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376 results for “local scales”
LEN-DB - Local earthquakes detection: a benchmark dataset of 3-component seismograms built on a global scale
<p>In this study ( <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666544120300010">The paper</a> ) we present a large dataset of 1,249,411 3-component seismograms, recorded along the vertical, north, and east components of 1487 broad-band or very broad-band receivers distributed worldwide, including 631,105 3-component seismograms generated by 304,878 local earthquakes and labeled as earthquakes (EQ), and 618,306 ones labeled as noise (AN). The choice of collecting only local earthquake-data is motivated by the fact that small-magnitude events, which generate relatively small amplitudes and are easily attenuated, are often problematic to detect but provide valuable information about earthquake processes. The labeled data are split into HDF5-Groups: <em>EQ</em> and <em>AN</em>. Each of these groups contains as many HDF5-Datasets as the number of 3-component seismograms; these are labeled in accordance to the format <em>net_sta_starttime</em>, where <em>net</em>, <em>sta</em>, and <em>starttime</em> represent the seismic network, station, and start time of the seismograms. Each HDF5-Dataset (i.e. each triplet of seismograms) has an attribute, which allows accessing the respective metadata. In addition, the HDF5-Group <em>Stations</em> allows accessing stations’ metadata through as many HDF5-Datasets (which are labeled in accordance to the format <em>net_sta)</em> as the number of receivers employed for collecting the waveforms.</p> <p>This global dataset is intended to be used for carrying out a multitude of seismological and signal processing tasks on single-station recordings, and its size particularly suits machine learning (ML) applications.. Application of ML to this dataset shows that a simple Convolutional Neural Network of 67,939 parameters allows discriminating between earthquakes and noise single-station recordings with high accuracy (93.2%), even if applied in regions not investigated by the training set. We make the dataset publicly available as a unique file in HDF5 data format, intending to provide the seismological and broader scientific community with a benchmark for time-series to be used as a testing ground in seismology and signal processing.</p>
Data for: The scales of coevolution: comparative phylogeography and genetic demography of a locally adapted venomous predator and its prey
<p>Coevolutionary theory predicts that differences in the genetic demography of interacting species can influence patterns of local adaptation <span>by </span>affecting the potential of local populations to respond to selection. <span>We conducted a comparative phylogeographic study of</span> venomous rattlesnakes and their venom-resistant ground squirrel prey across California<span>, and </span>assessed <span>how </span>effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) estimates correspond with a previously documented pattern of rattlesnake local adaptation<span>. </span><span>Using</span> RAD-seq markers, we detected lineage relationships among both the rattlesnakes <span>(<i>Crotalus </i></span><i><span>oreganus </span>ssp.</i>) and ground squirrels (<i>Otospermophilus sp.</i>) that are incongruent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Both rattlesnakes and squirrels share a deep divergence at the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. At this broad phylogeographic scale, <span>we </span>found that the locally adapted rattlesnakes had higher N<sub>e</sub> than squirrels. <span>A</span>t the population scale, snakes also had larger N<sub>e </sub>accompanied by larger values of several metrics of population genetic diversity. However, the specific magnitude of local adaptation of venom activity to ground squirrel venom resistance <span>was </span>not significantly correlated with local differences in N<sub>e</sub> or other diversity statistics between predator and prey populations, suggesting other factors in the geographic mosaic of coevolution contribute to the specific local-scale outcomes of this interaction. These results <span>suggest an evolutionary mechanism that may explain some (but clearly not all) of rattlesnake local adaptation</span> in this coevolutionary interaction – larger population sizes raise adaptive potential of rattlesnakes compared to ground squirrels.</p>
Data from: Temperature-driven colour lightness and body size variation scale to local assemblages of European Odonata but are modified by propensity for dispersal
<p>1. Previous macrophysiological studies suggested that temperature-driven colour lightness and body size variations strongly influence biogeographical patterns in ectotherms. However, these trait-environment relationships scale to local assemblages and the extent to which they can be modified by dispersal remains largely unexplored. We test whether the predictions of the thermal melanism hypothesis and the Bergmann's rule hold for local assemblages. We also assess whether these trait-environment relationships are more important for species adapted to less stable (lentic) habitats, due to their greater dispersal propensity compared to those adapted to stable (lotic) habitats.</p> <p>2. We quantified the colour lightness and body volume of 99 European dragon- and damselflies (Odonata) and combined these trait information with survey data for 518 local assemblages across Europe. Based on this continent-wide yet spatially explicit dataset, we tested for effects temperature and precipitation on the colour lightness and body volume of local assemblages and assessed differences in their relative importance and strength between lentic and lotic assemblages, while accounting for spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation.</p> <p>3. The colour lightness of assemblages of odonates increased and body size decreased with increasing temperature. Trait-environment relationships in the average and phylogenetic predicted component were equally important for assemblages of both habitat types but were stronger in lentic assemblages when accounting for phylogenetic autocorrelation.</p> <p>4. Our results show that the mechanism underlying colour lightness and body size variations scale to local assemblages, indicating their general importance. These mechanisms were of equal evolutionary significance for lentic and lotic species, but higher dispersal ability seems to enable lentic species to cope better with historical climatic changes. The documented differences between lentic and lotic assemblages also highlight the importance of integrating interactions of thermal adaptations with proxies of the dispersal ability of species into trait-based models, for improving our understanding of climate-driven biological responses.</p>
Local recruitment in Northern Flickers is related to environmental factors at multiple scales and provides reproductive benefits to yearling breeders settling close to home
<p>Natal dispersal and local recruitment are affected by factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to juveniles and may affect fitness. Understanding the relationship between dispersal and population density in birds has been hindered by a lack of long-term studies and a focus on resident species has neglected the role of weather operating at large spatial scales. I studied local recruitment and the reproductive consequences of natal dispersal distance within a population of Northern Flickers (<i>Colaptes auratus</i>), a migratory woodpecker. During a field study spanning 16 years in British Columbia, 8272 fledglings were banded and 138 males and 105 females recruited locally. Average annual local recruitment rate for males (3.36%) was greater than for females (2.55%) and propensity to recruit locally was positively correlated with an early hatch date and high body condition. Annual local recruitment was not associated with population density in the year of hatch but was positively correlated with population density in the year of settlement. Local recruitment was also positively correlated with warmer springs during migration consistent with the phenology hypothesis. Among local recruits, natal dispersal distance was independent of the presence of parents and so dispersal was not a behavior to prevent inbreeding. However, settling closer to the natal site led to reproductive benefits in terms of earlier laying dates and better nest success. Therefore, juveniles may gain useful information about the location of nesting substrates, predation risk, and patchy food resources by exploring the landscape around their natal site during the post-fledging period and then settling in the familiar area after returning from migration.</p>
Data from: The signature of fine scale local adaptation in Atlantic salmon revealed from common garden experiments in nature
Understanding the extent, scale and genetic basis of local adaptation (LA) is important for conservation and management. Its relevance in salmonids at microgeographic scales, where dispersal (and hence potential gene flow) can be substantial, has however been questioned. Here, we compare the fitness of communally reared offspring of local and foreign Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from adjacent Irish rivers and reciprocal F1 hybrid crosses between them, in the wild 'home' environment of the local population. Experimental groups did not differ in wild smolt output but a catastrophic flood event may have limited our ability to detect freshwater performance differences, which were evident in a previous study. Foreign parr exhibited higher, and hybrids intermediate, emigration rates from the natal stream relative to local parr, consistent with genetically based behavioural differences. Adult return rates were lower for the foreign compared to the local group. Overall lifetime success of foreigners and hybrids relative to locals was estimated at 31% and 40% (mean of both hybrid groups), respectively. The results imply a genetic basis to fitness differences among populations separated by only 50 km, driven largely by variation in smolt to adult return rates. Hence even if supplementary stocking programs obtain broodstock from neighbouring rivers, the risk of extrinsic outbreeding depression may be high.
Data from: Local biotic environment shapes the spatial scale of bacteriophage adaptation to bacteria
The ecological, epidemiological, and evolutionary consequences of host-parasite interactions are critically shaped by the spatial scale at which parasites adapt to hosts. The scale of interaction between hyperparasites and their parasites is likely to be influenced by the host of the parasite and potentially likely to differ among within-host environments. Here we examine the scale at which bacteriophages adapt to their host bacteria by studying natural isolates from the surface or interior of horse chestnut leaves. We find that phages are more infective to bacteria from the same tree relative to those from other trees but do not differ in infectivity to bacteria from different leaves within the same tree. The results suggest that phages target common bacterial species, including an important plant pathogen, within plant host tissues; this result has important implications for therapeutic phage epidemiology. Furthermore, we show that phages from the leaf interior are more infective to their local hosts than phages from the leaf surface are to theirs, suggesting either increased resistance of bacteria on the leaf surface or increased phage adaptation within the leaf. These results highlight that biotic environment can play a key role in shaping the spatial scale of parasite adaptation and influencing the outcome of coevolutionary interactions.
