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464 results for “Swimming”
fish swimming fast
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 17 August 2019
fish swimming
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 17 August 2019
fish swimming fast
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 17 August 2019
fish swimming
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 17 August 2019
Figure 1 in Swimming and bipedal bottom-running in the pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay, 1886
Figure 1. Large Carettochelys insculpta bipedal bottom-running. Intervals of 10 fields (0.33 s) between numbered fields. Note that, at fields 4 and 5, the two foreflipper tips are both flipped downwards and posteriorly.
Figure 3 in Swimming and bipedal bottom-running in the pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay, 1886
Figure 3. Images of large Carettochelys insculpta. (A) Turtle gliding towards camera. (B) Moving bipedally on substratum away from camera; forelimbs are stippled. Short horizontal lines indicate substratum beneath hindlimbs.
Janus microdimer swimming in oscillating magnetic field
<p><span><span>Artificial microswimmers powered by magnetic fields have numerous applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing for minimally invasive medicine and environmental remediation. Recently, a Janus microdimer surface walker that can be propelled by an oscillating magnetic field near a surface was reported by Li <i>et al.</i>[2018]. To clarify the mechanism for the surface walker, we numerically studied in detail a Janus microdimer swimming near a wall actuated by an oscillating magnetic field. The results showed that a Janus microdimer in an oscillating magnetic field can produce magnetic torque in the<i> y</i>-direction, which eventually propels the Janus microdimer along the <i>x</i>-direction near a wall. Furthermore, we found that the Janus microdimer can also move along a special direction in an oscillating magnetic field with two orientations without a wall. The knowledge obtained in this study is fundamental for understanding the interactions between a Janus microdimer and surfaces in an oscillating magnetic field and is useful for controlling Janus microdimer motion with or without a wall.</span></span></p>
Figures 4-5 from: Souza RCR, Pompeu PS (2020) Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e47223
Figures 4-5 (4) Projection of the first two axes of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the two species Characidium fasciatum and Characidium cf. zebra. (5) Relationship between RAPtF (Relative area of the pectoral fin) and the regression residuals between standard length (cm) and velocity (m/s) for both species Characidium fasciatum (C.fas) and Characidium cf. zebra (C.zeb).
Figures 2-3 from: Souza RCR, Pompeu PS (2020) Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e47223
Figures 2-3 (2) Comparison between the relative velocities (length . s-1) obtained for each species of Characidium in the tests of swimming capacity. Middle point represents Median, Box value are the percentiles and the Whisker-value is minimum and maximum values. (3) Relation between standard length (cm) and velocity (m.s-1) for Characidium fasciatum (C.fas) and Characidium cf. zebra (C.zeb) species.
Figure 9 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 9 Early development of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) after fertilisation in the laboratory. The material from the Lower Songkhla Lagoon, Thailand A fertilised egg surrounded by a jelly layer (j), 10 min after fertilisation; many sperm were trapped in the jelly layer; lipid (oil) drops (o) surrounded the germinal vesicle B 4-cell stage, 1 h and 10 min after fertilisation C early trochophore stage, 7 h and 30 min after fertilisation; ciliary movement of the prototroch (p) began within the jelly layer D free-swimming trochophore larva just after hatching out of the jelly layer, 8 h after fertilisation; ciliary bands of the prototroch and telotroch (t) were present E free-swimming early-metatrochophore larva, 20 h after fertilisation; two pairs of chaetal tufts (c) were present F free-swimming 2-chaetiger late-metatrochophore larva, 21 h after fertilisation; two pairs of chaetal tufts well developed G free-swimming early 3-chaetiger nectochaeta larva, 22 h after fertilisation; three pairs of chaetal tufts were developed; the prototroch and lipid drops remained in the anterior body H demersal late 3-chaetiger nectochaeta larva, 48 h after fertilisation; a pair of eyes (e), antennae (a), and anal cirri (ac) appeared. Lipid drops disappeared. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 5 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 5 Female epitoke of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) collected from Kuala Ibai, Malaysia (UMTAnn 449) A dorsal view of the whole-body B enlargement of anterior end C enlargement of eyes D rupture of body wall at the ventral surface in the posterior body (arrow). Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B–D).
Figure 3 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 3 Epitokous males (A, C) and females (B, D) of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) collected from the Lower Songkhla Lagoon, Thailand (PMBC 20732) in comparison with an atoke from the same locality (E) (PMBC 21209) A dorsal view of the whole body of a male B dorsal view of the anterior body of a female C–E enlargement of anterior dorsal end of a male epitoke (C), a female epitoke (D), and an atoke (E). Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C–E).
Figure 2 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 2 Atokes (A–F) and an epitoke (G) of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) collected from the Lower Songkhla Lagoon, Thailand A prostomium of an atoke (ind. no. 10 with BW of 1.7 mm, PMBC 21209) B anterior view of an everted proboscis, showing a pair of small nipple-like round papillae on area VI in an atoke (ind. no. SL-2 with BW of 1.5 mm, PMBC 21212) C–F paragnaths in areas I (C), II (anterior and middle parts of left side, D), III (central part, E), and IV (right side, F) of an atoke (ind. no. 1 with BW of 2.3 mm, PMBC 21209) G dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) views of the right jaw of a male epitoke (ind. no. 3M with BW of 1.2 mm, PMBC 20732).
