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Figure 1 in Phylogeny of families in the Pectinoidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia): importance of the fossil record
Figure 1. Phylogeny of the Pectinoidea derived from the Aviculopectinoidean family Euchondriidae. The numbers refer to clades described in the text. Terminal bars indicate extinction. Terminal arrows indicate continuation to the present. Geological time bands are not to scale.
Figure 1 in Provannid and provannid-like gastropods from the Late Cretaceous cold seeps of Hokkaido (Japan) and the fossil record of the Provannidae (Gastropoda: Abyssochrysoidea)
Figure 1. Sketch map of the provannid-bearing localities discussed in the text. A, Nakagawa area. B, Tappu area. C, Hokkaido of Japan with Cretaceous Yezo fore-arc basin deposits indicated.
Figure 4 in Provannid and provannid-like gastropods from the Late Cretaceous cold seeps of Hokkaido (Japan) and the fossil record of the Provannidae (Gastropoda: Abyssochrysoidea)
Figure 4. Juvenile Recent Provannidae and Abyssochrysidae (A–D) and patterns of shell decolation and preservation (E–F). A, E, Desbruyeresia spinosa Warén & Bouchet, 1993 from North Fiji Basin (specimen illustrated also in Warén & Bouchet, 1993: fig. 44D). A, decollate protoconch; E, details of decollation; note no signs of shell abrasion on the protoconch edges B, decollated protoconch of Alviniconcha hessleri Okutani & Ohta, 1988 from north Fiji Basin (specimen illustrated also in Warén & Bouchet, 1993: fig. 44C). C, paucispiral protoconch of Provanna segonzaci Warén & Ponder, 1991 from Lau Basin. D, Abyssochrysos sp. from off New Caledonia; note axial ribs and spiral riblets at the beginning of paucispiral protoconch. F, decollation pattern of terrestrial gastropod Rumina decollata Linné, 1758. G, typical pattern of in-vivo apex erosion in Phymorhynchus sp. shell from the Lucky Strike site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; note shell surface abrasion but no sign of decollation.
Figure 1 in First record of fossil Mesozoic Ctenopoda (Crustacea, Cladocera)
Figure 1. Archelatona zherikhini gen. nov., sp. nov., paratypes, Khutel Khara, Mongolia, Lower Cretaceous. (A) Whole body, impression PIN 3965/3333. (B) The same fragment, mandibles and thoracic limbs. (C) Filtering setae on thoracic limbs. (D) Rami of swimming antenna, and other impressions on fragment PIN 3965/3333. (E) Rami of swimming antenna, PIN 3965/3334. (F) Rami of swimming antenna, PIN 3965/3332. Scale bars: A, 1000 µm; B–F, 100 µm.
Figure 2 in First record of fossil Mesozoic Ctenopoda (Crustacea, Cladocera)
Figure 2. Archelatona zherikhini gen. nov., sp. nov., holotype, Khutel Khara, Mongolia, Lower Cretaceous, PIN 3965/ 3332 (A–D), and Sididae indet. from Khotont, Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary, PIN 4307/2005 (E–F). (A) Rami of swimming antenna. (B) Articulation of segments of antennal exopod. (C) Reconstruction of antennal rami. (D) Distal segment of exopod. (E,F) Rami of swimming antenna, and their reconstruction. Scale bars: 100 µm.
Data from: Diversification dynamics of Cheilostome Bryozoa based on a Bayesian analysis of the fossil record
<p>Cheilostomata is the most diverse and ecologically dominant order of bryozoans living today. We apply a Bayesian framework to estimate macroevolutionary rates of cheilostomes since the Late Jurassic across four datasets: I) manually curated genus ranges, II) published text-mined genus ranges, III) non-revised Paleobiology Database (PBDB) records, IV) revised and augmented PBDB records. All datasets revealed increased origination rates in the Albian, and a twin K-Pg and Danian extinction rate peak. High origination rates in the late Selandian-Ypresian in Dataset I indicate the onset of an ascophoran-grade radiation. Lineage-through-time plots confirm the macroevolutionary lag preceding the radiation of cheilostomes in the mid-Cretaceous, and their renewed diversification in the late Paleocene and Eocene. A multivariate birth-death model indicates that origination rates are shaped by diversity-dependent dynamics coupled with a positive correlation with sea surface temperature, while extinction rates negatively correlate with sea level. Text-mined data provide broadly similar rate dynamics as manually curated data, although discrepancies could be attributed to the omission of key literature in Dataset II, and the inclusion of new published and unpublished data, and revised ranges in Dataset I. Revision and augmentation of PBDB occurrences were necessary to generate rate profiles akin to those of Datasets I and II and highlight the risks of using unedited occurrence data. Our results support the widely held assumption that diversification dynamics are controlled by both biotic and abiotic factors and pave the way for integrating fossils with molecular phylogenies to study these processes in more detail.</p>
Fig. 1 in A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa
Fig. 1. Summary phylogenetic tree of Araneae, produced by combining the fossil record with the cladograms of Coddington and Levi (1991), Griswold (1993), Scharff and Coddington (1997), Griswold et al. (1998, 1999), and Ramírez (2000).
