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1,070 results for “dung beetle”
Dung Beetle Diversity Survey Data for Sekar Imej Conservation Area (SICA)
<p>The Sekar Imej Conservation Area (SICA) project was initiated by Wilmar International with aims, (1) Establishing effective management of High Conservation Value (HCV) for long term biodiversity conservation in plantation landscapes; (2) capacity building to support local communities; and (3) empowering local communities to support the protection within SICA landscapes. The SICA is recognised as the largest conservation area (2,469 hectares) within Wilmar’s operations in Malaysia (Forest & Reserves, 2021). A rapid assessment was conducted to assess the diversity of dung beetles within the targeted trails. Fieldwork was conducted from 26th – 29th September 2022.</p> <p>Dung beetle sampling was carried out in Monjuk trail (117°11’07.0’’; 6°20’54.1’’) and Tobobon trail (117°11’42.5’’; 6°21’14.5’’) at Sekar Imej Conservation Area (SICA), Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The forest consist of secondary forest, dominated area with young regenerating forest and lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. These trails are located nearby to larger Paitan and Lingkabau Forest Reserves, which interspersed between other oil palm plantations.</p> <p>We did pitfall and canopy traps using human dung, trapping for 48 hours. The traps were spaced 200 metres from one another. </p>
The Dung Beetle Oxyomus of Taiwan (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Review of the Fauna, a New Species and its Larva Associated by DNA Barcoding
<p>Complete photo documentation and DNA barcodes datasets used for the paper</p>
Dung beetle community composition affects dung turnover in subtropical US grasslands
<p>Dung beetle community data were collected from August 2018 – March 2023 on three ranches; Buck Island Ranch, Durando Ranch and Longino Ranch in Florida, USA. Traps were baited with either chicken feet (trap type c), or dung in balls wrapped in muslin (trap type b) or dung placed directly on a pitfall trap (trap type a). Sample sites that had greater than 20% tree canopy cover were classed as 'closed' and 'open' if in open pasture or if the sample site had less than 20% tree canopy cover. </p>
Supplemental material for the insight: High levels of mercury contamination in a necrophage dung-beetle of the Amazon rainforest (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
<p>This study represents the first evidence of mercury contamination in the family Scarabaeidae, with a close focus to <em>Coprophanaeus lancifer</em>, the largest copro-necrophagous beetle in South America. This work shows the repartition of total mercury (THg) in the insect body and lays the groundwork for additional future studies.</p>
Ancient human colonization explains dung beetle species richness in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
<p><span><strong>Aim:</strong> </span><span>Different hypothesis have been proposed to explain differences in species richness among islands. However, few studies have attempted to compare the explanatory power of multiple hypotheses using a large data set. Here we analyse how different types of predictors (</span><span>energetic/climatic, environmental heterogeneity, island biogeography and anthropogenic</span><span>) affect variation in dung beetle species richness on Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location:</strong> </span><span>Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Taxon:</strong> </span><span>Dung beetles.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> Using a large dataset of islands (n = 147), we extracted the species richness of dung beetles on each island using 362 bibliographic reference sources. We performed GLMs to analyse the relationship between the species richness of dung beetles and eleven explanatory variables (temperature, evapotranspiration, aridity, area, maximum elevation, connection to continent during LGM, geological origin, distance from continent, nearest continent, years since first human colonization and human density) </span><span>representing four types of causal hypotheses. We also included as a covariate the number of published papers studying dung beetles as a surrogate of the survey/study effort carried out in each island.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> GLMs suggest that the years since first human colonization, the number of published papers, and island area were the predictors with a higher explanatory capacity. The volcanic character of the islands and the distance from the mainland had some relevance in the case of Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and maximum elevation appeared relevant in the species richness of Scarabaeinae and Aphodiidae. The anthropogenic and island biogeography hypotheses on the variation in species richness were the ones that have the strongest explanatory capacity, regardless of the inclusion of the surrogate of survey effort as a covariate in the models.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> </span><span>The long history of human movements and agricultural activities has facilitated the colonization of dung beetles and provided trophic resources for their persistence, leading to increased species richness. Thus, the importance of anthropogenic factors in shaping the biodiversity patterns of island biogeography cannot be ignored. These human-induced influences may play a fundamental role in altering the biogeographic patterns of islands, even overriding the importance of other variables. Consequently, our findings underline the profound impact of historical human actions on islands biodiversity.</span></p>
Assessing the evolutionary lability of insulin signaling in the regulation of nutritional plasticity across traits and species of horned dung beetles