Drivers of amphibian population dynamics and asynchrony at local and regional scales
<ol> <li>Identifying the drivers of population fluctuations in spatially distinct populations remains a significant challenge for ecologists. Whereas regional climatic factors may generate population synchrony (i.e., the Moran effect), local factors including the level of density-dependence may reduce the level of synchrony. Although divergences in the scaling of population synchrony and spatial environmental variation have been observed, the regulatory factors that underlie such mismatches are poorly understood.</li> <li>Few previous studies have investigated how density-dependent processes and population-specific responses to weather variation influence spatial synchrony at both local and regional scales. We addressed this issue in a pond-breeding amphibian, the great crested newt (<i>Triturus cristatus</i>). We used capture-recapture data collected through long-term surveys in five <i>T. cristatus</i> populations in Western Europe.</li> <li>In all populations – and subpopulations within metapopulations – population size, annual survival and recruitment fluctuated over time. Likewise, there was considerable variation in these demographic rates between populations and within metapopulations. These fluctuations and variations appear to be context-dependent and more related to site-specific characteristics than local or regional climatic drivers. We found a low level of demographic synchrony at both local and regional levels. Weather has weak and spatially variable effects on survival, recruitment and population growth rate. In contrast, density-dependence was a common phenomenon (at least for population growth) in almost all populations and subpopulations.</li> <li>Our findings support the idea that the Moran effect is low in species where the population dynamics more closely depends on local factors (e.g. population density and habitat characteristics) than on large-scale environmental fluctuation (e.g. regional climatic variation). Such responses may have far-reaching consequences for the long-term viability of spatially structured populations and their ability to response to large-scale climatic anomalies.</li> </ol>
Data from: Organic farming enhances parasitoid diversity at the local and landscape scale
1. The magnitude of the benefits derived from organic farming within contrasting managed landscapes remains unclear and, in particular, the potential scale-dependent response of insect parasitoids is relatively unexplored. Identifying the scale at which parasitoids are affected by organic farming will be an important step to enhance their conservation. 2. We sampled tachinid parasitoids at the centre and margin of arable and grassland fields on paired organic and conventional farms located in landscapes with different proportions of organic land. A total of 192 fields were sampled in two biogeographical regions of the UK. 3. We found that the positive effect of organic farming on tachinid parasitoid diversity can be observed at multiple spatial scales. At the local scale, we found higher abundance and species richness of tachinid parasitoids on organic than on conventional farms and on field margins than on field centres. At the landscape scale, the diversity of tachinids was higher in landscapes with higher proportions of organic land. At both scales, the positive effect of organic farming was clear for arable fields, while it was almost neutral for grasslands. 4. Synthesis and applications. Any attempt to enhance parasitoid diversity in agricultural landscapes needs to consider the local management in relation to the habitat type, location within the field and agricultural management in the surrounding landscape. To restore parasitoid diversity, the promotion of organic agriculture should aim to increase both the total extent of organic farming and the connectivity of individual farms. As the benefits of organic farming to biodiversity clearly spread beyond individual farm boundaries, any assessment of organic farming should consider these positive externalities.
Data from: Is there coordination of leaf and fine root traits at local scales? a test in temperate forest swamps
Examining the coordination of leaf and fine root traits not only aids a better understanding of plant ecological strategies from a whole-plant perspective, but also helps improve the prediction of belowground properties from aboveground traits. The relationships between leaf and fine root traits have been extensively explored at global and regional scales, but remain unclear at local scales. Here, we measured six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits related to resource economy and organ size for coexisting dominant and subordinate vascular plants at three successional stages of temperate forest swamps in Lingfeng National Nature Reserve in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, NE China. Leaf and fine root traits related with resource acquisition (e.g. specific leaf area [SLA], leaf N, leaf P, root water content and root P) decreased with succession. Overall, we found strong linear relationships between leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and root water content, and between leaf and root C, N and P concentrations, but only weak correlations were observed between leaf area and root diameter, and between SLA and specific root length (SRL). The strong relationships between LDMC and root water content and between leaf and root C, N and P held at the early and late stages, but disappeared at the middle stage. Besides, C and P of leaves were significantly correlated with those of roots for woody plants, while strong linkages existed between LDMC and root water content and between leaf N and root N for herbaceous species. These results provided evidence for the existence of strong coordination between leaf and root traits at the local scale. Meanwhile, the leaf-root trait relationships could be modulated by successional stage and growth form, indicating the complexity of coordination of aboveground and belowground traits at the local scale.