Fig. 2 in A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa
Fig. 2. Location map of the Telemachus Spruit locality (Eastern Cape, South Africa) in relation to the outcrop of the Late Triassic Molteno Formation (shown in black) (after Anderson et al. 1998).
Figs 4, 5. T. andersonorum specimen PRE-F 17234 Tel 111 in A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa
Figs 4, 5. T. andersonorum specimen PRE-F 17234 Tel 111 from Telemachus Spruit: (4) camera lucida illustration, (5) actual fossil dry (A) and under ethanol (B). Abbreviations: fe – femur, mt – metatarsus, pa – patella, ta – tarsus, ti – tibia. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 4 in First fossil record of Varanus (Reptilia, Squamata) from Switzerland and the earliest occurrences of the genus in Europe
Fig. 4 Parsimony-based character optimization on the tooth serrations based on the phylogeny of Pyron et al. (2013)
Fig. 2 in First fossil record of Varanus (Reptilia, Squamata) from Switzerland and the earliest occurrences of the genus in Europe
Fig. 2?Varanus sp. from Hüenerbach. a–f tooth NMBHüe.1 inlingual (a), labial (b), mesial (c), distal (d), occlusal (e), andventral (f) views; g–l) tooth NMBHüe.2 inlingual (g), labial (h), proximal (i), distal (j), occlusal (k), andventral (l) views
Fig. 3 in First fossil record of Varanus (Reptilia, Squamata) from Switzerland and the earliest occurrences of the genus in Europe
Fig. 3 Pulp cavity of extant varanoids. a–b Middle right dentary tooth (reversed) of Lanthanotus borneensis SMF 336 in lingual (a) and mesial (b) views. c–d Middle left dentary tooth (reversed) of Varanus indicus AMNH 58389 in lingual (c) and mesial (d) views. e–f Middle right maxilla tooth (inverted) of Varanus salvator PIMUZ A/III 1493 in lingual (e) and mesial (f) views
Fig. 5 in First fossil record of Varanus (Reptilia, Squamata) from Switzerland and the earliest occurrences of the genus in Europe
Fig. 5 Lacertidae indet. from Hüenerbach. Posterior portion of right maxilla NMB Hüe.3 in labial (a) and ventrolingual (b) views
Fig. 1 in First fossil record of Varanus (Reptilia, Squamata) from Switzerland and the earliest occurrences of the genus in Europe
Fig. 1 Location map of Hüenerbach by the city of Langnau im Emmental (Canton of Bern, Switzerland).The Swiss molasse Basin Tertiary Formations are marked highlighting the fact that the Hüenerbach locality is at the transition between the OMM and OSM. Ba. Basel, Be. Bern, Ge. Geneva, Zu. Zurich (modified after Mennecart, 2012)
Data from: Transgression-regression cycles drive correlations in Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and fossil records
<p>Strata of the Ediacaran Period (635-538.8 Ma) yield the oldest known fossils of complex, macroscopic organisms in the geologic record. These "Ediacaran-type" macrofossils (known as the Ediacaran biota) first appear in mid-Ediacaran strata, experience an apparent decline through the terminal Ediacaran, and directly precede the Cambrian (538.8-485.4 Ma) radiation of animals. Existing hypotheses for the origin and demise of the Ediacaran biota include: changing oceanic redox states, biotic replacement by succeeding Cambrian-type fauna, and mass extinction driven by environmental change. Few studies frame trends in Ediacaran and Cambrian macroevolution from the perspective of the sedimentary rock record, despite well-documented Phanerozoic covariation of macroevolutionary patterns and sedimentary rock quantity. Here we present a quantitative analysis of North American Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records from Macrostrat and the Paleobiology Database. Marine sedimentary rock quantity increases nearly monotonically and by over a factor of five from the latest Ediacaran to the late Cambrian. Ediacaran–Cambrian fossil quantities exhibit a comparable trajectory and have strong (r<sub>s</sub> > 0.8) positive correlations with marine sedimentary area and volume flux at multiple temporal resolutions. Even so, Ediacaran fossil quantities are dramatically reduced in comparison to the Cambrian when normalized by the quantity of preserved marine rock. Although aspects of these results are consistent with the expectations of a simple fossil-preservation induced sampling bias, together they suggest that transgression-regression and a large expansion of marine shelf environments coincided with the diversification of animals during a dramatic transition that is starkly evident in both the sedimentary rock and fossil records.</p>
Data from: Trait-fitness associations via fecundity and competition in a two-million-year-long fossil record
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Data from: Taphonomic controls on a multi-element skeletal fossil record
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Pollen-chemistry variations along elevation gradients and their implications for a proxy for UV-B radiation in the plant-fossil record
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Data from: Diversification dynamics of Cheilostome Bryozoa based on a Bayesian analysis of the fossil record
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Abundance-diversity relationship as a unique signature of temporal scaling in the fossil record
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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