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Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of seeds of Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov. (a–e) and possible fruits (f–h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of seeds (holotype figured in b) showing the hilar-micropylar area and the course of the raphe; note the close association of hilum (arrowhead) and micropyle; d) Detail of seed wall showing the undulating surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines; e) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xy0914) through the hilar-micropylar area showing the hilum (arrowhead), the thickening of the endotesta around the micropyle and the course of the raphe within the exotesta (arrow); f–h) Fruits containing

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Text-fig. 3. Eastern wall of Jirásek's Quarry with studied section, with light-grey Acanthopyge Limestones in lower half of the wall, the UDI (in brown) in upper half followed by bioclastic breccia (Bed 46 sensu Hladil 1993) near the edge of the wall (a) and detail of UDI and adjacent limestones with the most productive beds (b). Photo January, 2019. in Rhynchonelliform Brachiopods And Trilobites Of The 'Upper Dark Interval' In The Koněprusy Area Devonian, Eifelian, Kačák Event; The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Eastern wall of Jirásek's Quarry with studied section, with light-grey Acanthopyge Limestones in lower half of the wall, the UDI (in brown) in upper half followed by bioclastic breccia (Bed 46 sensu Hladil 1993) near the edge of the wall (a) and detail of UDI and adjacent limestones with the most productive beds (b). Photo January, 2019.

Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i).

Text-fig. 3. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a–e) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (f–i) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings a–f, i) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, g, h). a, b) Seed in lateral (a) and oblique apical (b) views showing the truncate hilar-micropylar region; note prominent hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi) at the seed apex and the raphe (ra) seen as slightly raised ridge; remains of mounting media (¤). c) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0647) showing course of raphe (ra), hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi); note the strongly radially elongated cells below the hilar scar. d) Seed in antiraphal view. e) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. f) Seed enclosed in remains of thin-walled fruit (fr) (S174632, Torres Vedras sample 298). g) Holotype, seed enclosed in remains of fruit (fr); raphal view showing the faintly ribbed surface of the seed (S171534, Torres Vedras sample 043). h) Apical view of seed fragment showing hilar scar (hi), position of raphe (ra) and the ribbed seed surface (S136683, Torres Vedras sample 044). i) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S171534; Torres Vedras sample 043). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–d, f–h); 125 µm (e, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 3. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a–e) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (f–i) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings a–f, i) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, g, h). a, b) Seed in lateral (a) and oblique apical (b) views showing the truncate hilar-micropylar region; note prominent hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi) at the seed apex and the raphe (ra) seen as slightly raised ridge; remains of mounting media (¤). c) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0647) showing course of raphe (ra), hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi); note the strongly radially elongated cells below the hilar scar. d) Seed in antiraphal view. e) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. f) Seed enclosed in remains of thin-walled fruit (fr) (S174632, Torres Vedras sample 298). g) Holotype, seed enclosed in remains of fruit (fr); raphal view showing the faintly ribbed surface of the seed (S171534, Torres Vedras sample 043). h) Apical view of seed fragment showing hilar scar (hi), position of raphe (ra) and the ribbed seed surface (S136683, Torres Vedras sample 044). i) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S171534; Torres Vedras sample 043). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–d, f–h); 125 µm (e, i).

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i).

Text-fig. 6. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (a, b, d, e: sample 141, c: sample 300); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0563) through the median plane of the seed (holotype, S174178) showing the palisade-shaped cells of exotesta and collapsed inner parts of seed coat, raised exotestal tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0659) through the micropylar region perpendicular to the median plane showing the exotestal tissue surrounding the transverse micropyle slit (mi). c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0500) through the median plane of the seed (S175095) showing raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and poorly preserved cells of the seed coat. d) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0810) through middle part of seed perpendicular to the median plane (S174178) showing seed coat and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. e) Tangential and longitudinal orthoslice (xz0162) through the seed coat of holotype (S174178) showing thickened, undulate cell walls of exotesta (ex) and the short, thin-walled cells of tegmen (te) with a finely striate wrinkled surface. Scale bars = 250 µm (a, c, d); 125 µm (b, e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 6. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (a, b, d, e: sample 141, c: sample 300); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0563) through the median plane of the seed (holotype, S174178) showing the palisade-shaped cells of exotesta and collapsed inner parts of seed coat, raised exotestal tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0659) through the micropylar region perpendicular to the median plane showing the exotestal tissue surrounding the transverse micropyle slit (mi). c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0500) through the median plane of the seed (S175095) showing raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and poorly preserved cells of the seed coat. d) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0810) through middle part of seed perpendicular to the median plane (S174178) showing seed coat and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. e) Tangential and longitudinal orthoslice (xz0162) through the seed coat of holotype (S174178) showing thickened, undulate cell walls of exotesta (ex) and the short, thin-walled cells of tegmen (te) with a finely striate wrinkled surface. Scale bars = 250 µm (a, c, d); 125 µm (b, e).

Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c).

Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d).