<p><span>Nutrition-dependent growth of sexual traits is a major contributor to phenotypic diversity and a large body of research documents insulin signaling as a major regulator of nutritional plasticity. However, findings across studies raise the possibility that the role of individual components within the insulin signaling pathway diverge in function among traits and taxa. Here, we use RNAi-mediated transcript depletion in the gazelle dung beetle to investigate the functions of <em>forkhead box O </em>(<em>Foxo</em>) and two paralogs of the insulin receptor (<em>InR1</em> and <em>InR2</em>) in shaping nutritional plasticity in polyphenic male head horns, exaggerated fore legs, and weakly nutrition-responsive genitalia. Our functional genetic manipulations led to three main findings: <em>Foxo<sup>RNAi</sup></em> reduced the length of exaggerated head horns in large males, while neither <em>InR1</em> nor <em>InR2</em> knock-downs resulted in measurable horn phenotypes. These results are similar to those documented previously for another horned dung beetle species (<em>Onthophagus</em> <em>taurus</em>), but in stark contrast to findings in rhinoceros beetles. Secondly, knockdown of <em>Foxo</em>, <em>InR1</em>, and <em>InR2</em> led to an increase in the intercept or slope of the scaling relationship of genitalia size. These results are in contrast even to results documented previously for O. taurus. Lastly, while <em>Foxo<sup>RNAi</sup></em> reduces male forelegs in <em>D. gazella</em> and <em>O. taurus</em>, the effects of <em>InR1</em> and <em>InR2</em> knockdowns diverged across dung beetle species. Taken together, our results add to the growing body of literature indicating that despite insulin signaling's conserved role as a regulator of nutritional plasticity, the functions of its components may diversify among traits and species. </span></p>
Vertically inherited microbiota and environment-modifying behaviors indirectly shape the exaggeration of secondary sexual traits in the gazelle dung beetle
<p><span>Many organisms actively manipulate the environment</span><span> in ways that have the potential to feed back on their own development, a process referred to as developmental niche construction</span><span>. Yet, </span><span>the role that constructed biotic and abiotic environments play in shaping phenotypic variation and its evolution is insufficiently understood. Here, we assess whether environmental modifications made by developing dung beetles impact the environment-sensitive expression of secondary sexual traits</span><span>.</span> <span>Larval gazelle dung beetles both physically modify their ontogenetic environment and structure their biotic interactions through the vertical inheritance of microbial symbionts. By experimentally eliminating i) physical environmental modifications, and ii) the vertical inheritance of microbes, we assess the degree to which (sym)biotic and physical environmental modifications shape the exaggeration of several traits </span><span>varying in their degree and direction of sexual dimorphism. We expected the experimental reduction of a larva's ability to shape its environment to affect trait size and scaling, especially for traits that are sexually dimorphic and environmentally plastic</span><span>. </span><span>We find that compromised developmental niche construction indeed shapes sexual dimorphism in overall body size and the absolute sizes of male-limited exaggerated head horns, the strongly sexually dimorphic fore tibia length and width, as well as the weakly dimorphic elytron length and width. This suggests that ontogenetic environmental modifications affect sex-specific phenotypic variation in functional traits. However, most of these effects can be attributed to nutrition-dependent plasticity in size and non-isometric trait scaling, rather than body-size-independent effects on the developmental regulation of trait size. Our findings suggest that the reciprocal relationship between developing organisms, their symbionts, and their environment can have considerable impacts on sexual dimorphism and functional morphology. </span></p>
Dung beetle community composition affects dung turnover in subtropical US grasslands
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Data from: Management actions shape dung beetle community structure and functional traits in restored tallgrass prairie
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Forest habitat parameters influence abundance and diversity of cadaver-visiting dung beetles in Central Europe
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Data from: Dung beetles from three primary forest sites in the Brazilian Amazon
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Data from: The origins of novelty from within the confines of homology: the developmental evolution of the digging tibia of dung beetles
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Climate and land-use effects on dung beetle assemblages
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Sex ratio modulates reproductive output and dung burying behavior in dung beetle <em>Gymnopleurus sturmi</em> (Macleay, 1821) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
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Risk of parasiticides diflubenzuron, eprinomectin, and fenbendazole to dung-associated beetles
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Seed traits of seed within spider monkey, howler monkey feces, and dung beetles' dung balls
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Ancient human colonization explains dung beetle species richness in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
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Data from: Vertically inherited microbiota and environment modifying behaviors conceal genetic variation in dung beetle life history
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Panmixia across elevation in thermally sensitive Andean dung beetles
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Behavioural responses to warming differentially impact survival in introduced and native dung beetles
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