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FIGURE 2 in Forelimb motion and orientation in the ornithischian dinosaurs Styracosaurus and Thescelosaurus, and its implications for locomotion and other behavior
FIGURE 2. Right pectoral girdle and forelimb bones of Thescelosaurus sp. (NCSM 15728) and motion at the shoulder. A. Right scapulocoracoid in lateral view. B–D. Humerus in lateral (B), posterior (C), and anterior (D) views, with broken white line indicating edge of humeral head. E–F. Radius and ulna in proximal (E) and medial (F) views. G. Motion at the shoulder in lateral view. H. Transverse motion at the shoulder in anterior view. I–J, Skeletons of Thescelosaurus sp. NCSM 15728 (I) and CMN 8537 (J), showing that the curvature of the anterior dorsal vertebrae positions the forelimb such that it can reach the ground when the sacrum is horizontal. K, Tracing of several of the bones of CMN 8537 (vertebral centra, femur, tibia + fibula + proximal tarsals, metatarsus + distal tarsal, scapulocoracoid, humerus, radius + ulna, and carpus + metacarpus), with corrections of the dislocations at the hip and posterior dorsum in the preserved skeleton, and with heavy lines representing the long axis of the sacrum and the surface of the ground, showing that the forelimb can reach the ground and can also be retracted to avoid the ground during bipedal locomotion. L, Fleshed-out reconstruction of Thescelosaurus sp. posed as in K. 1–3, positions 1–3 (see Materials and Methods for description), c, coracoid; ca, carpals; g, glenoid cavity; h, humerus; hh, humeral head; r, radius; s, scapula; u, ulna.
Dataset: How do news about a heatwave affect public prioritization of climate change adaptation and mitigation behaviors?
<p><span>These datasets contain survey data that was used to evaluate the effect of the exposure to heatwave news texts on people’s preference for climate mitigation and adaptation actions, as presented in the manuscript titled “<em>How do news about a heatwave affect public prioritization of climate change adaptation and mitigation behaviors?</em>”. Three versions of the dataset are available:</span></p> <ol> <li><strong>Original dataset</strong>: This version contains choice text as data points and includes all finished survey responses that passed the attention check questions (n=1209).</li> <li><strong>Original recoded dataset</strong>: This version was generated by recoding choice text into numerical values. The 'Income' variable, representing household income levels for both Canadian and US residents, was added by converting reported income ranges to a unified scale based on exchange rate equivalencies. The "Income_Canadians" and "Income_US" columns were subsequently removed to avoid repetitions. </li> <li><strong>Final dataset</strong>: This version excludes observations from participants who completed the survey in under four minutes and those who selected the same response for every item within each matrix-style question (also known as straight-lining). Additionally, responses with missing values in questions regarding political views, gender, and household income, as well as responses where participants identified as non-binary or indicated that their gender was not listed, were omitted (see “Methods” for more details). Dependent variables have been added based on the original responses, including personal-level mitigation and adaptation likelihoods, personal-level mitigation preference, and both non-weighted and weighted collective-level mitigation preference. Furthermore, the dataset includes a 'Climate Change Concern' variable, derived through principal component analysis of thirteen variables expressing participants’ climate change attitudes and efficacy beliefs concerning climate actions. Variables not used in the subsequent data analysis were removed. Age, political views, education, and income columns were standardized. The final dataset was used for the data analysis presented in the manuscript.