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Data supporting Fear of sex: Sexual conflict exposed as avoidance in a parthenogenetic invertebrate
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Males and females often have divergent evolutionary interests, generating sexual conflicts. This is particularly true in organisms that exhibit facultative <span><span>sexuality</span></span>, whereby females are capable of reproducing without fitness costs of mating. Here we provide the first documented evidence with quantitative tracking showing that sex interacts with social context to determine space-use of females, in a pattern resembling predator <span><span>avoidance</span></span>. To achieve this, we labeled <i>Daphnia magna</i> with fluorescent nanoparticles and utilized a 3-D tracking platform to record pairs of individuals swimming. The recordings comprised either same-sex or opposite-sex pairings. We found that females swam faster, deeper, more horizontally and more linearly when exposed to males than when exposed to females. Simultaneously, we found that male behavior did not differ depending on swimming partner and, importantly, we observed no sexual dimorphism in swimming behaviors when swimming with the same sex. Our results suggest that the presence of males in a population has the potential to influence the distribution of individuals, similarly to known threats, such as predation. This highlights that sexual conflict has clear spatial consequences and should be considered in such ecological frameworks, like the Landscape of Fear (LOF) concept. In a broader context, the connection of the evolutionary and social concept of sexual conflict and the ecological concept of LOF may improve our understanding of population dynamics and the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals in natural ecosystems.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 2 in Freshwater invertebrates of subantarctic South Georgia
Figure 2. Upper map: lakes of the TØnsberg Peninsula, Stromness Bay. Lower map: sampling sites in the region of the Husvik whaling station (station marked with an H).
Figure 1 in Freshwater invertebrates of subantarctic South Georgia
Figure 1. Locations of the freshwater sampling sites around Stromness Bay and at Grytviken, South Georgia. Insert: map of South Georgia showing the sampling area.
Fig. 5 in Preliminary observations of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna communities in the upper mesophotic coral ecosystems in Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines
Fig. 5. Barplots represent the total species richness across the depths (A) and reef types (B). C and E show the abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna, respectively, with their corresponding trophic groups across depths. D and F show the abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna, respectively, with their corresponding trophic groups across reef types.
Fig. 3 in Preliminary observations of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna communities in the upper mesophotic coral ecosystems in Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines
Fig. 3. Macrobenthic invertebrate species in Apo Reef Natural Park. A, Holothuria atra; B, Holothuria fuscogilva; C, Thelenota anax; D, Thelenotarubra lineata; E, Thromidia catalai; F, Tridacna sp.; G, Xetospongia sp.
Fig. 2 in Preliminary observations of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna communities in the upper mesophotic coral ecosystems in Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines
Fig. 2. Reef fish and marine reptile megafaunal species in Apo Reef Natural Park. A, Eretmochelys imbricata; B, Bolbometopon muricatum; C, Balistoides viridescens; D, Cheilinus undulatus; E, Caranx melampygus; F, Cephalopholis argus; G, Macolor niger; H, Sphyraena qenie; I, Triaenodon obesus.
Fig. 1 in Preliminary observations of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna communities in the upper mesophotic coral ecosystems in Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of Apo Reef Natural Park in the Philippines, as well as, the study sites that were surveyed in March 2016.
Fig. 4 in Preliminary observations of macrobenthic invertebrates and megafauna communities in the upper mesophotic coral ecosystems in Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines
Fig. 4. Results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) across depths (A) and reef types (B). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results along with the corresponding p values are included in the plots (A and B). Vectors showing the influence (direction and magnitude) of the different benthic cover on the species composition (C).
Fig. 3 in Recovery Of Litter And Soil Invertebrate Communities Following Swidden Cultivation In Sarawak, Malaysia
Fig. 3. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of litter (A) and soil (B) invertebrates and relationship (P<0.05) with microhabitat environmental factors in young (Y) and old (O) fallows and primary forest (P). BA: tree basal area; CanopyOpen: canopy openness; MiniDis: the shortest straight distance from each plot to the primary forest of LHNP; TreeSp: observed number of tree species.
