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Figs. 4–6. Nicagus obscurus. 4A in Description Of The Larva Of Nicagus Bscurus (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Nicaginae), With Comments On Its Position In Lucanidae And Notes On The Larval And Adult Habitat

Figs. 4–6. Nicagus obscurus. 4A) Left mandible, dorsal view; 4B) right mandible, dorsal view; 5) right maxilla, ventral view; 6) labium, ventral view.

Figs. 1–4. Ischyomius hovorei, n in Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Figs. 1–4. Ischyomius hovorei, n. sp. 1) habitus of male holotype; 2) aedeagus; 3) middle tarsus, dorsal; 4) outline of pronotum, dorsal. Scale bar for fig. 1 5 5 mm; for figs. 2–3 5 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4. A–H in Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Fig. 4. A–H, male genitalia of Sapotes. Reference lines to the left of figures equal to 0.5 mm. A. dorsal view of median lobe of S. sordidus; B. lateral view of median lobe of S. sordidus; C. dorsal view of spiculum gastrale of S. sordidus; D. phallobase of S. sordidus; E. dorsal view of median lobe of S. setosus; F. lateral view of median lobe of S. setosus; G. dorsal view of spiculum gastrale of S. setosus; H. phallobase of S. setosus.

Fig. 3. A–J in Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Fig. 3. A–J, habitus of species of Sapotes. A. lateral view of male S. sordidus (4.46 mm); B. dorsal view of male S. sordidus; C. lateral view of male S. setosus (3.36 mm); D. dorsal view of male S. setosus; E. lateral view of female S. caseyi (4.32 mm); F. dorsal view of female S. caseyi; G. lateral view of female S. puncticollis (5.09 mm); H. dorsal view of female S. puncticollis; I. lateral view of female S. longipilis (5.04 mm); J. dorsal view of female S. longipilis.

Fig. 2. A–E in Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Fig. 2. A–E. Size and arrangement of teeth on inner margin of protibia of species of Sapotes: A. S. longipilis; B. S. puncticollis; C. S. caseyi; D. S. setosus; E. S. sordidus.

Fig. 1. A in Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Fig. 1. A) rostrum of Sapotes longipilis showing medial sulcus and arching lateral sulci. B–C, sexual dimorphism in elytral declivity of Sapotes sordidus: B) elytral declivity of male S. sordidus; C) elytral declivity of female S. sordidus.

Fig. 5. A–I in Fig. 3 in Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Fig. 5. A–I, male and female genitalia of Sapotes. Reference line to the right of figures equal to 0.5 mm. A–B. apical portion of male median lobe of S. longipilis; A. dorsal and B. lateral view. C. ovipositor of S. caseyi. D. sternum 8 of S. caseyi. E–I, spermathecae of Sapotes species, with length from tip of arm to ducts: E. S. puncticollis (0.27 mm); F. S. longipilis (0.35 mm); G. S. caseyi (0.30 mm); H. S. sordidus (0.28 mm); I. S setosus (0.23 mm).

FIGURE 14 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 14. Natural habitats of Capreolucanus species. A, Daweishan National Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, Yunnan, the natural habitat of C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species; B, the mountains of Longchuan County, Yunnan, the natural habitat of C. sicardi Didier, 1928.

FIGURE 11 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 11. Habitus of Capreolucanus species in dorsal view. A–C, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species (paratypes); A, male, 17.4 mm, Pingbian, Yunnan; B, male, 16.1 mm, Pingbian, Yunnan; C, female, 17.6 mm, Pingbian, Yunnan; D–H, C. sicardi Didier, 1928; D, male, 20.1 mm, Longchuan, Yunnan; E, male, 14.6 mm, Yingjiang, Yunnan; F, female, 16.6 mm, Yingjiang, Yunnan; G, female, 17.7 mm, Yingjiang, Yunnan; H, female, 17.8 mm, Lushui, Yunnan. Scale bar = 10.0 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 10. The different life stages of Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species. A, the egg (photo by Xu Yan); B, the second instar larva (photo by Xu Yan); C, the third instar larva (photo by Xu Yan); D, the pupa (photo by Yun-Chuan Xu); E, the male large-sized adult after eclosion (photo by Xu Yan); F, the unexpectedly death male large-sized adult after eclosion (photo by Yun-Chuan Xu).