Figure 4 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 4 Male epitoke of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) collected from Kuala Ibai, Malaysia (UMTAnn 453) A dorsal view of the whole body (incomplete, with the pre-natatory and natatory regions) B dorsal view of the proboscis with pigmentation C ventral view of the proboscis with pigmentation. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, C).
Figure 7 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 7 Epitokous males (A, B, E) and a female (C, D) of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) collected from the Lower Songkhla Lagoon, Thailand (PMBC 20732) A anterior view of left parapodium of chaetiger 5 in the pre-natatory region of a male epitoke B anterior view of right modified parapodium of chaetiger 34 in the natatory region of the same male as (A) C posterior view of right parapodium of chaetiger 3 of a female epitoke D posterior view of right parapodium of chaetiger 37 of the same female as (C) E enlargement of an epitokous paddle chaeta of another male epitoke. Abbreviations: dc, dorsal cirrus; vc, ventral cirrus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C); 0.5 mm (B, D); 0.05 mm (E).
Figure 1 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 1 Map showing the collection sites (closed circles) in two estuaries on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula A lower Songkhla Lagoon, Thailand B mangrove area in Kuala Ibai branched from Sungai Ibai in Terengganu, Malaysia.
Figure 6 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 6 Drawings of epitokes of Neanthes glandicincta (Southern, 1921) collected from Kuala Ibai, Malaysia A posterior view of the right parapodium 8 in the pre-natatory region of a male (UMTAnn 453) B posterior view of the right parapodium 35 in the natatory region of a male (UMTAnn 445) C anterior view of the left parapodium 35 of a female (UMTAnn 449) D posterior view of the right parapodium 66 in the post-natatory region of a male (UMTAnn 446) E heterogomph spiniger from the lower neurochaetae in chaetiger 8 of a male (UMTAnn 453) F homogomph spiniger from the upper neurochaetae in chaetiger 8 of a male (UMTAnn 453) G heterogomph falciger from the lower neurochaetae in chaetiger 36 of a female (UMTAnn 449) H epitokous natatory chaeta from the neuropodium of chaetiger 36 of a male (UMTAnn 453). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D); 0.05 mm (E–H).
Figure 8 from: Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M (2021) Epitokous metamorphosis, reproductive swimming, and early development of the estuarine polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 (Annelida, Nereididae) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. ZooKeys 1011: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
Figure 8 Seasonal changes of environmental parameters in Kuala Ibai, Malaysia during the sampling period A monthly changes in the salinity and temperature of the surface water at the sampling site (represented by our data at the end of each month) B monthly changes in the amount of rainfall and average air temperature at Kuala Ibai based on the data of Malaysian Meteorological Department C monthly changes of the maximum height of sea level at high tide (closed circles), with the height of sea level at high tide on each sampling date (x marks), based on the data of Worldwide Tides and Currents Predictor (2018). The asterisks indicate the months when the swimming epitokes of Neanthes glandicincta appeared.
Data from: A sex-linked supergene controls sperm morphology and swimming speed in a songbird
Sperm are perhaps the most diverse cells in the animal kingdom, with enormous morphological variation between taxa, between species, between males and within an ejaculate. Considerable interest in sperm diversity has arisen following the realisation that sperm competition (post-copulatory sexual selection) is a powerful selective force in many organisms, and that sperm morphology has co-evolved with female reproductive tract morphology. However, the relationship between sperm morphology, sperm motility and fertilisation success is only partially understood. The extent to which between-male variation is heritable is largely unknown, and remarkably few studies have investigated the genetic architecture of sperm traits, especially sperm morphology. Here we use high-density genotyping and gene expression profiling to explore the considerable sperm trait variation that exists in the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata. We show that nearly all of the genetic variation in sperm morphology is caused by an inversion polymorphism on the Z chromosome acting as a 'supergene'. These results provide a striking example of two evolutionary genetic predictions. First, that in species where females are the heterogametic sex, genetic variation affecting sexually dimorphic traits will accumulate on the Z chromosome. Second, recombination suppression at the inversion allows beneficial dominant alleles to become fixed on whichever haplotype they first arise, without being exchanged onto other haplotypes. Finally, we show that the inversion polymorphism will be stably maintained by heterozygote advantage, because heterozygous males have the fastest and most successful sperm with no apparent fitness cost.
Data from: Unravelling anisogamy: egg size and ejaculate size mediate selection on morphology in free-swimming sperm
Gamete dimorphism (anisogamy) defines the sexes in most multicellular organisms. Theoretical explanations for its maintenance usually emphasize the size-related selection pressures of sperm competition and zygote survival, assuming that fertilization of all eggs precludes selection for phenotypes that enhance fertility. In external fertilizers, however, fertilization is often incomplete due to sperm limitation, and the risk of polyspermy weakens the advantage of high sperm numbers that is predicted to limit sperm size, allowing alternative selection pressures to target free-swimming sperm. We asked whether egg size and ejaculate size mediate selection on the free-swimming sperm of Galeolaria caespitosa, a marine tubeworm with external fertilization, by comparing relationships between sperm morphology and male fertility across manipulations of egg size and sperm density. Our results suggest that selection pressures exerted by these factors may aid the maintenance of anisogamy in external fertilizers by limiting the adaptive value of larger sperm in the absence of competition. In doing so, our study offers a more complete explanation for the stability of anisogamy across the range of sperm environments typical of this mating system and identifies new potential for the sexes to coevolve via mutual selection pressures exerted by gametes at fertilization.
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