Fig. 4 in Recovery Of Litter And Soil Invertebrate Communities Following Swidden Cultivation In Sarawak, Malaysia
Fig. 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of litter (A) and soil (B) termites and relationship (P<0.05) with microhabitat environmental factors in young (Y) and old (O) fallows and primary forest (P). BA: tree basal area; TreeSp: observed number of tree species.
Fig. 1 in Recovery Of Litter And Soil Invertebrate Communities Following Swidden Cultivation In Sarawak, Malaysia
Fig. 1. Individual density distributions of different functional groups in litter (A) and soil (B) within the three forest types. a Significant difference was detected among forest types in litter (P<0.01) and soil (P<0.05).
Fig. 2 in Recovery Of Litter And Soil Invertebrate Communities Following Swidden Cultivation In Sarawak, Malaysia
Fig. 2. Termite frequency distribution of different feeding guilds in litter (A) and soil (B) within the three forest types. a Significant difference was detected among forest types in soil (P<0.05).
Influence of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) rot hole habitat characteristics on invertebrate community structure and diversity - Dataset
<p>The data and R scripts pertinent to the Journal of Insect Science manuscript titled "Influence of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) rot hole habitat characteristics on invertebrate community structure and diversity". Environmental variables are given in "Rot Hole and Site Data", whilst community data are given as counts in "Rot Hole Community Data - counts" and as relative abundance in "Rot Hole Community Data - relative abundances".</p>
From bottom-up to top-down control of invertebrate herbivores in a retrogressive chronosequence
<p>In the long-term absence of disturbance, ecosystems often enter a decline or retrogressive phase which leads to reductions in primary productivity, plant biomass, nutrient cycling and foliar quality. However, the consequences of ecosystem retrogression for higher trophic levels such as herbivores and predators, are less clear. Using a post-fire forested island-chronosequence across which retrogression occurs, we provide evidence that nutrient availability strongly controls invertebrate herbivore biomass when predators are few, but that there is a switch from bottom-up to top-down control when predators are common. This trophic flip in herbivore control probably arises because invertebrate predators respond to alternative energy channels from the adjacent aquatic matrix, which were independent of terrestrial plant biomass. Our results suggest that effects of nutrient limitation resulting from ecosystem retrogression on trophic cascades are modified by nutrient-independent variation in predator abundance, and this calls for a more holistic approach to trophic ecology to better understand herbivore effects on plant communities.</p>
Appendices B to E for the Thesis: Investigating the Evolution and Ecology of Obscure Bacterial Symbioses found in Invertebrates, Ciliates and Algae
<p><strong>Appendix B1 contains all metadata for genomes assembled and genomes used, including accession numbers, CheckM scores and Gtdbtk taxonomy. You will also find supporting data for Chapter 2.</strong></p> <p><strong>Yellow tabs contain:</strong></p> <ul> <li>accessions and species information for all whole genomes used</li> <li>brief details on hosts and environment for new genomes described in this study</li> <li>metadata such as N50s and genome lengths for all new genomes</li> <li>completeness scores and assembly levels for all genomes</li> <li>information on where all the published genomes were used in this study</li> <li>taxonomy calculations from GTDBtk</li> </ul> <p><strong>Red tabs contain:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Phi scores from reticulate analysis for all core genome clusters extracted from the pangenome aswell as their associated COG and KEGG functions</li> <li>Functional enrichment tables exploring the association of different metabolic functions with different groups of bacteria</li> </ul> <p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Appendix C1 contains all metadata for genomes assembled and genomes used, including accession numbers and CheckM scores. You will also find raw data used to produce the figures in Chapter 3.