Data from: Reproductive success is driven by local site fidelity despite stronger specialisation by individuals for large scale habitat preference
1. There is widespread evidence that within populations, specialists and generalists can coexist and this is particularly prevalent in marine ecosystems, where foraging specialisations are evident. 2. While individuals may limit niche overlap by consistently foraging in specific areas, site fidelity may also emerge as an artefact of habitat choice but both drivers and fitness consequences of site fidelity are poorly understood. 3. Here we examine an individual metric of site and habitat fidelity, using tracking data collected over 11 years for black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris). Fidelity was calculated as the similarity between pairs of foraging zones, quantifying measures for within and between years. Foraging areas were identified using area restricted search, defined as periods during which birds decrease speed and increase turning. 4. Our results demonstrate that birds were considerably more specialised in the habitat in which they forage than the exact location they use within years, and there was a similar pattern between years. However, despite this, it was site fidelity that explained reproductive success. Within a single year, females which were more faithful to a specific location had higher reproductive success than non-specialists and between years there was tendency for both sexes. 5. Our results suggest that black-browed albatrosses are highly faithful in their foraging habitat but it is rather site fidelity that is more clearly associated with reproductive success.
Supplementary material 3 from: Wübbelmann T, Bouwer LM, Förster K, Bender S, Burkhard B (2022) Urban ecosystems and heavy rainfall – A Flood Regulating Ecosystem Service modelling approach for extreme events on the local scale. One Ecosystem 7: e87458. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e87458
Maps of the individual potential FRES demand indicators
Supplementary material 2 from: Wübbelmann T, Bouwer LM, Förster K, Bender S, Burkhard B (2022) Urban ecosystems and heavy rainfall – A Flood Regulating Ecosystem Service modelling approach for extreme events on the local scale. One Ecosystem 7: e87458. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e87458
Table of the scaled Flood Regulating Ecosystem Services indicators and categories
Supplementary material 1 from: Wübbelmann T, Bouwer LM, Förster K, Bender S, Burkhard B (2022) Urban ecosystems and heavy rainfall – A Flood Regulating Ecosystem Service modelling approach for extreme events on the local scale. One Ecosystem 7: e87458. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e87458
Ratio of FRES supply and flood hazard
Text-fig. 6. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Volume rendering of flower in apical view showing five narrow calyx lobes; note that the apical part of the five-angled style is sealed (arrow). b: Volume rendering of flower (cut at orthoslice xy0796) showing transverse sections of calyx lobes with three distinct bundles indicated by arrows in one of the lobes, ovary wall (ow) and central placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). c, d: Transverse sections of style (c, orthoslice xy0153; d, orthoslice xy0222) showing five angled form, sealed near apex (c) and with prominent central canal further farther down (d). e: Volume rendering of flower (cut at orthoslice xz1024) in longitudinal section showing calyx, semi-inferior ovary with ovary wall (ow), and central placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimen, Mira 100-S153145 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, e), 100 µm (c, d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 6. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Volume rendering of flower in apical view showing five narrow calyx lobes; note that the apical part of the five-angled style is sealed (arrow). b: Volume rendering of flower (cut at orthoslice xy0796) showing transverse sections of calyx lobes with three distinct bundles indicated by arrows in one of the lobes, ovary wall (ow) and central placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). c, d: Transverse sections of style (c, orthoslice xy0153; d, orthoslice xy0222) showing five angled form, sealed near apex (c) and with prominent central canal further farther down (d). e: Volume rendering of flower (cut at orthoslice xz1024) in longitudinal section showing calyx, semi-inferior ovary with ovary wall (ow), and central placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimen, Mira 100-S153145 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, e), 100 µm (c, d).
Text-fig. 4. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) sections of flower showing the ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) borne on the mushroom-shaped central globose placenta (pl, blue); placenta shown as a voltex rendering added to orthoslices; note the large openings in the floral tissue (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c, d: Longitudinal (c) and transverse (d) sections of flower (c, volume rendering cut between orthoslice yz0970-1005; d, volume rendering cut between orthoslice xy0780-0820) showing semiinferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with sepals inserted at the rim of the hypanthium, central column (cc) with mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 4. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) sections of flower showing the ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) borne on the mushroom-shaped central globose placenta (pl, blue); placenta shown as a voltex rendering added to orthoslices; note the large openings in the floral tissue (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c, d: Longitudinal (c) and transverse (d) sections of flower (c, volume rendering cut between orthoslice yz0970-1005; d, volume rendering cut between orthoslice xy0780-0820) showing semiinferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with sepals inserted at the rim of the hypanthium, central column (cc) with mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).