</li> </ol> <p>The following variables/columns can be found across the three versions of the dataset:</p> <ul> <li>Dependent variables: <ul> <li>Starting with “<em>Personal_Mitigation</em>”: participant’s self-reported likelihood of taking selected personal-level climate change mitigation actions</li> <li>Starting with “<em>Personal_Adaptation</em>”: participant’s self-reported likelihood of taking selected personal-level climate change adaptation actions</li> <li>Starting with “<em>Collective_Mitigation</em>”: participant’s ranking of the collective-level climate change mitigation initiatives</li> <li>Starting with “<em>Collective_Adaptation</em>”: participant’s ranking of the collective-level climate change adaptation initiatives</li> <li><em>Personal_Mitigation_Likelihood</em>: personal-level mitigation likelihood (present only in the final dataset)</li> <li><em>Personal_Adaptation_Likelihood</em>: personal-level adaptation likelihood (present only in the final dataset)</li> <li><em>Personal_Preference</em>: personal-level mitigation preference (present only in the final dataset)</li> <li><em>Collective_Preference_Unweighted</em>: non-weighted collective-level mitigation preference (present only in the final dataset)</li> <li><em>Collective_Preference_Weighted</em>: weighted collective-level mitigation preference (present only in the final dataset)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Independent variables: <ul> <li><em>Group</em>: group that the participant was assigned to as part of the experimental intervention</li> <li><em>Distance</em>: indicates whether the participant was assigned to read about a heatwave occurring in their community or a city 6,000 km away (for experimental groups only)</li> <li><em>Severity</em>: indicates whether the participant was prompted to read about a heatwave without or with the mention of associated causalities (for experimental groups only)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Covariates and supporting variables: <ul> <li><em>Gender</em>: gender identity</li> <li><em>Identity</em>: ethnic and/or racial identity</li> <li><em>Age</em>: age</li> <li><em>Political_Views</em>: position on the liberal-conservative continuum</li> <li><em>Education</em>: highest level of education</li> <li><em>Country</em>: country of residence</li> <li><em>Canada_Province</em>: province or territory of residence (for Canadian participants only)</li> <li><em>US_State</em>: state of residence (for US participants only)</li> <li><em>Duration_Residence</em>: duration of residence in the current community</li> <li><em>Income_Canadians</em>: annual household income in Canadian dollars (for Canadian participants only)</li> <li><em>Income_US</em>: annual household income in US dollars (for US participants only)</li> <li><em>Income</em>: annual household income for both Canadian and US residents derived by converting reported income ranges to a unified scale based on exchange rate equivalencies</li> <li><em>Efficacy_Mitigation_Personal</em>: belief regarding the response efficacy of personal-level climate change mitigation actions</li> <li><em>Efficacy_Mitigation_Collective</em>: belief regarding the response efficacy of collective-level climate change mitigation actions</li> <li><em>Efficacy_Adaptation_Personal</em>: belief regarding the response efficacy of personal-level climate change adaptation actions</li> <li><em>Efficacy_Adaptation_Collective</em>: belief regarding the response efficacy of collective-level climate change adaptation</li> <li><em>Climate_Change_Importance:</em> perception of climate change as a personally important issue</li> <li>Climate_Change_Worry: level of worry about climate change</li> <li>Starting with “<em>Climate_Risk</em>”: beliefs regarding the degree of harm that climate change will cause to plants and animal species (Climate_Risk_Animals_Plants), future generations of people (Climate_Risk_Future_Generations), people in developing countries (Climate_Risk_Developing_Countries), people in participant’s country (Climate_Risk_Country), people in participant’s community (Climate_Risk_Community), and the participant personally (Climate_Risk_Personal)</li> <li>Climate_Change_Onset_Time: belief regarding when climate change will start harming people in their community</li> <li><em>Six_Americas_Segment</em>: the Global Warming's Six Americas segment participant aligns with derived based on the Six Americas Short SurveY (SASSY) Group Scoring Tool</li> <li><em>Climate_Change_Concern</em>: variable derived through PCA of thirteen variables expressing participants' climate change attitudes and efficacy beliefs pertaining to climate actions (present only in the final dataset)</li> <li><em>Survey_Duration_Seconds</em>: The amount of time it took the respondent to complete the survey</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Figure 6 in Herbicide response and germination behavior of two goosegrass (Eleusine indica) populations in the Australian environment
Figure 6. Effect of burial depth on the seedling emergence of the two Australian populations (Gatton and Ingham) of Eleusine indica. The lines represent a gaussian model fit to the emergence data obtained at different seed burial depths.
