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425 results for “Forest fragment”
Figure 5 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments for 23 Aglaoctenus lagotis individuals separated on a 2.5% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, visualized on a UV transilluminator, and photographed using Image Master VDS. The primer sequence was 5′- TGCCGAGCTG-3′. For each individual, the uppercase letter indicates its location (W: John Kennedy Woodland; P: Pica-Pau Country Club), the first numeral indicates the collection year (8: 2008; 9: 2009), and the subsequent digits indicate the collection number of the spider. X indicates the negative control.
Figure 4 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 4. Pearson's correlation analysis between the volume of the horizontal capture web (cm3) and the number of inquiline spiders associated with the web for the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis in two vegetation fragments (JKW: John Kennedy Woodland; PCC: Pica-Pau Country Club) in Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Figure 3 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 3. Simple linear regressions between the sheet area of the web and the cephalothorax length of Aglaoctenus lagotis individuals in two vegetation fragments (JKW: John Kennedy Woodland; PCC: Pica-Pau Country Club) in Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The correlation is positive for both sites (p <0.0001).
Figure 1 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 1. Map of the municipality of Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1. The John Kennedy Woodland (JKW; 18°38′35″ S, 48°11′19″ W). 2. The Permanent Preservation Area of the Pica- Pau Country Club (PCC; 18°36′38″ S, 48°11′17″ W).
Figure 2 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the methodology used to measure the volume of the capture web of Aglaoctenus lagotis. See the text for details of the calculation.
Using multiple seedlots in restoration planting enhances genetic diversity compared to natural regeneration in fragmented tropical forests
<p>Catastrophic degradation of forests is ongoing worldwide and leads to severe forest fragmentation. Restoration plantings are often necessary to restore fragmented forests, complementing the limited natural regeneration. High genetic diversity is critical for the long-term viability of restored forests. However, there is limited knowledge of whether planted populations capture a genetic variation comparable to natural populations. We measured the efficiency of two forest restoration strategies using the common tropical oak <em>Quercus bambusifolia</em>. The multi-seedlot planting was established over ten years by collecting seeds from several locations in fragmented secondary forests of Hong Kong, while the single seedlot planting was established in just one year with seeds from a single natural location. We analysed the genetic diversity and genetic structure from both plantings and compared them with natural populations. The multi-seedlot planting exhibited a higher rate of genetic recovery, greater genetic diversity (He = 0.69), and higher effective population size (Ne_p = 86.5) compared to natural populations (He = 0.66, Ne_p = 64.3, on average) and the single seedlot planting (He = 0.50, Ne_p = 30.8). The multi-seedlot planting erased the effect of seed shadows which was detected in natural populations while the single seedlot planting strengthened the effect. We conclude that capturing high levels of genetic diversity in the collection of propagules is a standard requirement to ensure the long-term viability of forest restoration. Propagule collection over multiple years is required when only a few parental trees are available to avoid founder effects.</p>
Figures 1-3 from: Ribeiro PVA, Baesse CQ, Cury MC, de Melo C (2020) Leukocyte profile of the helmeted manakin, Antilophia galeata (Passeriformes: Pipridae) in a Cerrado forest fragment. Zoologia 37: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e46441
Figures 1-3 Number of lymphocytes for Antilophia galeata in relation to sex (1), presence/absence of incubation patch (2) and presence/absence of ticks (3). Boxes represent mean values while bars represent the standard error.
Data from: Defaunation and fragmentation erode small mammal diversity dimensions in tropical forests
Forest fragmentation and defaunation are considered the main drivers of biodiversity loss, yet the synergistic effects of landscape changes and biotic interactions on assemblage structure have been poorly investigated. Here, we use an extensive dataset of 283 assemblages and 105 species of small mammals to understand how defaunation of medium and large mammals and forest fragmentation change the community composition and diversity of rodents and marsupials in tropical forests of South America. We used structured equation models to investigate the relationship between small mammal species, functional and phylogenetic diversity with forest size, forest cover and the occurrence of medium and large mammals. The best-fit model showed that defaunation reduced functional diversity, and that species diversity of small mammals increased with forest patch size. Forest cover did not affect functional and phylogenetic diversity. Our results indicate that occurrence of medium and large sized mammals (probably acting as predators, or competitors of small mammals) and forest patch size help to retain species and functional diversity in small mammal communities. Further, the number of species in a small mammal community was critical to the maintenance of phylogenetic diversity, and may have a pronounced influence on the ecological functions played by small mammals. Identifying how phylogenetic and functional diversity change in function of human pressures allows us to better understand the contribution of extant lineages to ecosystem functioning in tropical forests.
FIGURE 6 in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya
FIGURE 6. Sonogram of Callulina dawida.
FIGURE 5 in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya
FIGURE 5. Callulina dawida in life.
FIGURE 2 in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya
FIGURE 2. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the holotype of Callulina dawida (NMK A/4267).