Supplementary material 2 from: Gutjahr S, Schmidt S, Hahn H (2014) A proposal for a groundwater habitat classification at local scale. Subterranean Biology 14: 25-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.14.5429
Output of the one-way ANOSIMS' pairwise test.:
Supplementary material 3 from: Gutjahr S, Schmidt S, Hahn H (2014) A proposal for a groundwater habitat classification at local scale. Subterranean Biology 14: 25-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.14.5429
Output of a Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP).:
Text-fig. 2. Caryanthus sp., no. F03286, locality Zliv-Řídká Blana A – Inflorescence, three bisexual flowers / fruits, central flower inserted slightly higher than the two lateral ones, scale bar 0.5 mm; B – Lateral flowers arranged at an angle of about 45˚ relative to each other, hp. – hypanthium with grooves, scale bar 0.5 mm; C – Epidermal cells of hypanthium, scale bar 0.1 mm; D – Detail of epidermal cells, scale bar 50 µm; E – Lateral flower, basal parts of six filaments and basal parts of two anthers styles, f – filaments, s – styles, scale bar 0.3 mm; F – Central flower, scale bar 0.3 mm; G – Stoma, scale bar 30 µm. in A New Record Of The Genus Caryanthus From The Cretaceous Of South Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 2. Caryanthus sp., no. F03286, locality Zliv-Řídká Blana A – Inflorescence, three bisexual flowers / fruits, central flower inserted slightly higher than the two lateral ones, scale bar 0.5 mm; B – Lateral flowers arranged at an angle of about 45˚ relative to each other, hp. – hypanthium with grooves, scale bar 0.5 mm; C – Epidermal cells of hypanthium, scale bar 0.1 mm; D – Detail of epidermal cells, scale bar 50 µm; E – Lateral flower, basal parts of six filaments and basal parts of two anthers styles, f – filaments, s – styles, scale bar 0.3 mm; F – Central flower, scale bar 0.3 mm; G – Stoma, scale bar 30 µm.
Text-fig. 4. Properca prisca, scales. a – specimen IGP 2011/6b, scale 1; b – specimen IGP 2011/6b, scale 2, c – specimen IGP 2011/6b, scale 3; d – specimen IGP 2011/4a; e – specimen IGP 2011/7; f – specimen IGP 2011/1; g – specimen IGP 2011/8, scale 1; h – specimen IGP 2011/8, scale 3; i – specimen IGP 2011/8, scale 2; j – specimen IGP 2011/5a, scale 1; k – specimen IGP 2011/2a; l – specimen IGP 2011/3a; m – specimen IGP 2011/6b, group of scales; n – specimen IGP 2011/5a, group of scales; o – specimen IGP 2011/8, group of scales; p – specimen IGP 2011/7, lateral line scale; q – reconstruction of the running of the lateral line according to the NMP Pc 68; r-s – reconstruction of the scales according to Obrhelová (1976); t-z – reconstruction of the scales according to Obrhelová (1971). Head should be in the left. Scale bars represent 0.5 mm. in Lepidological Review On The Fish Fauna Of The Kučlín Locality (Upper Eocene, Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 4. Properca prisca, scales. a – specimen IGP 2011/6b, scale 1; b – specimen IGP 2011/6b, scale 2, c – specimen IGP 2011/6b, scale 3; d – specimen IGP 2011/4a; e – specimen IGP 2011/7; f – specimen IGP 2011/1; g – specimen IGP 2011/8, scale 1; h – specimen IGP 2011/8, scale 3; i – specimen IGP 2011/8, scale 2; j – specimen IGP 2011/5a, scale 1; k – specimen IGP 2011/2a; l – specimen IGP 2011/3a; m – specimen IGP 2011/6b, group of scales; n – specimen IGP 2011/5a, group of scales; o – specimen IGP 2011/8, group of scales; p – specimen IGP 2011/7, lateral line scale; q – reconstruction of the running of the lateral line according to the NMP Pc 68; r-s – reconstruction of the scales according to Obrhelová (1976); t-z – reconstruction of the scales according to Obrhelová (1971). Head should be in the left. Scale bars represent 0.5 mm.
Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.