</strong></p> <p><strong>Yellow tabs contain: </strong></p> <p>S1 - Meta data tables for draft genomes examined in this study </p> <p>S2 - Accessions for additional genomes used</p> <p><strong>Red tabs contain: </strong></p> <p>S3 - AAI % similarity across Ca. Megaira used in figure 3a</p> <p>S4 - ANIb % Similarity across Ca. Megaira used in figure 3b</p> <p>S5 - KEGG ko hits </p> <p>S6 - KEGG module completeness used in figure 5 and 6 </p> <p>S7 - 16S rRNA accessions used in phylogeny Figure 2</p> <p>S8 - Gene cluster presence absence matrix used in figure 3.4 and Appendix figure 1 </p> <p>S9 - GTDBtk results for SRA and GenBank Environmental MAGs </p> <p>S10 - top 10 blastp results for RiPP, NRPS and CDPS regions identified by antiSMASH</p> <p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Appendix D1 contains all metadata for genomes assembled and genomes used, including accession numbers, CheckM scores and Gtdbtk taxonomy. You will also find raw data used to produce the figures in Chapter 4.</strong></p> <p><strong>Yellow tabs contain:</strong></p> <p>S1 - Metadata for genomes assembled in this study</p> <p>S2 - Metadata for environmental MAGs recovered from NCBI non redundant sequence database</p> <p>S3 - Metadata for additional Chlamydiota genomes used</p> <p><strong>Red tabs contain:</strong></p> <p>S4 - AAI percentage similarity scores used to produce genera similarity networks</p> <p>S5 - ANIb percentage similarity scores used to produce species similarity networks</p> <p>S6 - CRISPRcas finder results</p> <p>S7 - KEGG pathway hits</p> <p>S8 - KEGG pathway completeness</p> <p>S9 - Gene cluster presence absence matrix used in figure 4.3a for Rhabdochlamydiaceae</p> <p>S10 - Gene cluster presence absence matrix used in figure 4.3b for Simkaniaceae</p> <p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Appendix E1 contains screening results, environmental data extracted from climate databases and additional genome information.</strong></p> <p><strong>Yellow tabs contain:</strong></p> <p>S1 - 'Ca. Tisiphia' in Anopheles plumbeus across Germany. PCR screening and geographic data</p> <p>S2 - additional genome accessions and metadata</p> <p><strong>Red tabs contain:</strong></p> <p>S3 - KEGG completeness</p> <p>S4 - KEGG ko_hits presence</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Invertebrate animals as a component of the traditional medicine trade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Fig. 3. Traditional healer's regalia. A, wrist-band from Pondoland made from shells of the gastropod Nerita albicilla (the black and white coloration symbolising the black and white components of many traditional remedies); B, diviner's necklace with glass beads and marine shells, Mtubatuba area, Zululand (Natal Museum 7147).
Fig. 2 in Invertebrate animals as a component of the traditional medicine trade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Fig. 2. Samples of invertebrate animals for sale in market. A, dried, live-collected chitons of the genera Chiton, Dinoplax and Onithochiton; B, ring cowries (Cypraea annulus), many with dried bodies inside; C, organ-pipe coral (Tubipora musica) from localities as much as 2000 km distant in northern Mozambique; D, starfish (Protoreaster lincki) collected alive in sheltered localities in Mozambique.
Fig. 1 in Invertebrate animals as a component of the traditional medicine trade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Fig. 1. Stalls in the Warwick Triangle market, Durban. A, typical stall selling a wide range of products, nearly all of animal origin; B, neatly organised stall of a Mozambican trader, displaying a range of animal products, many of tropical origin. Note Cypraea annulus head-bands in foreground.
Fig. 5. Traditional nomenclature - isongololo. A in Invertebrate animals as a component of the traditional medicine trade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Fig. 5. Traditional nomenclature - isongololo. A, isongololo, the well-known juliform millipedes and B, isongololo lasolwandle, the shell of the cephalopod mollusc Spirula spirula.
Fig. 4. Traditional nomenclature - imfinyezi. A, a in Invertebrate animals as a component of the traditional medicine trade in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Fig. 4. Traditional nomenclature - imfinyezi. A, a chiton imfinyezi yasolwandle (Dinoplax sp.) and B, a pill millipede imfinyezi yentaba or imfinyezi yangaphandle (Sphaerotherium sp.), showing the superficially similar shape and body segmentation.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.