Text-fig. 8. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025) (a, b, d, e), and the Vale de Água locality (sample 333) (c, f, g), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Smaller seed in lateral view showing the bulging region (arrow head) close to hilum (S174467). b) Cut volume rending (cut at yz1032) of seed in (8a) showing the expanded cells of exotesta immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and the well preserved nutritive tissue. c) Small seed in lateral view showing the bulging exotesta (arrow head) close to hilum (S175046). d, e) Larger seed in lateral (d) and raphal (e) view (S174035). f) Detail of seed in (8c) showing the micropylar slit (mi) above the hilum (hi) and bulging exotestal tissue (arrow head) in which the walls of the exotestal cells have straight anticlinal walls. g) Surface of seed in (8c) showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (f); 125 µm (g). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 8. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025) (a, b, d, e), and the Vale de Água locality (sample 333) (c, f, g), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Smaller seed in lateral view showing the bulging region (arrow head) close to hilum (S174467). b) Cut volume rending (cut at yz1032) of seed in (8a) showing the expanded cells of exotesta immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and the well preserved nutritive tissue. c) Small seed in lateral view showing the bulging exotesta (arrow head) close to hilum (S175046). d, e) Larger seed in lateral (d) and raphal (e) view (S174035). f) Detail of seed in (8c) showing the micropylar slit (mi) above the hilum (hi) and bulging exotestal tissue (arrow head) in which the walls of the exotestal cells have straight anticlinal walls. g) Surface of seed in (8c) showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (f); 125 µm (g).

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Figure 1. Frontal wall formation. A in North-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Buffonellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): implications for biodiversity and biogeography

Figure 1. Frontal wall formation. A, note the presence of frontal-wall pores during early ontogeny in zooecia at the growth margin, and their subsequent closure in older, more proximal zooecia. Buffonellaria muriella sp. nov., NHM 2007.5.18.2, Guernsey; scale bar, 200 Mm. B, early ontogeny of the erect bilaminar Buffonellaria sp. 1, NHM 2007.5.18.12, Toulon, Mediterranean Sea; scale bar, 200 Mm.

Figure 15 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 15. Conicotheca nigrans gen. et sp. nov. A–E, transmission light and scanning electron micrographs of same specimen. A, B, general views. C, aperture. D, proximal part of test ('proloculus') showing smooth surface. E, part of test with rougher surface covered in scale-like features, probably clay particles. F–H, transmission light and scanning electron micrographs of same specimen. F, G, general views. H, distal (apertural) end.

Figure 14 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 14. Conicotheca nigrans gen. et sp. nov. Transmission light micrographs of specimens on open slides in glycerol. A, holotype, reg. no. MPC-02704. B–D, paratypes, reg. nos. MPC-02699-02701. E–I, paratypes, reg. nos. ZF 5168. J–P, additional specimens. All scale bars = 25 Mm.

Figure 11 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 11. Resigella bilocularis sp. nov. Transmission light micrographs of specimens on open slides in glycerol. A, holotype, reg. no. MPC-02697. B, paratype, reg. no. MPC-02696. C, D, general view and detail of specimen illustrated by SEM in Figure 12A–B. E, general view of specimen illustrated by SEM in Figure 13E–F. G, specimen with delicate partition in front of stercomata. H, paratype, reg. no. ZF 5171. I, small specimen with clearly developed neck between the two chambers. All scale bars = 50 Mm.

Figure 10 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 10. Resigella laevis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, B, aperture. C, D, surface of test near aperture showing relatively sparse development of finger-like projections. E, general view of test. F, aperture. G, broken section of wall.

Figure 9 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 9. Resigella laevis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of test. B, proloculus. C, detail of interdigitated border between smooth organic surface of proloculus and highly ornamented organic surface of later chambers; boxes indicate areas shown in detail in D and F. D, E, surface of chamber immediately in front of proloculus showing mass of finger-like projections; the flat features are probably clay particles. F, G, surface of proloculus.

Figure 8 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 8. Resigella laevis sp. nov. Transmission light micrographs of specimens on open slides in glycerol. A, holotype, reg. no. MPC-02710. B–G, paratypes, reg. nos. MPC-02711-02715. H, I, paratypes, reg. nos. ZF 5170. J–O, other specimens; M shows detail of final chamber with partition in front of stercomata; O shows detail of final chamber with mass of cytoplasm in front of stercomata. All scale bars = 50 Mm except where indicated otherwise.

Figure 7 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 7. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of test; area indicated by box is shown in detail in F. B, damaged region showing curved lines of fracture. C, D, broken sections of the wall showing probable agglutinated grain and lack of internal structure. E, inner surface of wall. F, G, surface of wall showing scale-like patches (probably clay particles) surrounded by masses of tiny, finger-like projections.

Figure 6 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 6. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of entire specimen; boxes indicate areas shown in detail in other images. B, C, progressively closer views of test surface near the aperture. D, E, progressively closer views of test surface near proloculus. Note the finger-like projections covering the surface of the wall in both areas.

Figure 5 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 5. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of test apertures. A, C, D, specimens in which test tapers gently towards circular aperture. B, specimen with abruptly truncated apertural end (entire test shown in Fig. 3E). The specimen shown in D is probable dead (empty); those shown in A–C probably contain cytoplasm. All scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 3 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 3. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of entire specimen. B, proloculus with rounded end; boxes indicate areas shown in detail in C and D. C–D, details of proloculus; most of the surface is strewn with rod-like particles but the organic wall is exposed in irregular patches. E, oblique view of aperture. F, general view of entire specimen with pointed proloculus and abruptly truncated distal end.