Multiple stressors lead to complex responses in reproductive behaviors in an African cichlid
<p>Exposure to multiple environmental stressors is a common occurrence that can affect organisms in predictable or unpredictable ways. Hypoxia and turbidity in aquatic environments are two stressors that can affect reproductive behaviors by altering energy availability and the visual environment, respectively. Here we examine the relative effects of population and the rearing environment (oxygen concentration and turbidity) on reproductive behaviors. We reared cichlid fish (the Egyptian mouthbrooder, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor) from two populations (a swamp and river) until sexual maturity, in a full factorial design (hypoxic/normoxic x clear/turbid) and then quantified male competitive and courtship behaviors and female preference under their respective rearing conditions. Overall, we found that the rearing environment was more important than population for determining behavior, indicating there were few heritable differences in reproductive behavior between the two populations. Unexpectedly, males in the hypoxic rearing treatment performed more competitive and courtship behaviors. Under turbid conditions males performed fewer competitive and courtship behaviors. We predicted that females would prefer males from their own population. However, under the hypoxic and turbid combination females from both populations preferred males from the other population. Our results suggest that reproductive behaviors are affected by interactions between male traits, female preference, and environmental conditions.</p>
Fig. 3 in Bile acids as potential pheromones in pintado catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829): eletrophysiological and behavioral studies
Fig. 3. Time spent in each compartment when Pseudoplatystoma corruscans were stimulated by taurocholic acid (TCA) and controls. TCA response was significantly different from distilled water (paired t test: 3.94, P = 0.0005) as indicated by an asterisk.
Fig. 1 in Bile acids as potential pheromones in pintado catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829): eletrophysiological and behavioral studies
Fig. 1. Electrolfactogram responses of pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans to five representative bile acids. Response magnitudes are normalized as percentages of response to 10-5 M L-serine (mean ± SEM). CA = Cholic acid, TCA = taurocholic acid, TCD = taurochenodeoxicholic acid, CD = chenodeoxycholic acid, DC = deoxycholic acid.
Fig. 4 in Bile acids as potential pheromones in pintado catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829): eletrophysiological and behavioral studies
Fig. 4. Number of movements of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans stimulated by taurocholic acid (TCA) and controls. Response to TCA was significantly higher than distilled water comparison for each behavior. Dunn's multiple comparisons test, P<0.05, as indicated by an asterisk. Top over the bars: type of movements in each stimuli.
Figure 1 in Thanatosis behavior during oviposition in Tropidurus itambere Rodrigues, 1987
Figure 1. Specimen of Tropidurus itambere (A) and (B) performing of Thanatosis during oviposition. Collected at Parque Municipal do Bacaba, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso state, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Effect of a short-cycle apple tree cultivar on oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) development and larval behavior
Figure 1. Average number of Grapholita molesta males captured monthly by pheromone-bait traps in 'Eva' and 'Gala' apple orchards during seven years in Porto Amazonas, Paraná, Brazil.
Figure 2 in Changes in the feeding behavior and habitat use of the desert hedgehog Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg 1832, Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae), in Saudi Arabia
Figure 2. Relationship between values of the trophic niche breadth in the four seasons during period from February 2015 and October 2019 in five study sites in Saudi Arabia.
Dataset for acceleration measurements at the research bridge openLAB in Bautzen, Germany - Change of dynamic behavior in the concrete hardening process
<p>This data set was collected during the construction phase of the openLAB in Bautzen, Germany during the period from 22.01.2024 - 30.04.2024. It includes acceleration measurements and temperature measurements that record the dynamic behavior of the bridge over a period of 49 days (from 22.01.2024 to 11.03.2024; the remaining data cannot be uploaded due to the Zenodo upload restriction, but can be released on request). The detailed documentation of the data set can be found in the file "Bartels, Dunkel, Marx_2024_Documentation.pdf". The documentation describes the structure, the applied monitoring system and the collected data in detail.</p>
Figure 2 in Variability in blue whale acoustic behavior off southern California
Figure 2. The percent of singular A (orange), singular B (blue), and D (green) call detections, and single (purple) and repetitive (maroon) AB phrase detections that occurred out of the total number of monthly detections at each of the four sites. Monthly detection totals are listed at the top of each bar. Periods shaded in gray indicate times when there was no data at that site.
