertical internal canal is missing, revealing the vertical canal. Scale bars 10 cm.
FIG. 32. Digital 3D in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 32. Digital 3D reconstructions of the osseous labyrinths of Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, Tetramerorhinus lucarius AMNH VP-9245, Tapirus indicus AMNH M-200300, Ceratotherium simum AMNH M-51882, and Equus caballus AMNH M-204155 (above and on opposite page), in lateral, ventral, and dorsal views. In each ventral view, arrow indicates position of fenestra cochleae.
FIG. 28 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 28. Homalodotherium sp. MPM PV 17490, oblique caudoventral aspect. Patterson (1934a) claimed that in this taxon a carotid foramen existed on bulla's caudal surface, lying close to jugular area of basicapsular fenestra. In this specimen, only transbullar aperture in this location (asterisk) is very small and more readily interpreted as a canaliculus for tympanic nerve. If adult Homalodotherium possessed an intact internal carotid artery at all (see p. 114), it must have entered endocranium through exposed rostral part of basicapsular fenestra (not visible from this angle), as in Toxodon (see fig. 29). Note fully caudal position of posttemporal foramen, as in other notoungulates (cf. fig. 30).
FIG. 33 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 33. Stapes in selected members of comparative set. Top: Digital 3-D reconstruction of left stapes of Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 3208 in A, medial; B, tympanic; C, lateral; D, vestibular views. E, Dislocated stapes lodged in vestibule of left osseous labyrinth of MACN A 3208 (note scale). Bottom: Left stapes of Tapirus indicus (F) and Equus caballus (G) in medial and distal views (after Fleischer, 1973: figs. 48, 49). All to same scale as Astrapotherium.
FIG. 17 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 17. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, transverse segments through caudal cranium in rostrocaudal sequence (on this and opposite page). Note different scales. In A, external acoustic canal bordered by epitympanic sinus, retroarticular canal. In B, closely spaced segments depict trajectory of channel (prootic canal) for lateral head vein/prootic sinus, which typically opens into tympanic cavity on margin of secondary facial foramen (asterisks). In C, asterisk marks distal part of intratympanic sulcus for
FIG. 16 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 16. Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, parasagittal segments through caudal cranium, from lateral to medial. A, prootic canal traceable from temporal sinus within endocranium to track of facial nerve in tympanic cavity (see fig. 17). B, large vacuity dorsal to petrosal formed by confluence of posttemporal canal and sulcus for temporal sinus. C, channels for accessory lacunae of transverse sinus and sinus communicans housed in calvarial bones.
FIG. 18 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 18. Cochilius volvens AMNH-VP 29651, left auditory region in slightly oblique ventral aspect. A, virtual horizontal slice through reconstructed left auditory region, with bulla digitally removed. B, same specimen, skull intact (stereopair). Bulla shifted slightly out of position post mortem, as it would normally cover caudal portion of basicapsular fenestra. Entotympanic-ectotympanic suture fully visible running parasagitally across bullar surface (see MacPhee, 2014). Key: 1, basisphenoid surface articulating with rostromedial portion of expanded bulla; 2, caudal aperture of pterygoid canal; 3, groove for greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves; 4, transclival foramina in basioccipital; 5, groove connecting transclival foramen with small foramen in basioccipital-basisphenoid synchondrosis. In A, asterisks identify continuous basicapsular fenestra, covered by bulla in intact skull except for jugular area and foramen ovale. Dorsal wing of entotympanic (ENT) forms "medial flange," roofing over space between promontorium and medial bullar wall. For adital connection between epitympanic sinus and tympanic cavity, see figures 16 and 17.
FIG. 38 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
FIG. 38. Tapirus, selected basicranial features in subadult and adult specimens on this and facing page. A, T . terrestris AMNH M-77576 (adult), caudal cranium in ventral aspect; B, T . indicus AMNH M-130108 (adult), segment through articular process of tegmen tympani; C, D, T . indicus AMNH M-200300 (subadult), isolated right petrosal in lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) aspects; E, F, T . indicus AMNH M-200300, isolated left ectotympanic (stereopair) in oblique medial (top) and oblique lateral (bottom) aspects. Key: 1, incisura ovalis; 2, incisura carotidis; 3, rostral (piriform) and caudal (jugular) portions of continuous basicapsular fenestra; 4, incomplete "canal" for internal carotid artery; 5, prominent groove for
Figure 4 in Cranial morphology and dietary habits of rodents
Figure 4. Thin-plate splines corresponding to maximum observed deformations along each relative warp axis for the dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of the skull.