FIGURE 6 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 6. Aedeagus details of Capreolucanus species. A–I, S, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species. A–C, S, holotype; D–I, paratypes; J–R, T, C. sicardi Didier, 1928; A–R, aedeagus (flagellum not included); S–T, apex of flagellum. B, E, H, K, N, Q, dorsal view; C, F, I, L, O, R, lateral view; A, D, G, J, M, P, ventral view. Scale bar for A–R = 1.0 mm, for S–T = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 8. Female canthus (A–F), clypeolabrum (G–L), and mentum (M–R) of Capreolucanus species. A–B, G–H, M–N, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species (paratypes); C–F, I–L, O–R, C. sicardi Didier, 1928. A–L, dorsal view; M–R, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 5. Aedeagus of Capreolucanus species in ventral view. A–C, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species. A, holotype; B–C, paratypes; D–F, C. sicardi Didier, 1928. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 13 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 13. Phylogenetic analysis and mitochondrial genome traits of Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species. A, Summary of pairwise distances based on COX1 fragment between stag beetles C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species (Cya samples) and C. sicardi (Csi samples). Outgroup: Prismognathus davidis (Pda). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using ML and BI. Topology came from BI analysis, with numbers on each branch indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities (BBP)/ML bootstrap values. B, Mitochondrial genome traits of C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species.

FIGURE 3 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 3. Male canthus (A–F), clypeolabrum (G–L) and mentum (M–R) of Capreolucanus species. A–C, G–I, M–O, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species; A, G, M, holotype; B–C, H–I, N–O, paratypes; D–F, J–L, P–R, C. sicardi Didier, 1928. A–L, dorsal view; M–R, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 7. Female habitus of Capreolucanus species. A–C, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species (paratype, 19.4 mm, Pingbian, Yunnan, China); D–F, C. sicardi Didier, 1928 (19.0 mm, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China); G–I, C. zhuchuangi Wang, 2020 (16.8 mm, Bo Kluea, Nan, Thailand, photo by Wuttipon Pathomwattananurak). A, D, G, dorsal view; B, E, H, lateral view; C, F, I, ventral view. Scale bar = 10.0 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 2. Male head details of Capreolucanus species in dorsolateral view. A–B, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species; A, holotype; B, paratype; C–D, C. sicardi Didier, 1928; A, C, large sized; B, D, small sized.

FIGURE 12 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 12. The living individuals of Capreolucanus species. A–B, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species (paratypes); A, male, Pingbian, Yunnan (photo by Ming-Fei Hou); B, female, Pingbian, Yunnan (photo by Ming-Fei Hou); C–D, C. sicardi Didier, 1928; C, male, Longchuan, Yunnan; D, female, Longchuan, Yunnan. A–C, dorsolateral view; D, dorsal view.

FIGURE 1 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 1. Male habitus of Capreolucanus species. A–C, C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species (holotype, 18.6 mm, Pingbian, Yunnan, China); D–F, C. sicardi Didier, 1928 (18.9 mm, Lushui, Yunnan, China); G–I, C. zhuchuangi Wang, 2020 (15.0 mm, Bo Kluea, Nan, Thailand, Photo by Wuttipon Pathomwattananurak). A, D, G, dorsal view; B, E, H, lateral view; C, F, I, ventral view. Scale bar = 10.0 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Capreolucanus yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species, the third species of the genus from Yunnan (China) based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

FIGURE 15. Adults of Capreolucanus sicardi Didier, 1928 mating on standing decaying wood while the female biting the bark in broad-leaved forests of Gaoligongshan, Yunnan at an altitude of 1800 m at night in August (photo by Yan-Dong Chen).