Figure 3 in Variability in blue whale acoustic behavior off southern California
Figure 3. Residual plots of monthly variability for singular A (diamonds), singular B (squares), and D (circles) call detections (left panels), and single (upright triangles) and repetitive (downward triangles) AB phrase detections (right panels).
Figure 4 in Variability in blue whale acoustic behavior off southern California
Figure 4. Proportion of song consisting of each type per month at the inshore and offshore sites. Only months that contained identifiable song are included. No song was identified at the offshore sites in December 2009. Months when no data were available are marked in dark gray (Table 1).
Figure 1 in Variability in blue whale acoustic behavior off southern California
Figure 1. Percent of all song bouts recorded at the inshore and offshore sites comprised of the two blue whale phrase types between September 2009 and August 2010.
Figure 6. 24 h in Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Figure 6. 24 h rose plots of leopard seal dive activity by hour of day from the parametric data set. Red arrows represent the mean vector of dive activity. (A) all dives pooled from the 2010 season (n = 6,017) from three seals (4OR, 9OR, and 390G). (B) Activity for leopard seal 4OR (n = 2,292 dives) was significantly different from the 2010 mean and the other two seals; (Watson's two sample tests, P <0.05). (C) Activity for leopard seal 9OR (n = 2,283 dives) was significantly different from the 2010 mean and the other two seals (Watson's two sample tests, P <0.001). (D) Activity for leopard seal 390G (n = 1,442 dives) was significantly different from the 2010 mean and the other two seals (Watson's two sample tests, P <0.001).
Figure 5. 24 h in Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Figure 5. 24 h rose plots of dive activity by hour of day. The red arrows represents the mean vector (direction = time of day, length = mean number of dives) of dive activity (dives/h) for: (A) all dives (n = 40,308). Gray shaded areas represent the crepuscular periods (+1 h from sunset and sunrise) across the study; (B) all dives pooled from the 2010 season (n = 13,373); (C) all dives pooled from the 2011 season (n = 6,545); (D) all dives pooled from the 2014 season (n = 8,723). The null hypothesis that patterns of diel dive activity were equivalent between seasons could not be rejected (Watson's two-sample tests, P> 0.05).
Figure 1 in Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Figure 1. Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica. The black star in the right pane indicates the location of Cape Shirreff in the western Antarctic Peninsula region.
Figure 2 in Use of time-at-temperature data to describe dive behavior in five species of sympatric deep-diving toothed whales
Figure 2. Mean locations of time-at-temperature (TAT) histograms and time-at-depth (TAD) histograms from transmitter tags deployed on each of five species in the Great Bahama Canyon: (a) melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra, NSPOT = 9, NSPLASH = 4), (b) shortfinned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus, NSPOT = 12, NSPLASH = 3), (c) sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus, NSPOT=21, NSPLASH = 6), (d) Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris, NSPOT = 3, NSPLASH = 9), and (e) Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris, NSPOT = 1, NSPLASH = 6). The mean locations were derived by fitting a movement model (Johnson et al. 2008) to smooth and filter irregularly spaced Argos telemetry estimates from SPOT and SPLASH tags, respectively. The study area boundary and U.S. Navy's Atlantic Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) are also shown.
Figure 4 in Underwater acoustic behavior of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, 2007-2010
Figure 4. Monthly variation of bearded seal call types across all recording stations among three different years (2008, 2009, and 2010). Bar shading indicate year. Error bars are + SE. See Table S2 for call type definitions.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.