Supplementary material 1 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Appendix 1
Figure 5 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Figure 5 Ex-situ dorsal-lateral, dorsal and ventral photographs of A. Male Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. (holotype, KU 343230); B.Gephyromantis striatus (Marojejy, ZCMV 15140; photographs by Mark D. Scherz); and C.Gephyromantis ventrimaculatus (Ranomanfana, KU 340917).
Figure 4 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Figure 4 Results of phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated alignment of five mitochondrial and four nuclear markers for Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI). Topology is a consensus tree from IQ-Tree. On the right, the dots represent markers that were present in blue and absent in orange for each sample. The notes marked with a circle are those that did not receive perfect support (Bootstrap = 100; Posterior Probability = 1.00) from ML and BI, with the support values as BS on top and PP on the bottom. Note that Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. has strong support in both analyses for a sister relationship to G. striatus.
Figure 1 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Figure 1 The distribution of Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. in east-central Madagascar, view from above (A.) and from a profile view (B.). The black star marker indicates the type locality at Vohidrazana Forest where the black circle "locality" markers indicate other confirmed localities for the new species. Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. is also found at high elevations and, thus, is likely distributed at other high elevation sites not surveyed. Elevational and satellite imagery data acquired from the USGS Earth Explorer (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov).
Figure 3 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Figure 3 Results of phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA barcode 3' marker for Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI). Topology is a consensus tree from IQ-Tree. The support values are shown as Bootstrap on top and Posterior Probability on the bottom only for nodes that were not perfectly supported. Note that Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. placement in the clade is weakly supported in both analyses.
Figure 2 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Figure 2 Ex-situ dorsal-lateral, dorsal and ventral photographs of A. Male Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. (holotype, KU 343230) and B. Female (paratype, KU 343218) in life.
Figure 6 from: Hutter CR, Andriampenomanana ZF, Andrianasolo GT, Cobb KA, Razafindraibe JH, Abraham RK, Lambert SM (2021) A fantastic new species of secretive forest frog discovered from forest fragments near Andasibe, Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 483-495. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.73630
Figure 6 Oscillograms and spectrograms of the call of Gephyromantis marokoroko sp. nov. (Holotype: KU 343230). A. The entire call spectrogram and B. Entire call oscillogram; C. Power spectra/frequency spectrogram of a single note; D. A close-up spectrogram of four notes and E. Corresponding oscillogram; and F. an individual note taken from the middle of the call.
Abundance data of anuran species in forest fragments
<p>Understanding the effects of random versus niche-based processes on biodiversity patterns is a central theme in ecology, and an important tool for predicting effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. We investigated the predictive power of random processes to explain species richness and species dissimilarity of amphibian assemblages in a fragmented tropical landscape of the Atlantic Forest of South America.</p> <p>We analyzed a large database of amphibian abundance and occupancy, sampled in 21 forest fragments ranging in size from 1.9 to 619 ha. We compared observed species richness and species dissimilarity with the outcomes of two null (random placement) models: 1- the traditional Coleman's area-based model and 2 – an abundance-based model (based on the number of individuals observed in each fragment). We applied these models for all species combined, and separately for forest‐dependent and habitat-generalist species.</p> <p>The abundance-based model fitted the observed species richness data better than the area-based model for all species, forest-dependent species, and generalist species. The area-based and the abundance-based models were also able to significantly explain species dissimilarity for all species and for generalists, but not for forest-dependent species.</p> <p>The traditional area-based model assigned too many individuals to large fragments, thus failing to accurately explain species richness within patches across the landscape.</p> <p>Although niche-based processes may be important to structuring the regional pool of species in fragmented landscapes, our results suggest that part of the variation in species richness and species dissimilarity can be successfully explained by random placement models, especially for generalist species. Evaluating which factors cause variation in the number of individuals among patches should be a focus in future studies aiming to understand biodiversity patterns in fragmented landscapes.</p>
Figure 3 from: Lucio-García JN, Sánchez-Reyes UJ, Horta-Vega JV, Reyes-Muñoz JL, Clark SM, Niño-Maldonado S (2022) Seasonal and microclimatic effects on leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in a tropical forest fragment in northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 1080: 21-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.76522
Figure 3 Individual dispersion of leaf beetle species whose association for microclimatic variables was significant in the dry season AAcallepitrix sp. 7 BAlagoasa trifasciataCBrachycoryna pumilaDCentralaphthona diversaEChaetocnema sp. 1 FEpitrix sp. 1 GSyphrea sp. 1. At each species panel: tiny, black dots represent the sampling units; gray circles represent the presence of the species in the sample, and the size of the circle is proportional to its abundance; straight lines represent vectors and indicate the dispersion of the species from the average position (centroid, pointed to by the red arrow) towards each of the sampling units where it was recorded; and ellipses represent the concentration of 95% of the specimens of the species. H canonical correlation values (loadings) between microclimatic variables and the abundance of Chrysomelidae. Abbreviations: MW: Maximum wind speed, AW: average wind speed, Tem: temperature, RH: relative humidity, HI: heat index, DP: dew point, Ev: evapotranspiration.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.