Figure 12 in Cranial morphology of Bachia bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) and its postnatal development
Figure 12. Anterior braincase region showing the orbitosphenoid growth, the ossification of the trabecular cartilage, and trabecula communis at different ontogenetic stages. A, neonate (ventral view, UIS-R-1452). B, juvenile (ventral view, UIS-R-1438). C, adult (dorsal view, UIS-R-1453). Key: II, optic foramen notch; or, orbitosphenoid; pf, pituitary fossa; rtp, rostral process; tc, trabecular cartilage; tcm, trabecula communis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 5 in Cranial morphology of Bachia bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) and its postnatal development
Figure 5. Posterior view of the region anterior to the orbit in a partially disarticulated skull. Key: ecp, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; lf, lacrimal foramen; m, maxilla; ornf, orbitonasal fenestra; paf, maxillary posterior alveolar foramen; pl, palatine; plp, prefrontal palatine process; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; tl, transverse lamina; vp, frontal ventral process. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 7 in Cranial morphology of Bachia bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) and its postnatal development
Figure 7. Adult otico-occipital region, from partially disarticulated skulls. A, dorsal view (UIS-R-1446). B, lateral view (UIS-R-1446). C, internal view (UIS-R-1448), the right prootic and the otooccipital are visible. Dashed lines indicate the sutures between the neurocranial elements in (A) and (B), and the hidden basipterygoid extremes in (A). Key: aaf, anterior auditory foramen; alc, alar crest; asc, anterior semicircular canal; ar, acoustic recess; bap, basipterygoid process; basap, basisphenoid anterior process; bsc, basisphenoid dorsal crest; ca, columella; cs, crista sellaris; fm, foramen magnum; fo, foramen ovale; fr, foramen rotundum; II, optic notch; icf, internal carotid artery foramen; ifvc, internal foramen for the vidian canal; oc, occipital condyle; or, orbitosphenoid; paf, posterior auditory foramen; paocp, paroccipital process; pasc, supraoccipital processus ascendens; pc, prootic crest; pfvc, posterior foramen for the vidian canal; pl, perilymphatic foramen; plag, prominence for the lagenar cavity; psc, posterior semicircular canal; pu, prominence of the utricule; pvc, prominence of the vestibular cavity; rt, rostral processes; rtp, rostral process; rvj, recessus vena jugularis; soc, supraoccipital transversal crest; soct, spheno-occipital tubercle; V, trigeminal notch; vc, vestibular cavity; VI, foramen for abducens; VII, facial foramen; X, vagal foramen; XII, hypoglossal foramina. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 3. Maxilla and premaxilla. A in Cranial morphology of Bachia bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) and its postnatal development
Figure 3. Maxilla and premaxilla. A, maxilla, dorsal view. B, premaxilla, anterior view. C, premaxilla, lateral view. Key: amp, anteromedial process; alp, anterolateral process; hc, horizontal crest; lp, lateral process; mp, maxillary process; mps, maxillary palatal shelf; np, nasal process; pa, posterior alveolar foramen; pps, premaxillary palatal shelf. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 12 in Cranial morphology of Platypterygius longmani Wade, 1990 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia
Figure 12. Basicranial region elements of Platypterygius longmani Wade, 1990. Opisthotic (AM F98273) in (A) anterior, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral views. Stapes (AM F98273) in (D) anterior, (E) dorsal and (F) ventral views. Scale bars for A–F = 20 mm.
Figure 11 in Cranial morphology of Platypterygius longmani Wade, 1990 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia
Figure 11. Basicranial elements of Platypterygius longmani Wade, 1990. Basisphenoid (AM F116940) in (A) dorsal, (B) lateral and (C) ventral views. Parasphenoid (AM F98273) in (D) dorsal, (E) lateral and (F) ventral views. Scale bars for A–C = 40 mm, D–F = 20 mm.
Figure 6 in Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite
Figure 6. Skulls and mandibles of four individuals of Paramachairodus ogygia from Batallones-1. A, B-847. B, B-4322. C, B-4778. D, B-7022.
Figure 7 in Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite
Figure 7. Development of the atlas wings in dorsal view. A, Panthera pardus. B, Paramachairodus ogygia, a specimen with an associated axis, before preparation. C, Smilodon fatalis from Rancho La Brea (modified from Merriam & Stock, 1932).
Figure 3 in Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite
Figure 3. Anatomical disposition of the muscles brachiocephalicus (Br.), obliquus capitis anterior (Ob. Cap. Ant.) and obliquus capitis posterior (Ob. Cap. Post.) in Felinae and Machairodontinae. A, Panthera leo. B, Homotherium latidens (artwork by M. Antón).
Figure 3. Cranial character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 3. Cranial character states. A, lateral view of a Hexaprotodon liberiensis skull. B, Lateral view of a Hippopotamus amphibius skull. C, lateral view of a Hex. mingoz skull. D, three dorsal views of the braincase (from bottom to top: in Hex. harvardi, in Hex. mingoz, in Hip. amphibius). E, four schematic anterior views of the left orbit (from right to left: in Hex. protamphibius, in Hex. harvardi, in Hip. gorgops, in Hex. sivalensis).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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